Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 敏

Modern (Beijing) reading: mǐn

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)ǝ̄ʔ

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)ǝ̄́

Western Han Chinese: m(h)ǝ̄́

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)ǝ̄́

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ǝ̄́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ǝ̄́

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: mín

English meaning : be diligent, exert oneself

Russian meaning[s]: 1) понятливый, умный; ловкий, гибкий; 2) подбодрять; стимулировать

Comments: The reading *m(h)ǝ̄ʔ can be established because the character is used in Shijing as a loan for 拇*m(h)ǝ̄ʔ 'big toe'. The development to MC mín is completely irregular and may just point to a word replacement in MC. For *m- in mín (presupposing some OC form like *mrǝnʔ or *mrinʔ) cf. Xiamen bin³, Chaozhou mieŋ³, Fuzhou miŋ³.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6235

Karlgren code: 1251 q

Character: 敘

Modern (Beijing) reading: xù

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhaʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lhá

Western Han Chinese: lhá

Eastern Han Chinese: zhá

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhó

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhó

Middle Chinese: zjö́

Russian meaning[s]: 1) излагать; говорить, беседовать; изложение; повествовать; пересказывать; 2) предисловие; объяснение, объяснительная статья (к чужому или своему литературному произведению); 3) порядок, последовательность; располагать по порядку; 4) аттестовать (чиновников); продвигать по службе; награждать, поощрять; 5) пировать, быть на банкете

Comments: = 序 q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6054

Karlgren code: 0082 o

Character: 敕

Modern (Beijing) reading: chì

Preclassic Old Chinese: srhǝk

Classic Old Chinese: r̥ǝk

Western Han Chinese: r̥ǝk

Eastern Han Chinese: r̥ǝk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭhɨk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭhɨk

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭhɨk

Middle Chinese: ṭhik

Russian meaning[s]: 1) указ, декрет; высочайшее повеление; приказывать, повелевать; 2) заговор, заклинание; 3) быть начеку, насторожиться

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6238

Karlgren code: 0917 a-c

Character: 敔

Modern (Beijing) reading: yù

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)aʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)á

Western Han Chinese: ŋ(h)á

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ(h)á

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ó

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ó

Middle Chinese: ŋö́

English meaning : a sounding box (shaped like a lying tiger)

Russian meaning[s]: древн. цимбалы

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6164

Karlgren code: 0058 q-r

Go-on: go

Kan-on: giyo

Japanese reading: go;gyo

Character: 斜

Modern (Beijing) reading: xié

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhia

Classic Old Chinese: lhia

Western Han Chinese: lhia

Eastern Han Chinese: zhä

Early Postclassic Chinese: zha

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zha

Late Postclassic Chinese: zha

Middle Chinese: zja

English meaning : = 邪

Russian meaning[s]: 1) косой; наклонный; скат, склон; 2) неправильный; еретический; извращенный; [yé] Е (название долины в провинции Шэньси)

Radical: 68

Four-angle index: 2662

Character: 斛

Modern (Beijing) reading: hú

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ōk

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ōk

Western Han Chinese: gōk (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gōk (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gōk (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gōk (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gwōk (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣuk

English meaning : unit of measure (10 斗) [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: мера зерна (в древности 10 斗 доу, в настоящее время 5 доу)

Radical: 68

Four-angle index: 2655

Karlgren code: 1225 f

Vietnamese reading: hộc

Character: 斬

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćrāmʔ

Classic Old Chinese: crā́m

Western Han Chinese: c̣ā́m

Eastern Han Chinese: c̣ā́m

Early Postclassic Chinese: c̣ạ̄́m

Middle Postclassic Chinese: c̣ạ̄́m

Late Postclassic Chinese: c̣ạ̄́m

Middle Chinese: c̣ạ̈́m

English meaning : to cut off, cut up, destroy

Russian meaning[s]: 1) обезглавить; казнить; отрубить; отрезать; 2) прекратить, оборвать; 3) разом, вместе; все как один; 4) см. 嶄

Comments: The MC reading would rather point to *ćrēmʔ; however, both xiesheng and rhymes point to *ćrāmʔ with irregular MC development. Viet. chém is colloquial; regular Sino-Viet. is tra`m.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 69

Four-angle index: 1992

Karlgren code: 0611 a

Vietnamese reading: chém

Character: 族

Modern (Beijing) reading: zú

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)ōk

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)ōk

Western Han Chinese: ʒ(h)ōk

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ(h)ōk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)ōk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)ōk

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)wōk

Middle Chinese: ʒuk

English meaning : clan, family; clansmen, troops belonging to a clan

Russian meaning[s]: 1) род; родовой; племя, клан; поколения рода; всем родом; вместе; сородичи; 2) биол. род; 3) древн. казнить всю родню виновного; [cù] наконечник стрелы

Shuowen gloss: 矢鋒也.束之族族也.從�.從矢.�所以標眾.眾矢之所集. [312]

Comments: The original meaning of the character is 'a bundle of arrows' (later written with 金 as radical), but already since early Zhou it was applied to homonymous *ʒ(h)ōk 'clan'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 70

Four-angle index: 5039

Karlgren code: 1206 a-c

Vietnamese reading: tộc

Shijing occurrences: 11.3_

Character: 旋

Modern (Beijing) reading: xuán

Preclassic Old Chinese: when

Classic Old Chinese: when

Western Han Chinese: whjan

Eastern Han Chinese: whjan

Early Postclassic Chinese: whjen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: whjen

Late Postclassic Chinese: whjen

Middle Chinese: zjwen

English meaning : to turn round

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вращать(ся); крутить(ся); двигаться по орбите; 2) повернуть; закрутить; завернуть; обойти; 3) вернуться, возвратиться; 4) моментально, мгновенно; сейчас же; и тут же; и затем; и далее; 5) мочиться; [xuán xuàn] 1) кружиться вихрем; вихрь; 2) см. 鏇

Comments: See 還 *whrēn (etymologically the same root). During Tang the same character with an additional 167th radical obtained the meaning 'lathe, turnery'; it has also an additional 去聲 reading MC zjwèn, Mand. xuàn, Viet. tiện.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 70

Four-angle index: 5883

Karlgren code: 0236 a-b

Vietnamese reading: toàn

Jianchuan Bai: cuĩ2

Dali Bai: -jui3

Bijiang Bai: ʒuẽ2

Shijing occurrences: 54.2

Character: 旌

Modern (Beijing) reading: jīng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ceŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ceŋ

Western Han Chinese: ceŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: cjeŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjeŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjeŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjeŋ

Middle Chinese: cjeŋ

English meaning : pennon, banner, flag

Russian meaning[s]: 1) знамя, флаг; бунчук; 2) знак отличия; отличать, прославлять

Radical: 70

Four-angle index: 395

Karlgren code: 0812 v

Shijing occurrences: 53.3_

Character: 旎

Modern (Beijing) reading: ni

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0563 e

Character: 晝

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhòu

Preclassic Old Chinese: triws

Classic Old Chinese: triwh

Western Han Chinese: ṭjǝwh

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭǝwh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭìw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭǝ̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭǝ̀w

Middle Chinese: ṭǝ̀w

English meaning : time of daylight, morning, day

Russian meaning[s]: день; днем

Shuowen gloss: 日之出入.與夜為介.從畫省.從日.籀文晝. [117]

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is trú. OC *-iw-s is reconstructed because the word is sometimes written (as a loan) as 調 in Shi.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 39

Karlgren code: 0847 a-d, 1075 a

Vietnamese reading: tru'a

Shijing occurrences: 10.1

Character: 晚

Modern (Beijing) reading: wǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: marʔ

Classic Old Chinese: mán

Western Han Chinese: mán

Eastern Han Chinese: mwán

Early Postclassic Chinese: mwán

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mwǝ́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: mwǝ́n

Middle Chinese: mwǝ́n

English meaning : evening; late [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вечер; поздно; опоздать; 2) поздний (напр. о злаках); 3) младший; 4) пожилой

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is vãn. For *m- cf. Xiamen buan³, Chaozhou, Jianou maŋ³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 7571

Karlgren code: 0222 h

Vietnamese reading: muộn

Jianchuan Bai: me1

Dali Bai: me1

Bijiang Bai: mer1

Character: 晤

Modern (Beijing) reading: wù

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋāks

Classic Old Chinese: ŋāh

Western Han Chinese: ŋāh

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋāh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋṑ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋṑ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋṑ

Middle Chinese: ŋò

English meaning : face to face, opposing each other

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лично увидеться (встретиться); навестить, нанести визит; лично, при личном свидании; 2) понятливый

Comments: Etymology see under 御.

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 1216

Karlgren code: 0058 l

Kan-on: go

Japanese reading: gu;go;au

Character: 晨

Modern (Beijing) reading: chén

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ǝr

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ǝn

Western Han Chinese: d(h)ǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)ǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)in

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)in

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)in

Middle Chinese: ʒ́in

English meaning : early morning before sunrise, morning

Russian meaning[s]: 1) утро; рано; рассвет; 2) Чэнь (созвездие)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 5643

Karlgren code: 0455 h-j

Go-on: zin

Kan-on: sin

Japanese reading: shin;jin;asa;ashita;toki

Character: 晦

Modern (Beijing) reading: huì

English meaning : be dark, obscure

Russian meaning[s]: 1) последний день лунного месяца; 2) темный, мрачный; ночь; 3) несчастливый; зловещий

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 4763

Karlgren code: 0947 t

Character: 晞

Modern (Beijing) reading: xī

Preclassic Old Chinese: hǝj

Classic Old Chinese: hǝj

Western Han Chinese: hǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: hǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: hɨj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hɨj

Late Postclassic Chinese: hɨj

Middle Chinese: xɨj

English meaning : to dry in the morning sunshine

Russian meaning[s]: 1) утренние солнечные лучи; светать; 2) сушить на солнце; 3) таять, исчезать

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 3866

Karlgren code: 0549 c

Character: 曹

Modern (Beijing) reading: cáo

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒū (~ ʒ́-)

Classic Old Chinese: ʒū

Western Han Chinese: ʒǝ̄w

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒǝ̄w

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒǝ̄w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒāw

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒāw

Middle Chinese: ʒâw

English meaning : servants

Russian meaning[s]: 1) компания, группа; формант множественного числа личных местоимений в вэньяне; 2) ист. ведомство, учреждение; ведомственный; 3) Цао (название древнего удела); 4) Цао (фамилия)

Comments: For *ʒ cf. Xiamen co², Fuzhou cɔ² (Chaozhou chau² is probably secondary).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 73

Four-angle index: 1536

Karlgren code: 1053 a-c

Character: 勗

Modern (Beijing) reading: xù

Russian meaning[s]: побуждать; поощрять; подбодрять; возбуждать; стараться

Radical: 19

Four-angle index: 4689

Character: 望

Modern (Beijing) reading: wàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: maŋs

Classic Old Chinese: maŋh

Western Han Chinese: maŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: mwaŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: mwàŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mwàŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: mwàŋ

Middle Chinese: mwàŋ

English meaning : to look at from afar, look for, gaze at

Russian meaning[s]: 1) смотреть вдаль; наблюдать; 2) мечтать, надеяться; 3) слава, репутация; 4) стар. день полнолуния, 15-е число лунного месяца; 5) вм. 往

Comments: Also read *maŋ, MC mwaŋ (FQ 武方) id. Also used for a homonymous *maŋ(s) 'the full moon; name of a sacrifice'. Standard Sino-Viet. is vọng; a more archaic loan is Viet. mong 'to expect, desire'. Viet. mùng, mồng 'first decade of the month' ( = 'full moon') has parallels in Austroasiatic (PAA *mɔŋ 'moon, month') which is probably the source of OC *maŋ(s) 'full moon'. For *m- cf. Min forms: Xiamen bɔŋ⁶, Chaozhou mo⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 74

Four-angle index: 307

Karlgren code: 0742 m-n

Vietnamese reading: mong

Shijing occurrences: 28.1, 28.2, 28.3, 50.2, 58.2