Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 陴

Modern (Beijing) reading: pí

Russian meaning[s]: парапет (на стене)

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 2282

Karlgren code: 0874 i-j

Character: 陶

Modern (Beijing) reading: táo

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhū

Classic Old Chinese: Łhū

Western Han Chinese: Łhǝ̄w

Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝ̄w

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhāw

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhāw

Middle Chinese: dâw

English meaning : pottery, mould; to mould

Russian meaning[s]: 1) керамика, гончарные изделия; обжигать; 2) перен. перевоспитывать, просвещать; 3) грустные думы; 4) радостно, весело; 5) Тао (фамилия)

Comments: For *Łh- cf. Chaozhou thau². Viet. lu 'large earthenware jar' is an archaic loanword; regular Sino-Viet. is d_ầo. Also read *Ław, MC jew, mod. yáo "be happy, merry".

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 4307

Karlgren code: 1047 d

Vietnamese reading: lu

Character: 陷

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)rǝ̄ms

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)rǝ̄mh

Western Han Chinese: grǝ̄mh (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: grǝ̄mh (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̣̄̀m (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: giǝ̣̄̀m (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: giǝ̣̄̀m (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣạ̈̀m

English meaning : to dig a pit; fall into a pit, get trapped

Russian meaning[s]: 1) упасть в яму, провалиться; погрузиться; обрушиться; 2) занять, оккупировать; оккупированный; пасть (о крепости); 3) погубить; запутать; 4) волчья яма; западня; 5) 30-е число (в телеграммах)

Comments: A later meaning is 'to entrap' > 'to besiege, occupy, harass etc.'. In Viet. cf. also (perhaps as colloquial loanwords) ho`m 'very deep'; hõm 'deep-set, hollow'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 1042

Karlgren code: 0672 c-d

Vietnamese reading: hãm

Character: 陬

Modern (Beijing) reading: zōu

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćō

Classic Old Chinese: cō

Western Han Chinese: cwā

Eastern Han Chinese: cwā

Early Postclassic Chinese: cōw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄w

Middle Chinese: cʌw

English meaning : angle, corner [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) окраина, захолустье; уединенный уголок; уединенный; 2) собираться вместе; жить вместе; 3) подошва горы; 4) первый лунный месяц, январь

Comments: Also read *ćo, MC cjü, Pek. jū id.

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 5921

Karlgren code: 0131 l

Character: 雀

Modern (Beijing) reading: què

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćekʷ

Classic Old Chinese: ceuk

Western Han Chinese: cjauk

Eastern Han Chinese: cjauk

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjauk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjak

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjak

Middle Chinese: cjak

English meaning : sparrow

Russian meaning[s]: воробей (Passer montanus); пташка

Comments: For OC *c- and -a- can also be reconstructed (there are no rhymes and hsieh-sheng connections for the word) - but the reconstruction *ćekʷ seems preferable because the word is written as 爵 (*ćekʷ) in Late Chou. Initial q- in Mandarin is unclear. The regular Sino-Viet. reflex is tu'ó'c; chóc is used in the compound chim chóc 'birds' (note that 雀 is also used as a general name for all small birds in Early Chinese).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 172

Four-angle index: 950

Karlgren code: 1122 a-b

Vietnamese reading: chóc

Jianchuan Bai: co6

Dali Bai: co6

Bijiang Bai: co6

Shijing occurrences: 17.2

Character: 雪

Modern (Beijing) reading: xuě

Preclassic Old Chinese: sot (~ slh-, ~ snh-)

Classic Old Chinese: swat

Western Han Chinese: swat

Eastern Han Chinese: sjwat

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjwet

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjwet

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjwet

Middle Chinese: sjwet

English meaning : snow

Comments: A later meaning (since LZ) is 'wash, bathe'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0297 a-b

Vietnamese reading: tuyết

Jianchuan Bai: sui6

Dali Bai: sue6

Bijiang Bai: sue6

Shijing occurrences: 41.1, 41.2

Character: 雩

Modern (Beijing) reading: yú

Preclassic Old Chinese: w(h)a

Classic Old Chinese: w(h)a

Western Han Chinese: w(h)a

Eastern Han Chinese: w(h)a

Early Postclassic Chinese: w(h)o

Middle Postclassic Chinese: w(h)o

Late Postclassic Chinese: w(h)o

Middle Chinese: ɦü

English meaning : pray for rain [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: летнее моление о дожде

Radical: 173

Four-angle index: 4450

Karlgren code: 0097 q-s

Character: 章

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: taŋ

Classic Old Chinese: taŋ

Western Han Chinese: taŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ćaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćaŋ

Middle Chinese: ćaŋ

English meaning : be splendid; to display; emblem, insignium

Russian meaning[s]: 1) глава; 2) статья; литературное произведение; докладная записка; 3) музыкальная пьеса; 4) знак, значок; орден; герб; 5) печать; 6) порядок; регламент; правила; устав; уставной; форменный; 7) ясный, явный; проявить; 8) разукрашенный, яркий; красивый; 9) Чжан (фамилия)

Comments: Used later mostly with the meaning 'chapter (of a book)' ( < 'emblem, insignium').

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 117

Four-angle index: 2239

Karlgren code: 0723 a-d

Go-on: siyau

Kan-on: siyau

Japanese reading: shō;aya;shirushi;akiraka

Vietnamese reading: chu'o'ng

Character: 竟

Modern (Beijing) reading: jìng

English meaning : come to an end, entirely

Russian meaning[s]: 1) в конце концов; конец, итог; окончательно, совершенно; 2) окончить, закончить; довести до конца; 3) расследовать; вникнуть до конца; 4) конец, предел; граница, вм. 境; 5) до конца; так и...; в вэньяне перед сказуемым часто указывает длительность действия; 6) все-таки, несмотря ни на что; только и...

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 117

Four-angle index: 7403

Karlgren code: 0752 a

Character: 頂

Modern (Beijing) reading: dǐng

Preclassic Old Chinese: tēŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tḗŋ

Western Han Chinese: tḗŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: tiḗŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: tiḗŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tiḗŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: tiḗŋ

Middle Chinese: tíeŋ

English meaning : top of head; top, summit

Russian meaning[s]: 1) макушка головы; вершина, верхушка; крыша; нести на голове; 2) шарик на шапке чиновника; счетный суффикс шапок и паланкинов; 3) в высшей степени, весьма, крайне; 4) нагнуть голову; бить лбом; подставить лоб (напр. ветру); отражать, давать отпор; 5) подпирать, поддерживать; 6) впереди; 7) раньше, до; 8) подменять, подставлять

Comments: Not in Schüssler's dictionary (although attested already in Yijing).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 181

Four-angle index: 8091

Karlgren code: 0833 e

Vietnamese reading: d_i`nh

Character: 頃

Modern (Beijing) reading: qǐng

Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷeŋ

Classic Old Chinese: khweŋ

Western Han Chinese: khweŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: khjweŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: khjweŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khjweŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: khjweŋ

Middle Chinese: khjweŋ

English meaning : be slanting, oblique

Russian meaning[s]: 1) короткий промежуток времени, момент; только что; 2) цин (мера земли в 100 му, около 6,67 га); [qīng] наклонный, косой, вм. 傾

Shuowen gloss: 頭不正也.從匕頁. [385]

Comments: In earliest texts (as well as according to the Shuowen definition) identical to 傾 *khʷeŋ q.v. Since Late Zhou the character was used also for *khʷeŋʔ (MC khjwéŋ, FQ 去穎) 'a short moment of time' (since Han also for a homonymous *khʷeŋʔ 'measure of land' - about 6.67 hectars).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 181

Four-angle index: 8119

Karlgren code: 0828 a

Shijing occurrences: 3.1, 20.3

Character: 魚

Modern (Beijing) reading: yú

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋha

Classic Old Chinese: ŋha

Western Han Chinese: ŋha

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋha

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋho

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋho

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋho

Middle Chinese: ŋö

English meaning : fish

Russian meaning[s]: 1) рыба; рыбный; рыбий; 2) рыболовство, рыбное дело; рыболовный; 3) обр. письмо; 4) 6-е число (в телеграммах); 5) Юй (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 水蟲也.象形.魚尾與燕尾相似.凡魚之屬皆從魚. [575]

Comments: For *ŋh- cf. Xiamen hi², Chaozhou hɨ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 195

Four-angle index: 8577

Karlgren code: 0079 a-f

Vietnamese reading: ngu'

Jianchuan Bai: ŋü4

Dali Bai: ŋü5

Bijiang Bai: ŋü4

Shijing occurrences: 10.3, 43.3

Character: 鳥

Modern (Beijing) reading: niǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: tīwʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tī́w

Western Han Chinese: tjǝ̄́w

Eastern Han Chinese: tiǝ̄́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: tiḗw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tiḗw

Late Postclassic Chinese: tiḗw

Middle Chinese: tíew

English meaning : bird

Russian meaning[s]: птица; птичий; птичий полет; в форме птицы, птицеобразный

Shuowen gloss: 長尾禽總名也.鳥之足以匕.從匕.凡鳥之屬皆從鳥.

Comments: Initial n- in Mand. is quite enigmatic.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 196

Four-angle index: 4490

Karlgren code: 1116 a

Vietnamese reading: d_iê`u

Shijing occurrences: 2.1, 32.4

Character: 鹵

Modern (Beijing) reading: lǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: rhāʔ

Classic Old Chinese: rhā́

Western Han Chinese: rhā́

Eastern Han Chinese: rhā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: lhṓ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lhṓ

Late Postclassic Chinese: lhṓ

Middle Chinese: ló

English meaning : salt; salty (e. g. land) [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) солончаки; соленые колодцы (водоемы); 2) рассол; 3) грубый, неотесанный; небрежный; 4) негодный; 5) тупой, глупый, вм. 魯; 6) захватывать (уводить) в плен, см. 虜

Comments: For *rh- cf. Xiamen lɔ⁶, Fuzhou lo⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 197

Four-angle index: 1918

Karlgren code: 0071 a-b

Character: 鹿

Modern (Beijing) reading: lù

Preclassic Old Chinese: rōk

Classic Old Chinese: rōk

Western Han Chinese: rōk

Eastern Han Chinese: rōk

Early Postclassic Chinese: lōk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lōk

Late Postclassic Chinese: lwōk

Middle Chinese: luk

English meaning : sika deer; deer in general

Russian meaning[s]: 1) олень (Cervus sika); 2) императорская власть; 3) амбар, склад; 4) Лу (фамилия)

Comments: For *r cf. Xiamen lɔk⁸, Fuzhou löük⁸, Jianou lu⁸ (Chaozhou tek⁸ is quite irregular).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 198

Four-angle index: 6937

Karlgren code: 1209 a-d

Vietnamese reading: lộc

Shijing occurrences: 23.2_

Character: 麥

Modern (Beijing) reading: mài

Preclassic Old Chinese: mrǝ̄k

Classic Old Chinese: mrǝ̄k

Western Han Chinese: mrǝ̄k

Eastern Han Chinese: mrǝ̄k

Early Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̣̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: miǝ̣̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: miǝ̣̄k

Middle Chinese: mạik

English meaning : wheat, barley

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пшеница, хлебные злаки; 2) Май (фамилия)

Comments: For *m- cf. Xiamen beʔ⁸, Chaozhou beʔ⁸, Fuzhou mak⁸, Jianou ma⁸. Possibly an Altaic loanword: cf. PA *mi̯urgu id.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 199

Four-angle index: 6279

Karlgren code: 0932 a-c

Jianchuan Bai: mɨ6

Dali Bai: mɨ6

Bijiang Bai: mɨ6

Shijing occurrences: 48.2_, 54.4_

Character: 麻

Modern (Beijing) reading: má

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhrāj

Classic Old Chinese: mhrāj

Western Han Chinese: mhrāj

Eastern Han Chinese: mhrǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhạ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhạ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhạ̄

Middle Chinese: mạ

English meaning : hemp (Cannabis sativa)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) конопля; пакля; лен; кунжут; гашиш; 2) одурманиться; онемение; оцепенеть; паралич; 3) рябины, оспины; 4) 6-е число (в телеграммах); 5) Ма (фамилия)

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is ma. For *mh- cf. Shaowu mai⁷.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 200

Four-angle index: 6914

Karlgren code: 0017 a-b

Go-on: me

Kan-on: ba

Japanese reading: ma+;asa+

Vietnamese reading: mè

Character: 傍

Modern (Beijing) reading: páng

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: bhāŋ

Western Han Chinese: bhāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: bhāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bhāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bhāŋ

Middle Chinese: bâŋ

English meaning : side [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бок, сторона, обочина; сбоку; 2) ключ [иероглифа]; 3) близиться, приближаться к...; дело идет к (напр. к вечеру), вм. 旁; 4) опираться; 5) посторонний; чужой; другой, вм. 旁; 6) Пан (фамилия)

Comments: For *bh- cf. Min forms: Chaozhou phaŋ2, Longdu phoŋ2. There is also a derived reading *bhāŋ-s, MC bầŋ (FQ 蒲浪), Pek. bàng 'to come to the side, to approach'. Min dialects seem in this case to reflect a variant *bhāŋʔ (Fuzhou phauŋ6 - from *bhāŋ-s normally *phauŋ5 would be expected). See also 旁.

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 4242

Karlgren code: 0740 |m ́

Character: 傅

Modern (Beijing) reading: fù

Preclassic Old Chinese: p(r)as

Classic Old Chinese: p(r)ah

Western Han Chinese: p(r)ah

Eastern Han Chinese: p(r)wah

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwò

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwò

Middle Chinese: pǜ

English meaning : assist, assistant

Russian meaning[s]: 1) учитель, наставник; учить; 2) помогать, поддерживать; 3) приближаться; примыкать; близкий, вм. 附; 4) накладывать (краску); 5) Фу (фамилия)

Comments: Also used for *b(r)a-s (MC bǜ, Pek. fù) 'reach to, come to; close to, approach'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3190

Karlgren code: 0102 |u ́

Character: 備

Modern (Beijing) reading: bèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: brǝʔs

Classic Old Chinese: brǝh

Western Han Chinese: brǝh

Eastern Han Chinese: brǝh

Early Postclassic Chinese: bɨ̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bìj

Late Postclassic Chinese: bì

Middle Chinese: bì

English meaning : be ready, complete, perfect, ample

Russian meaning[s]: 1) подготовить, приготовить, иметь наготове; быть готовым; запасти; готовый; полный; полностью; совершенный; 2) детальный, подробный; 3) предупреждать, предотвращать; 4) для, ради

Comments: For *b- cf. Xiamen, Jianou pi⁶, Fuzhou pe⁶, Chaozhou pi⁴.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3628