Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 森

Modern (Beijing) reading: sēn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дремучий (густой) лес; чаща; сень, тень; 2) густой; множество, скопление; 3) строгий, тщательный

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 5155

Karlgren code: 0664 a-b

Character: 棧

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́(h)rānʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)rā́n

Western Han Chinese: ʒ̣(h)ā́n

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ̣(h)ā́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)ạ̄́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)ạ̄́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)ạ̄́n

Middle Chinese: ʒ̣ạ́n

English meaning : carriage box made of lath or bamboo

Russian meaning[s]: 1) склад, кладовая; 2) постоялый двор; подворье для приезжих; 3) настил на горных переходах; 4) Чжань (фамилия); [zhàn jiàn] загон для скота, хлев, стойло

Comments: Also read *ʒ́(h)rān-s, MC ʒ̣ạ̀n id. (MC also has an irregular variant ʒ̣ạ̈́n). A somewhat later meaning is 'flooring (on a mountain pass)', whence probably Viet. sàn 'floor, flooring'. Standard Sino-Viet. is sạn.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 6797

Karlgren code: 0155 d

Vietnamese reading: sàn

Character: 棹

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhaò

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ēkʷs

Classic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ēwh

Western Han Chinese: ljāwh (~ Łh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: liāwh (~ lh-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)iḕw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)iḕw

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)iḕw

Middle Chinese: ḍạ̀w

English meaning : oar, to paddle

Comments: The word was originally [L.Zhou] written as 櫂, which allows to reconstruct *Ł(h)ēkʷ-s. After Han the reading changed to *ḍ(h)iḕw (with dialectal retroflexity, sometimes occurring in former lateral hsieh-sheng series), which enabled its writing as 棹 (attested only since Tsin). The character 櫂 has also a late (Han) reading *Ł(h)ēkʷ, MC ḍạuk, Mand. zhuó 'a k. of bowl, vessel'. Viet. chèo is colloquial; regular Sino-Viet. is trạo. A similar word is rather widely spread in Austric: Thai ʔcɛ:w.A 'to row', Khmer ce:w 'row, oar', Mon tasu 'paddle': phonology suggests a very late (post-MC) borrowing from Chinese for all these forms.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Vietnamese reading: chèo

Character: 棒

Modern (Beijing) reading: bàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: brōŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: brṓŋ

Western Han Chinese: brṓŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: brṓŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bọ̄́ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bọ̄́ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bọ̄́ŋ

Middle Chinese: bạ́uŋ

English meaning : stick, cane, pole [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дубинка; батог; барабанная палочка; бить палкой; 2) початок кукурузы

Comments: For *b- cf. Min forms: Xiamen paŋ⁶, Fuzhou pauŋ⁶, Jianou pɔŋ⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 2456

Character: 棲

Modern (Beijing) reading: qī

Preclassic Old Chinese: shǝ̄j

Classic Old Chinese: shǝ̄j

Western Han Chinese: shǝ̄j

Eastern Han Chinese: shǝ̄j

Early Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j

Late Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: siej

English meaning : to roost, rest; bird's nest

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отдыхать; найти приют, приютиться; сидеть на насесте; приют, пристанище; насест; птичье гнездо; 2) перен. постель; место ночлега

Comments: For *sh cf. Fuzhou chä¹, Jianou chai⁵ (the latter reflecting a variant *shǝ̄j-s).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 8802

Character: 棣

Modern (Beijing) reading: dì

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhǝ̄ts (~ -js, ~ -ps)

Classic Old Chinese: lhǝ̄ć

Western Han Chinese: lhǝ̄ś

Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝ̄ś

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄ś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: dìej

English meaning : wild plum

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бот. таволга японская (Kerria japonica); 2) перен. брат, братья, вм. 弟; 3) Ди (фамилия)

Comments: Also used in the die-sheng 唐棣 *lhāŋ-*lhǝ̄Ts (which allows us to reconstruct *lh-). Sometimes used as a loan for 逮 *l(h)ǝ̄ps 'to reach, be perfect' q.v. (thus in Shi 26.3).

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 5558

Karlgren code: 0509 f

Shijing occurrences: 24.1

Character: 棋

Modern (Beijing) reading: qí

Preclassic Old Chinese: gǝ

Classic Old Chinese: gǝ

Western Han Chinese: gǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: gɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: gɨ

Middle Chinese: gɨ

English meaning : chess [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: шахматы; китайские шашки; [jī] основание, основа, вм. 基

Comments: Viet. cò' is archaic; regular Sino-Viet. is kỳ.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 7870

Karlgren code: 0952 t-u

Vietnamese reading: cò'

Character: 棍

Modern (Beijing) reading: gùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: kūns

Classic Old Chinese: kwǝ̄nh

Western Han Chinese: kwǝ̄nh

Eastern Han Chinese: kwǝ̄nh

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̄̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̄̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̄̀n

Middle Chinese: kòn

English meaning : club, stick, cudgel [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) палка, трость; 2) бран. дубина, бездельник, нахал; 3) бродяга; хулиган

Comments: A somewhat earlier (Han) reading is OC *g(h)ūnʔ, MC ɣón, Mand. hùn 'to bind, make a bundle'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 6961

Vietnamese reading: côn

Character: 植

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhí

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сажать, выращивать; 2) учреждать, устанавливать; 3) опираться на (палку, посох)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 743

Karlgren code: 0919 e

Character: 椒

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: cew

Classic Old Chinese: cew

Western Han Chinese: cjaw

Eastern Han Chinese: cjaw

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjew

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjew

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjew

Middle Chinese: cjew

English meaning : Chinese prickly ash, also called Szechuan or Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum simulans), used as condiment

Russian meaning[s]: 1) перец; перечное дерево; 2) вершина горы; крутой, отвесный; 3) крайний, последний

Comments: Also read *cēw, MC ciew id.; used as well in a die-sheng 椒聊 *cēw-rēw 'pepper plant'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 5946

Karlgren code: 1031 q

Vietnamese reading: tiêu

Jianchuan Bai: -ci1

Dali Bai: -ci7

Bijiang Bai: -ce7

Character: 椎

Modern (Beijing) reading: chuí zhuī

Russian meaning[s]: 1) молоток; било; ударять, бить (молотком); 2) тупой, глупый

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 890

Karlgren code: 0575 r

Character: 棉

Modern (Beijing) reading: mián

Preclassic Old Chinese: men

Classic Old Chinese: men

Western Han Chinese: mjan

Eastern Han Chinese: mjan

Early Postclassic Chinese: mjen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mjen

Late Postclassic Chinese: mjen

Middle Chinese: mjen

English meaning : see 綿

Russian meaning[s]: 1) хлопчатник, хлопок; 2) вата; ватный

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 3882

Character: 棚

Modern (Beijing) reading: péng

Preclassic Old Chinese: bǝ̄ŋ

Classic Old Chinese: bǝ̄ŋ

Western Han Chinese: bǝ̄ŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: bǝ̄ŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: bʌŋ

English meaning : bamboo and wooden tent [Sui]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) навес на столбах; шалаш; тент; временная постройка; 2) потолок; 3) стар. воен. отделение в четырнадцать человек

Comments: Also read *brǝ̄ŋ, MC bạiŋ, bạ̈iŋ id. For *b cf. Xiamen pĩ² (lit. piŋ²), Chaozhou pẽ², Fuzhou paŋ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 3492

Character: 楮

Modern (Beijing) reading: chǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: thraʔ

Classic Old Chinese: thrá

Western Han Chinese: ṭhá

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭhá

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭhó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭhó

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭhó

Middle Chinese: ṭhö́

English meaning : paper tree, Broussonetia kasinoki [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бот. бумажное дерево (Broussonetia kasinoki); 2) бумага; 3) Чу (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *tāʔ, MC tó id. Regular Sino-Viet. is chu`'.

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 1609

Karlgren code: 0045 i

Vietnamese reading: dó

Character: 款

Modern (Beijing) reading: kuǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷārʔ

Classic Old Chinese: khwā́n

Western Han Chinese: khwā́n

Eastern Han Chinese: khwā́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: khwā́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwā́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: khwā́n

Middle Chinese: khwấn

English meaning : an item

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сумма; деньги; расходы; статья расхода; 2) отдел, пункт, параграф, рубрика; 3) надписывать (картину, произведение); 4) угощать, подать (гостю); радушный, гостеприимный; удерживать, оставлять (гостя); 5) искренний, чистосердечный; правдивый; 6) навестить, нанести визит; 7) достигнуть, дойти до...; 8) стиль, фасон, мода; 9) медлительно-важный, степенный; достойный; 10) показной

Comments: Late Zhou meanings are "sincere, staunch"; "empty" ( = 窾, thus probably *khʷārʔ); "to knock, rap"

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 76

Four-angle index: 4849

Karlgren code: 0162 a

Vietnamese reading: khoa`n

Character: 欺

Modern (Beijing) reading: qī

Preclassic Old Chinese: khǝ

Classic Old Chinese: khǝ

Western Han Chinese: khǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: khǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: khɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: khɨ

Middle Chinese: khɨ

English meaning : to deceive [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) обманывать(ся), дурачить, надувать; самообольщаться; самообман; обманчивый; 2) оскорблять, обижать; быть обиженным; 3) пользуясь...

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 76

Four-angle index: 4846

Karlgren code: 0952 q

Go-on: ko

Kan-on: ki

Japanese reading: gi+;azamuku+

Character: 欽

Modern (Beijing) reading: qīn

Preclassic Old Chinese: kh(r)ǝm

Classic Old Chinese: kh(r)ǝm

Western Han Chinese: kh(r)ǝm

Eastern Han Chinese: kh(r)ǝm

Early Postclassic Chinese: khim

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khim

Late Postclassic Chinese: khim

Middle Chinese: khim

English meaning : intense, attentive, reverent

Russian meaning[s]: 1) почитать, уважать; 2) императорский, высочайший

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 167

Four-angle index: 4791

Karlgren code: 0652 f

Character: 殘

Modern (Beijing) reading: cán

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́hān

Classic Old Chinese: ʒhān

Western Han Chinese: ʒhān

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒhān

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒhān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒhān

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒhān

Middle Chinese: ʒân

English meaning : to hurt

Russian meaning[s]: 1) калечить, увечить; увечный; инвалидность; 2) вредить, портить, разрушать; испорченный, дефектный; разбитый; 3) остатки; остаточный; в остатке; заходящий (о светилах); гаснущий (о лампе); умирающий; замирающий (о звуке); недоеденный; недопитый; непрожитый (о годах); 4) лютый, жестокий; бесчеловечный, безжалостный; зверский; 5) казнить; умертвить

Comments: Later meanings are also 'decline, fade, etc.' For *ʒ́h cf. Xiamen, chan², Chaozhou chaŋ², Longdu chān².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 78

Four-angle index: 6796

Karlgren code: 0155 c

Vietnamese reading: tàn

Character: 殖

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhí

English meaning : to plant, cultivate; be level

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сажать, сеять; насаждать; 2) заселять, колонизировать; 3) приумножать; размножать(ся); 4) богатеть; преуспевать

Radical: 78

Four-angle index: 742

Karlgren code: 0919 d

Character: 殼

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiào què

Preclassic Old Chinese: khrōk

Classic Old Chinese: khrōk

Western Han Chinese: khrōk

Eastern Han Chinese: khrōk

Early Postclassic Chinese: khọ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khọ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: khọ̄k

Middle Chinese: khạuk

English meaning : hard shell [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: твердая оболочка; скорлупа, раковина, панцырь; кора; гильза патрона

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 79

Four-angle index: 6149

Karlgren code: 1226 d-f