Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 喉

Modern (Beijing) reading: hóu

Preclassic Old Chinese: gh(r)ō

Classic Old Chinese: gh(r)ō

Western Han Chinese: ɣwā

Eastern Han Chinese: ɣwā

Early Postclassic Chinese: ɣōw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ɣǝ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: ɣǝ̄w

Middle Chinese: ɣʌw

English meaning : throat

Russian meaning[s]: гортань, горло; глотка

Comments: For OC *gh- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou au².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 5047

Karlgren code: 0113 f

Jianchuan Bai: ku7-

Dali Bai: ku7-

Bijiang Bai: -qü7

Character: 喫

Modern (Beijing) reading: chī

Preclassic Old Chinese: khēk

Classic Old Chinese: khēk

Western Han Chinese: khēk

Eastern Han Chinese: khiēk

Early Postclassic Chinese: khiēk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khiēk

Late Postclassic Chinese: khiēk

Middle Chinese: khiek

English meaning : to eat, drink, swallow [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: вм. 吃

Comments: Karlgren gives a LZ reading *khrāts (MC khạ̀j) 'energetic' - very dubious and not attested elsewhere. The reading *khēk is attested since Han; modern chĭ is quite irregular.

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 4930

Karlgren code: 0279 h

Character: 喙

Modern (Beijing) reading: huì

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)ots

Classic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)wać

Western Han Chinese: l̥waś (~ ƛh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥waś

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwaś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̀j

Middle Chinese: xwǝ̀j

English meaning : to pant

Russian meaning[s]: клюв; морда

Comments: Used for a homonymous word meaning "snout" in LZ. The MC reading xwǝ̀j is irregular, as is the alternative MC reading ćhwèj (Pek. chùi); we would rather expect MC śwèj ( < *ƛot-s) or ṭhwèj ( < *ƛhot-s).

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 5600

Karlgren code: 0171 i

Character: 圍

Modern (Beijing) reading: wéi

Preclassic Old Chinese: wǝj

Classic Old Chinese: wǝj

Western Han Chinese: wǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: wǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: wɨj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wɨj

Late Postclassic Chinese: wɨj

Middle Chinese: wɨj

English meaning : a section of the realm

Russian meaning[s]: 1) окружать; осаждать; обхват; охват; вокруг; со всех сторон; обойти кругом; 2) облава; осада; 3) ловля (зверей); 4) мерка (для измерения окружности); 5) полог (над постелью)

Comments: Later more widely used in the general meaning 'to surround, encircle'.Standard Sino-Viet. is vi. For *w cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou, Fuzhou ui².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 31

Four-angle index: 1848

Karlgren code: 0571 g

Vietnamese reading: vây

Character: 堯

Modern (Beijing) reading: yáo

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋēw

Classic Old Chinese: ŋēw

Western Han Chinese: ŋjāw

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋiāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋiēw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋiēw

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋiēw

Middle Chinese: ŋiew

English meaning : proper name

Russian meaning[s]: 1) Яо (легендарный император Китая, 2156 г. до н. э.); 2) высокий, выдающийся; возвышенный, славный; 3) Яо (фамилия)

Comments: The meaning 'high' is attested during Late Zhou. For *ŋ cf. Fuzhou ŋieu², Jianou iau⁹.

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 7312

Karlgren code: 1164 a

Character: 堪

Modern (Beijing) reading: kān

Preclassic Old Chinese: khǝ̄m

Classic Old Chinese: khǝ̄m

Western Han Chinese: khǝ̄m

Eastern Han Chinese: khǝ̄m

Early Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄m

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄m

Late Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄m

Middle Chinese: khʌm

English meaning : be equal to, able to bear

Russian meaning[s]: 1) выносить, терпеть; 2) мочь, быть в состоянии; годиться

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 756

Karlgren code: 0658 p

Vietnamese reading: kham

Character: 場

Modern (Beijing) reading: cháng

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łaŋ

Classic Old Chinese: Łaŋ

Western Han Chinese: laŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: źaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: źaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: źaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: źaŋ

Middle Chinese: ḍaŋ

English meaning : unploughed fields in mountains,i.e. a meadow

Russian meaning[s]: 1) площадь; арена, сцена; 2) место; помещение; 3) цех; 4) театральное представление, сеанс, спектакль; 5) счетный суффикс для явлений природы, процессов и т. д.

Comments: The word also means 'vegetable garden, threshing arena, fenced-in area' (probably etymologically the same word). In MC we have here a very rare case of preserving ḍ- < *Ł- (normally *jaŋ would be expected); for unaspirated *Ł- cf. Xiamen tiũ², Chaozhou tĩẽ², Fuzhou tioŋ², Jianou tiɔŋ⁹.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 4381

Karlgren code: 0720 x

Vietnamese reading: tru'ò'ng

Character: 堤

Modern (Beijing) reading: dī

Preclassic Old Chinese: tē

Classic Old Chinese: tē

Western Han Chinese: tē

Eastern Han Chinese: tiē

Early Postclassic Chinese: tiēj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tiēj

Late Postclassic Chinese: tiēj

Middle Chinese: tiej

English meaning : dike, dam [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дамба, плотина; 2) предупреждать; остерегаться

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 5861

Karlgren code: 0866 k

Vietnamese reading: d_ê

Character: 堰

Modern (Beijing) reading: yàn

Russian meaning[s]: дамба, плотина, запруда

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 816

Character: 報

Modern (Beijing) reading: bào

Preclassic Old Chinese: pūʔs

Classic Old Chinese: pūh

Western Han Chinese: pūh

Eastern Han Chinese: pūh

Early Postclassic Chinese: pū̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pū̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: pū̀

Middle Chinese: pầw

English meaning : to plait, interweave

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отплатить, воздать должное; воздаяние; мзда; 2) доносить; докладывать; информировать; извещать; заявлять; доклад; донесение, рапорт; извещение; заявка; 3) газета; пресса; 4) результат

Comments: More widely used with the meaning 'to repay, requite, reward, respond, announce'. Sch. considers it to be a metaphorical shift of 'plait, interweave', but external evidence is rather against such an interpretation.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 5955

Karlgren code: 1058 a-b

Vietnamese reading: báo

Shijing occurrences: 29.2_, 29.4

Character: 堡

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: pūʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pū́

Western Han Chinese: pǝ̄́w

Eastern Han Chinese: pǝ̄́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄́w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pā́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: pā́w

Middle Chinese: pấw

English meaning : small fort, stronghold [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) крепостца, городок; 2) деревня, селение (в собственных именах)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 217

Character: 堝

Modern (Beijing) reading: guo

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 堠

Modern (Beijing) reading: hou

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 壹

Modern (Beijing) reading: yī

Russian meaning[s]: 1) единственный; одиночный; однажды; 2) один (прописью, вм. 一); 3) объединить; единство

Comments: = 一 q.v.

Radical: 33

Four-angle index: 576

Karlgren code: 0395 a

Character: 壺

Modern (Beijing) reading: hú

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ā

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ā

Western Han Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣo

English meaning : bottle gourd (Lagenaria leucantha); a pitcher

Russian meaning[s]: 1) чайник (для чая и вина); фляга; 2) наливать в чайник; 3) Ху (фамилия)

Comments: Viet. hũ is probably a late loan; regular Sino-Viet. is hồ.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 33

Four-angle index: 518

Karlgren code: 0056 a-d

Vietnamese reading: hũ

Bijiang Bai: vu2

Character: 奠

Modern (Beijing) reading: diàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)īŋs

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)īŋh

Western Han Chinese: d(h)īŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: d(h)īŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ī̀ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ī̀ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ī̀ŋ

Middle Chinese: dìen

English meaning : to put down, set forth, offer

Comments: MC has also a parallel reading dìeŋ (either a dialectal development of *d(h)īŋ-s, or reflecting an old variant *d(h)ēŋ-s). For etymology cf. 整.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0363 a-d

Shijing occurrences: 15.3

Character: 婷

Modern (Beijing) reading: ting

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 媚

Modern (Beijing) reading: mèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: mrǝjʔs

Classic Old Chinese: mrǝjh

Western Han Chinese: mrǝjh

Eastern Han Chinese: mrǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: miś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mìj

Late Postclassic Chinese: mì

Middle Chinese: mì

English meaning : be lovable, favoured

Russian meaning[s]: 1) привлекательный, миловидный; 2) льстивый; льстить, угождать, заискивать; заигрывать

Comments: See 娓 *mǝjʔ fine, nice, 美 *mrǝjʔ beautiful, pretty.

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 1682

Karlgren code: 0567 d-e

Character: 婿

Modern (Beijing) reading: xù

Preclassic Old Chinese: sēs [ē?]

Classic Old Chinese: sēh

Western Han Chinese: sēh

Eastern Han Chinese: siēh

Early Postclassic Chinese: siḕj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: siḕj

Late Postclassic Chinese: siḕj

Middle Chinese: sìej

English meaning : son-in-law [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) муж дочери, зять; 2) муж

Comments: Phonetic is 胥 *sa, so the MC reading sìej is not quite clear (modern xǜ would also point to some sort of *-a final; however, it may have been influenced by other characters with 胥 as phonetic).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 3567

Karlgren code: 0090 i

Character: 媒

Modern (Beijing) reading: méi

Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝ̄

Classic Old Chinese: mǝ̄

Western Han Chinese: mǝ̄

Eastern Han Chinese: mǝ̄

Early Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: moj

English meaning : match-maker, go-between

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сват, сваха; посредник; посредничать; 2) возбуждать, проводить; проводник; фермент; закваска; возбудитель; 3) приманка, ловушка

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is môi. For *m cf. Xiamen m², Chaozhou bue², Fuzhou muoi².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 5180

Karlgren code: 0948 c

Vietnamese reading: mai

Shijing occurrences: 58.1_