Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 廁

Modern (Beijing) reading: cè

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćhrǝks

Classic Old Chinese: chrǝh

Western Han Chinese: c̣hǝh

Eastern Han Chinese: c̣hǝh

Early Postclassic Chinese: c̣hɨ̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: c̣hɨ̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: c̣hɨ̀

Middle Chinese: c̣hɨ̀

English meaning : toilet; enclosure for pigs [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: отхожее место; [cè cì] вмешаться; включиться в...; интересоваться; [cè] бок, край, сторона, вм. 側

Comments: Used also for a homonymous *ćhrǝks 'to interfere' (attested since Han). Viet. also has a reading xi`a; standard Sino-Viet. is sí.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 53

Four-angle index: 2919

Karlgren code: 0906 g

Vietnamese reading: xía

Character: 彭

Modern (Beijing) reading: péng

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Western Han Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)āŋ

Middle Chinese: bwâŋ

English meaning : forceful, overbearing

Russian meaning[s]: 1) удары барабана, барабанный бой; 2) долговечный; 3) см. 彭彭; 4) Пэн (фамилия); [páng] сбоку; вблизи, вм. 旁

Comments: Also read *bhrāŋ, MC bạ̈iŋ id. (whence Pek. péng; for *bh cf. Min readings: Xiamen phĩ², lit. phiŋ², Chaozhou phẽ², Fuzhou, Jianou phaŋ²); *pāŋ, MC pwâŋ 'very, much'; 'be going pang-pang (of rhythmically trampling feet or hoofs)'. The alternation *bh- / *p- is not quite clear - perhaps we deal here with a confusion of originally different roots and should reconstruct *bāŋ, with the form *bhrāŋ influenced by 膨 q.v.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 59

Four-angle index: 4075

Karlgren code: 0750 a-d

Character: 復

Modern (Beijing) reading: fù

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)uk

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)uk

Western Han Chinese: b(h)ǝuk

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)ǝuk

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)ɨuk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)uk

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)uk

Middle Chinese: bük

English meaning : to come back, return, restore, renew; place name

Russian meaning[s]: 1) возвращаться; восстанавливать, реставрировать; вернуться к старому; взяться за старое; 2) отвечать; ответ, см. 覆; 3) снова, опять, еще; повторять; 4) избавить(ся), освободить(ся) (от повинности); 5) двойной, см. 複; 6) Фу (фамилия)

Comments: Used also for the derived *b(h)uk-s (MC bǝ̀w) 'repeatedly, again'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 60

Four-angle index: 6265

Karlgren code: 1034 d-f

Shijing occurrences: 58.2

Character: 惡

Modern (Beijing) reading: è

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔāk

Classic Old Chinese: ʔāk

Western Han Chinese: ʔāk

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔāk

Middle Chinese: ʔâk

English meaning : evil, evil-doer

Russian meaning[s]: 1) зло; преступление; дурной, скверный, гадкий; дурного поведения; безобразный; грубый; 2) болезнь; 3) грязь; нечистоты; 4) крайне, весьма; [ě] отврщаение; тошнота; [wù] 1) ненавидеть; гнушаться; 2) задеть; разгневать; [wū] 1) как; какой; где; 2) междометие ах!, увы!

Comments: Also read ʔāk-s, MC ʔò (FQ 烏路), Mand. wù, Viet. ố 'to hate'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8352

Karlgren code: 0805 h

Go-on: aku

Kan-on: aku

Japanese reading: aku;u;o;warui;nikumu;aa

Vietnamese reading: ác

Character: 悲

Modern (Beijing) reading: bēi

Preclassic Old Chinese: prǝj

Classic Old Chinese: prǝj

Western Han Chinese: prǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: prǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: pij

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pij

Late Postclassic Chinese: pi

Middle Chinese: pi

English meaning : be unhappy, pained

Russian meaning[s]: 1) скорбеть, горевать, убиваться, оплакивать; горе, скорбь; боль; страдание; 2) жалеть, сожалеть; сочувствие, жалость, сострадание

Comments: This is probably a suffixed form of the root, present in 憤 *b(h)ǝrʔ 'full of annoyance, full of dissatisfied eagerness'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8423

Karlgren code: 0579 u

Shijing occurrences: 14.3_

Character: 悶

Modern (Beijing) reading: mèn

Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝ̄ns

Classic Old Chinese: mǝ̄nh

Western Han Chinese: mǝ̄nh

Eastern Han Chinese: mǝ̄nh

Early Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄̀n

Middle Chinese: mòn

English meaning : melancholy, sorrow

Russian meaning[s]: скучать, тосковать; унывать, хандрить; [mēn] 1) душный; палящий; 2) тушить, томить; парить; настоять (чай); 3) закрытый; накрыть крышкой

Comments: For *m cf. Xiamen bun⁶, Chaozhou buŋ⁶, Fuzhou moŋ⁶, Jianou mɔŋ⁶. Absent from Schüssler's dictionary, although attested already in Yijing. The character is also used (since L.Zhou) for *mǝ̄n, MC mon, Mand. mén 'to be stuffy, stifling, close, airless' (both readings may be actually related).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 3459

Karlgren code: 0441 d

Vietnamese reading: muộn

Character: 惠

Modern (Beijing) reading: huì

Preclassic Old Chinese: w(h)īts

Classic Old Chinese: w(h)īć

Western Han Chinese: w(h)jǝ̄ś

Eastern Han Chinese: w(h)iǝ̄ś

Early Postclassic Chinese: w(h)iēś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: w(h)iḕj

Late Postclassic Chinese: w(h)iḕj

Middle Chinese: ɣwìej

English meaning : be kind, compliant

Russian meaning[s]: 1) доброта, милость; благодетельствовать; благоприятствовать; оказывать честь; милостивый; вежл. Ваш; 2) подарить; пожаловать (чем-л.), удостоить; 3) умный; остроумный, вм. 慧; 4) Хуй (фамилия)

Comments: In inscriptions and in Shujing also used for a homonymous (?) *w(h)īts 'it should be, should be'. [Cf. Tib. 'os-pa 'worthy, fitting, favourable', Burm. wat 'duty' ?]

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8503

Karlgren code: 0533 a-d

Shijing occurrences: 28.4, 30.2, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3

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