Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 袍

Modern (Beijing) reading: páo

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhū

Classic Old Chinese: bhū

Western Han Chinese: bhǝ̄w

Eastern Han Chinese: bhǝ̄w

Early Postclassic Chinese: bhǝ̄w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhāw

Late Postclassic Chinese: bhāw

Middle Chinese: bâw

English meaning : long robe, tunic

Russian meaning[s]: халат; платье

Comments: Also read *bhū-s, MC bầw 'lapel of coat' (LZ). For *bh cf. Chaozhou phau², Longdu pho².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 145

Four-angle index: 7105

Karlgren code: 1113 i

Character: 袋

Modern (Beijing) reading: dài

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łǝ̄ks

Classic Old Chinese: Łǝ̄h

Western Han Chinese: lǝ̄h

Eastern Han Chinese: lǝ̄h

Early Postclassic Chinese: dǝ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dǝ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: dǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: dʌ̀j

English meaning : bag, sack [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мешок; сумка; кошелек; карман; 2) 煙袋 трубка

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is d_ại; another colloquial loan from the same source is Viet. túi. For *Ł- cf. Fuzhou tɔi⁶; Siam. dhái (*dai).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 145

Four-angle index: 5689

Vietnamese reading: d_ãy

Character: 覓

Modern (Beijing) reading: mì

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhēk (~ -kʷ)

Classic Old Chinese: mhēk

Western Han Chinese: mhēk

Eastern Han Chinese: mhiēk

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhiēk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhiēk

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhiēk

Middle Chinese: miek

English meaning : to seek, hunt for, want to have

Russian meaning[s]: искать, отыскивать

Comments: Viet. mách (there is also a variant méc) is colloquial, with a somewhat modified meaning: 'to sneak'; regular Sino-Viet. is mịch. For *mh cf. Meixian mɛt⁷.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 147

Four-angle index: 7455

Vietnamese reading: mách

Character: 規

Modern (Beijing) reading: guī

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷe

Classic Old Chinese: kwe

Western Han Chinese: kwe

Eastern Han Chinese: kjwe

Early Postclassic Chinese: kjwe

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kjwe

Late Postclassic Chinese: kjwe

Middle Chinese: kjwe

English meaning : a ruler (instrument); rule, plan

Russian meaning[s]: 1) циркуль; 2) норма, правило, образец; 3) установление, порядок; 4) выправлять; 5) планировать; 6) подражать, копировать

Comments: Attested already in Early Zhou bronze inscriptions, but absent in Schüssler's dictionary.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 147

Four-angle index: 7433

Karlgren code: 0875 a

Character: 訪

Modern (Beijing) reading: fǎng

Preclassic Old Chinese: phaŋ(ʔ)s

Classic Old Chinese: phaŋh

Western Han Chinese: phaŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: phwaŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwàŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwàŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwàŋ

Middle Chinese: phwàŋ

English meaning : to enquire, scrutinize, consult

Russian meaning[s]: 1) навещать, посещать; наносить визит; 2) расспрашивать, справляться; доискиваться; 3) совещаться, советоваться

Comments: Most modern dialects reflect an unattested MC form *phwáŋ with rising tone.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 4222

Karlgren code: 0740 t

Character: 訝

Modern (Beijing) reading: yà

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)rās

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)rāh

Western Han Chinese: ŋ(h)rāh

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ(h)rǟh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ạ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ạ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ạ̄̀

Middle Chinese: ŋạ̀

English meaning : meet, receive; astonished [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: изумляться; высказывать изумление (недоверие)

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 3254

Karlgren code: 0037 e

Character: 訣

Modern (Beijing) reading: jué

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷēt

Classic Old Chinese: kwēt

Western Han Chinese: kwjāt

Eastern Han Chinese: kwiāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwiēt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwiēt

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwiēt

Middle Chinese: kwiet

English meaning : farewell words [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) разлука; расставание; прощание; 2) секрет; секретное средство (метод); заговор, заклятье

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 5086

Karlgren code: 0312 e

Character: 訥

Modern (Beijing) reading: nè

Preclassic Old Chinese: n(h)ūt

Classic Old Chinese: n(h)wǝ̄t

Western Han Chinese: n(h)wǝ̄t

Eastern Han Chinese: n(h)wǝ̄t

Early Postclassic Chinese: n(h)wǝ̄t

Middle Postclassic Chinese: n(h)wǝ̄t

Late Postclassic Chinese: n(h)wǝ̄t

Middle Chinese: not

English meaning : inarticulate, illiterate [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: быть медлительным в речи, запинаться; заика; косноязычный; [nà] см. 吶

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is nột; initial d- in the colloquial reading is not quite clear.

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 3959

Karlgren code: 0695 j

Vietnamese reading: dốt

Character: 許

Modern (Beijing) reading: xǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: sŋaʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ̥á

Western Han Chinese: ŋ̥á

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ̥á

Early Postclassic Chinese: hó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hó

Late Postclassic Chinese: hó

Middle Chinese: xö́

English meaning : to promise, confirm, permit; quantity

Russian meaning[s]: 1) разрешить, позволить; допустить; 2) обещать; 3) надеяться, чаять, ожидать; 4) помолвить, просватать; 5) вероятно, по всей вероятности; может быть; 6) столько-то; с чем-то, с лишком; излишек; 7) очень, весьма; 8) Сюй (фамилия); [hǔ] э-эх! (коллективный трудовой возглас)

Comments: Also read *sŋāʔ, MC xó, Mand. hǔ in an onomatopoeic reduplication *sŋāʔ-sŋāʔ 'some k. of sound'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 2388

Karlgren code: 0060 i-j

Vietnamese reading: hú'a

Shijing occurrences: 54.3

Character: 設

Modern (Beijing) reading: shè

Preclassic Old Chinese: slet (~ ƛ-, ~ h-, ~ sŋ-)

Classic Old Chinese: l̥et

Western Han Chinese: l̥jat

Eastern Han Chinese: śat

Early Postclassic Chinese: śet

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śet

Late Postclassic Chinese: śet

Middle Chinese: śet

English meaning : to set up, establish

Russian meaning[s]: 1) учредить, основать; 2) устроить, установить, приготовить; расставить; поставить (западню); 3) поставить вопрос; предложить; 4) приготовить, быть наготове; 5) поставить угощение; угощение; 6) если предположим, что...; если бы...; если бы, например...

Comments: One of the later meanings is 'to entertain (guests)'. Standard Sino-Viet. is thiết.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 6117

Karlgren code: 0290 a

Vietnamese reading: thết

Shijing occurrences: 43.3

Character: 訟

Modern (Beijing) reading: sòng

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhoŋ

Classic Old Chinese: lhoŋ

Western Han Chinese: lhoŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: zhoŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhoŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhoŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhoŋ

Middle Chinese: zjöuŋ

English meaning : to quarrel, litigate, sue

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тяжба; судиться; спорить; 2) обвинять; 3) публичный, открытый; 4) воспевать, прославлять, вм. 頌

Comments: Also read *lhoŋ-s, MC zjö̀uŋ (FQ 似用) id. (whence the modern reading).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 8651

Karlgren code: 1190 b-c

Shijing occurrences: 17.3_

Character: 訛

Modern (Beijing) reading: é

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)ōj

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)wāj

Western Han Chinese: ŋ(h)wāj

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ(h)wǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)wā

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)wā

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)wā

Middle Chinese: ŋwâ

English meaning : move; change; false; act, work

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0019 e

Character: 訢

Modern (Beijing) reading: xīn

Russian meaning[s]: радость, удовольствие, вм. 欣; [xī] подниматься (о парах)

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 1985

Karlgren code: 0443 k

Character: 豉

Modern (Beijing) reading: shì

Russian meaning[s]: продукты и приправы из бобов; бобовый, соевый

Radical: 151

Four-angle index: 6060

Character: 豚

Modern (Beijing) reading: tún

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhūn

Classic Old Chinese: Łhwǝ̄n

Western Han Chinese: Łhwǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: lhwǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhwǝ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhwǝ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhwǝ̄n

Middle Chinese: don

English meaning : young pig

Russian meaning[s]: поросенок

Comments: Viet. lọ'n is an archaic loanword; regular Sino-Viet. is d_ồn. For *Łh- cf. Xiamen thun², Chaozhou thuŋ², Fuzhou thoŋ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 152

Four-angle index: 5572

Karlgren code: 0428 a-c

Vietnamese reading: lọ'n

Character: 販

Modern (Beijing) reading: fàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: p(l)anʔs

Classic Old Chinese: panh

Western Han Chinese: panh

Eastern Han Chinese: pwanh

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwàn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwǝ̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwǝ̀n

Middle Chinese: pwǝ̀n

English meaning : to trade, barter [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: торговать с лотка, выносить на продажу; заниматься перепродажей; спекулировать, барышничать

Comments: Derived from 反 *p(l)anʔ 'to change' q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 5969

Karlgren code: 0262 f

Go-on: hon

Kan-on: han

Japanese reading: han;hisagu;akinau

Character: 責

Modern (Beijing) reading: zé zhài

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćrēk ćrēks

Classic Old Chinese: crēk

Western Han Chinese: c̣ēk

Eastern Han Chinese: c̣iēk

Early Postclassic Chinese: c̣iẹ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: c̣iẹ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: c̣iẹ̄k

Middle Chinese: c̣ạik c̣ạ̈̀

English meaning : to request, reprove, hold responsible

Russian meaning[s]: 1) нести ответственность, отвечать за...; ответственность, обязанность; 2) призывать к ответу, спрашивать с..., взыскивать; 3) требовать; 4) допрашивать, выпытывать; 5) упрекать, укорять, бранить; 6) наказывать плетьми, пороть; [zhài] уст. вм. 債

Comments: Also read *ćrēk-s, MC c̣ạ̈̀, Mand. zhài 'debt'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 7930

Karlgren code: 0868 m-n

Vietnamese reading: trách

Character: 貫

Modern (Beijing) reading: guàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷān

Classic Old Chinese: kwān

Western Han Chinese: kwān

Eastern Han Chinese: kwān

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwān

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwān

Middle Chinese: kwân

English meaning : to go through the center of, to string; intimate with; to serve; tightly bound together

Russian meaning[s]: 1) веревка для нанизывания монет; связка монет из 1000 чохов; 2) нанизать; пронизать; попасть (напр. стрелой); просверлить, проткнуть насквозь; 3) осознать, постичь; 4) один за другим, последовательно; подряд, кряду; 5) списки населения; место происхождения (прописки); 6) дело, служба; порядок, правила; 7) привыкнуть, см. 慣; 8) яп. кан (мера веса в 3,75 кг); 9) Гуань (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *kʷān-s, MC kwần, Mand. àn id. Since Han the word is also used to denote a bundle of stringed coins, whence the meaning 'coin' in modern dialects. Another rather recent meaning is 'string of documents' > 'document concerning the place of birth', 'native place'. A reading attested since LZ is *kʷrān-s, MC kwạ̀n, Pek. àn 'be familiar, used to; usage' (later written as 慣).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 7986

Karlgren code: 0159 c

Vietnamese reading: quan

Character: 貨

Modern (Beijing) reading: huò

Preclassic Old Chinese: sŋōjs

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ̥wājh

Western Han Chinese: ŋ̥wājh

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ̥wǟh

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwā̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwā̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwā̀

Middle Chinese: xwầ

English meaning : property, goods, riches, wares; bribe, bribery

Russian meaning[s]: 1) товар, груз; 2) богатство; 3) продавать; 4) давать взятку; взятка; 5) Хо (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 8044

Karlgren code: 0019 c

Character: 貪

Modern (Beijing) reading: tān

Preclassic Old Chinese: srhǝ̄m

Classic Old Chinese: r̥ǝ̄m

Western Han Chinese: r̥ǝ̄m

Eastern Han Chinese: r̥ǝ̄m

Early Postclassic Chinese: thǝ̄m

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thǝ̄m

Late Postclassic Chinese: thǝ̄m

Middle Chinese: thʌm

English meaning : be covetous, greedy

Russian meaning[s]: 1) жадный, алчный, корыстолюбивый, ненасытный; 2) страстно желать, жаждать; позариться на...; 3) разузнавать, прощупывать, см. 探

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 8008

Karlgren code: 0645 a

Vietnamese reading: tham