Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 貧

Modern (Beijing) reading: pín

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhrǝn

Classic Old Chinese: bhrǝn

Western Han Chinese: bhrǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: bhrǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: bhin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhin

Late Postclassic Chinese: bhin

Middle Chinese: bin

English meaning : be poor

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бедный; бедность, нужда; 2) недостаточность; недостаточный; 3) подлый; вульгарный; 4) я (монах о себе)

Comments: For OC *bh- cf. Chaozhou phiŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 8031

Karlgren code: 0471 v

Vietnamese reading: bần

Shijing occurrences: 40.1_, 58.4_

Character: 赧

Modern (Beijing) reading: nǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: nrānʔ

Classic Old Chinese: nrā́n

Western Han Chinese: ṇā́n

Eastern Han Chinese: ṇā́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṇạ̄́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṇạ̄́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṇạ̄́n

Middle Chinese: ṇạ́n

English meaning : to become red (from shame etc.) [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: краснеть от стыда, стыдиться

Comments: For *n- cf. Fuzhou, Jianou naŋ³. Possibly related (with *-n-suffixation) to 怩 *nrǝj 'ashamed' (in the reduplication 忸怩 *nru-nrǝj) q.v.

Radical: 155

Four-angle index: 5958

Karlgren code: 0216 b

Go-on: nen

Kan-on: dan

Japanese reading: dan;tan;nen;akarameru

Character: 赦

Modern (Beijing) reading: shè

Preclassic Old Chinese: hiaks

Classic Old Chinese: hiah

Western Han Chinese: hiah

Eastern Han Chinese: hjäh

Early Postclassic Chinese: hjà

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hjà

Late Postclassic Chinese: hjà

Middle Chinese: śà

English meaning : to reduce a penalty, to pardon, let off

Russian meaning[s]: 1) амнистия; пощадить; пощада; простить, освободить, помиловать; 2) Шэ (фамилия)

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is xá.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 155

Four-angle index: 6255

Karlgren code: 0793 d

Vietnamese reading: tha

Character: 趾

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tǝ́

Western Han Chinese: tǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćɨ́

Middle Chinese: ćɨ́

English meaning : foot

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пальцы (на ногах); стопа; 2) нога; копыто; 3) следы ног; перен., поэт. стопы; 4) фундамент, базис, вм. 阯, 址

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 157

Four-angle index: 471

Karlgren code: 0961 g

Go-on: si

Kan-on: si

Japanese reading: shi;ashi;ato

Shijing occurrences: 11.1_

Character: 趺

Modern (Beijing) reading: fū

Preclassic Old Chinese: po

Classic Old Chinese: po

Western Han Chinese: pwa

Eastern Han Chinese: pwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwo

Middle Chinese: pü

English meaning : back side of foot [Jin]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) поджать под себя ноги; 2) см. 跗

Comments: A late graphic variant of 跗 q.v.

Radical: 157

Four-angle index: 5064

Go-on: fu

Kan-on: fu

Japanese reading: fu;ashi

Character: 軛

Modern (Beijing) reading: è

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔrēk

Classic Old Chinese: ʔrēk

Western Han Chinese: ʔrēk

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔriēk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔiẹ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔiẹ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔiẹ̄k

Middle Chinese: ʔạik

English meaning : yoke [L. Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: ярмо, хомут

Comments: = 厄, 扼.

Radical: 159

Four-angle index: 7056

Karlgren code: 0844 d-e

Go-on: yaku

Kan-on: aku

Japanese reading: aku;yaku;kubiki

Jianchuan Bai: -ne7

Dali Bai: -le7

Bijiang Bai: -li1-

Character: 軟

Modern (Beijing) reading: ruǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: norʔ

Classic Old Chinese: nón

Western Han Chinese: nón

Eastern Han Chinese: ńón

Early Postclassic Chinese: ńón

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńón

Late Postclassic Chinese: ńón

Middle Chinese: ńwén

English meaning : soft, weak [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мягкий; эластичный; 2) ласковый, добрый; уступчивый; 3) мягкотелый, слабый; нежный; обмякнуть, стать слабым

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is nhuyễn. For *n- cf. Xiamen nŋ³, Chaozhou nɨŋ³, Fuzhou nuoŋ³, Jianou nüiŋ³.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 159

Four-angle index: 4811

Karlgren code: 0238 b

Vietnamese reading: nhũn

Character: 這

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhè

Russian meaning[s]: это, этот

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6460

Character: 逍

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiāo

English meaning : used in 逍遙 "be at ease, take one's ease"

Russian meaning[s]: бродить, шататься, странствовать; беззаботный, свободный

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6535

Karlgren code: 1149 m

Character: 通

Modern (Beijing) reading: tōng

Preclassic Old Chinese: slōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: l̥ōŋ

Western Han Chinese: l̥ōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥ōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: thōŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thōŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: thwōŋ

Middle Chinese: thuŋ

English meaning : to penetrate, pass through, communicate

Russian meaning[s]: 1) доводить до (о дороге); связываться, сообщаться; проезжий; 2) проходить сквозь; пропускать; проникать; сквозной; насквозь; ходячий, находящийся в обращении; 3) понять; постигнуть, познать; проницательный; сведущий, опытный; эрудированный, развитой; 4) установить отношения, дружить; вступить в связь, сойтись; 5) ставить в известность, уведомлять; 6) весь, целый; общий, всеобщий; циркулярный; 7) успешный; благополучный, счастливый; весело, легко; 8) развитой; процветающий; 9) раз; 10) Тун (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6536

Karlgren code: 1185 r-s

Character: 逗

Modern (Beijing) reading: dòu

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ōs

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ōh

Western Han Chinese: d(h)wāh

Eastern Han Chinese: d(h)wāh

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ṑw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄̀w

Middle Chinese: dʌ̀w

English meaning : to stop, linger [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) останавливаться; задерживаться; откладывать; медлить, оставаться; ждать; 2) идти окольным путем; увиливать, избегать; 3) завлекать, соблазнять; возбуждать; 4) фраза, вм. 讀

Comments: A probable loan from the same source is Viet. d_ỗ 'to stop; to perch, alight'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6454

Vietnamese reading: d_ậu

Character: 連

Modern (Beijing) reading: lián

Preclassic Old Chinese: ran

Classic Old Chinese: ran

Western Han Chinese: ran

Eastern Han Chinese: ran

Early Postclassic Chinese: len

Middle Postclassic Chinese: len

Late Postclassic Chinese: len

Middle Chinese: len

English meaning : go one after another

Russian meaning[s]: 1) соединяться; соприкасаться, примыкать; связываться; связь, отношение; 2) следовать беспрерывно; сплошной; непрерывный; поточный; подряд, кряду; 3) воен. рота, батарея, эскадрон; 4) древн. трудный; 5) служебное слово, оформляет дополнение, вынесенное на место впереди глагола; 6) даже; 7) вместе с...; и; а также; 8) Лянь (фамилия)

Comments: Also written as 漣 (with a narrowed meaning: 'be dripping continuously'). Standard Sino-Viet. is liên. For *r- cf. Xiamen lĩ², Chaozhou, Fuzhou lieŋ², Jianou liŋ². The original reading of the character was *ranʔ "a k. of carriage" (= 輦 q.v.; MC lén, Pek. liǎn), attested in LZ.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6512

Karlgren code: 0213 a

Vietnamese reading: liền

Shijing occurrences: 58.2_

Character: 速

Modern (Beijing) reading: sù

Preclassic Old Chinese: sōk

Classic Old Chinese: sōk

Western Han Chinese: sōk

Eastern Han Chinese: sōk

Early Postclassic Chinese: sōk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sōk

Late Postclassic Chinese: swōk

Middle Chinese: suk

English meaning : to urge, invite

Russian meaning[s]: 1) скоро; скорый, ускоренный, поспешный; ускорять, торопить; скорость; 2) звать, приглашать

Comments: Also means 'rapid, quick' - a meaning obviously related to 'urge' and probably original ('urge' < 'hasten'), but attested only since Late Zhou.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6574

Karlgren code: 1222 i-j

Shijing occurrences: 17.2, 17.3

Character: 逝

Modern (Beijing) reading: shì

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ats

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ać

Western Han Chinese: d(h)aś

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)aś

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)eś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)èj

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)èj

Middle Chinese: ʒ́èj

English meaning : to go, go away, pass; come to the point that

Russian meaning[s]: 1) уходить, проходить; покидать; 2) умереть, скончаться

Comments: Occasionally written as 噬 in Shijing.

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6489

Karlgren code: 0287 m

Shijing occurrences: 29.1, 29.2, 35.3, 44.2_

Character: 逐

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhú

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhuk

Classic Old Chinese: Łhuk

Western Han Chinese: Łhǝuk

Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝuk

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhɨuk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhuk

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhuk

Middle Chinese: ḍük

English meaning : to pursue (animals, not men)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) следовать за..., преследовать; гнаться за...; гоняться; наперегонки; 2) изгонять; изгнание; ссылка; 3) один за другим, последовательно

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6580

Karlgren code: 1022 a-c

Vietnamese reading: trục

Character: 逕

Modern (Beijing) reading: jìng

English meaning : perhaps: for a long time

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тропинка, пешеходная дорожка; 2) ближайший путь; идти напрямик; прямо, напрямик; 3) сразу, на месте

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6449

Karlgren code: 0831 i

Character: 逞

Modern (Beijing) reading: chěng

Russian meaning[s]: 1) своевольничать; делать по-своему; 2) получить удовлетворение; удволетворить; быть довольным; 3) демонстрировать; показывать; хвастаться, щеголять (чем-л.); 4) до конца, в полной мере; 5) освободиться (от чего-л.); разрешить

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6452

Karlgren code: 0835 x

Character: 造

Modern (Beijing) reading: zào

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒhūʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ʒhū́

Western Han Chinese: ʒhǝ̄́w

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒhǝ̄́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒhǝ̄́w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒhā́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒhā́w

Middle Chinese: ʒấw

English meaning : to make, do, act; construct

Russian meaning[s]: 1) создавать, творить; строить, устанавливать; делать; изготовлять, фабриковать; учреждать; 2) сторона (на суде); 3) эпоха, период; время; 4) торопиться; торопливый, поспешный; 5) положить начало, начать; начало; 6) подделывать; фальсифицировать; [zào cào] 1) идти к..., направляться; посетить; 2) достижения, успехи

Comments: Also (with consonant alternation and suffix): *chūʔ-s > *shūʔ-s (MC châẁ, Mand. cào) 'to come, arrive, appear'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6461

Karlgren code: 1051 a-c

Vietnamese reading: tạo

Character: 透

Modern (Beijing) reading: tòu

Preclassic Old Chinese: sl(h)ōs

Classic Old Chinese: (s)l̥ōh

Western Han Chinese: (s)l̥wāh

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥wāh

Early Postclassic Chinese: thṑw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thǝ̄̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: thǝ̄̀w

Middle Chinese: thʌ̀w

English meaning : to penetrate, pass through [Sui]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пройти насквозь, пронизать; проникнуть до конца (повсюду); 2) обнаруживать, проявлять; передавать сведения; разглашать; гласный; повсюду; 3) просвечивать насквозь; 4) до конца; крайне, в высшей степени

Comments: The earliest attestation is during Han time (in Fangyan) for a word *slo, MC śü, Mand. shū 'afraid, scared'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6564

Vietnamese reading: thấu

Character: 逢

Modern (Beijing) reading: féng

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(r)oŋ

Classic Old Chinese: b(r)oŋ

Western Han Chinese: b(r)oŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: b(r)oŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: boŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: boŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: boŋ

Middle Chinese: böuŋ

English meaning : be great; to meet with; as peng 2 "be going peng-peng (sound of drum)"

Russian meaning[s]: 1) встретиться; натолкнуться; 2) происходить, случаться; 3) когда бы ни...; всякий раз, как...; 4) большой, обширный; [péng] бум-бум (звукоподражание барабанному бою)

Comments: Cf. 封 *poŋ. Viet. phồng is a colloquial reading (and, since it means 'to bulge, to swell', quite probably expressive and not borrowed from Chin.); standard Sino-Viet. is phùng (having all the Chinese meanings, but also 'to swell, bulge'). The character already in Shijing has a second reading *bhōŋ, MC buŋ 'sound of drum' (for *bh cf. Fuzhou phuŋ²).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6508

Karlgren code: 1197 o-q

Go-on: bu

Kan-on: hou

Japanese reading: bu;hō;au

Vietnamese reading: phồng

Shijing occurrences: 26.2