Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 琵

Modern (Beijing) reading: pí

Russian meaning[s]: китайская гитара

Radical: 96

Four-angle index: 6935

Character: 琶

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǎ

Preclassic Old Chinese: brā

Classic Old Chinese: brā

Western Han Chinese: brā

Eastern Han Chinese: brǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bạ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bạ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: bạ̄

Middle Chinese: bạ

English meaning : Used in the diesheng 琵琶 MC bji-bạ 'a 4-stringed musical instrument' [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 琵琶 китайская гитара (лютня)

Comments: For *b- cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou, Jianou pi²-pa², Chaozhou pi²-pe².

Radical: 96

Four-angle index: 7136

Character: 琴

Modern (Beijing) reading: qín

Preclassic Old Chinese: gh(r)ǝm

Classic Old Chinese: gh(r)ǝm

Western Han Chinese: gh(r)ǝm

Eastern Han Chinese: gh(r)ǝm

Early Postclassic Chinese: ghim

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ghim

Late Postclassic Chinese: ghim

Middle Chinese: gim

English meaning : a musical instrument looking like a zither, but with 7 strings like a lute, hence "lute".

Russian meaning[s]: лютня полукруглая; струнный инструмент (общее название)

Shuowen gloss: 禁也.神農所作.洞越.練朱五弦.周時加二弦.象形.凡琴之屬皆從琴.古文琴.從金.

Comments: For initial *gh- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou khim², Fuzhou khiŋ². The word does not have a Sino-Tibetan etymology, and it is tempting to compare it with Greek órganon ( < *wórganom) 'a musical instrument (originally with strings)'. It is worth noting that the word is present in Iranian languages (cf. Pers. orɣanū̆n), whence another musical instrument (see under 瑟 *srit) was supposedly borrowed. [On the other hand, cf. PA *kúma 'a musical instrument'].

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 96

Four-angle index: 2794

Karlgren code: 0651 q

Shijing occurrences: 1.3, 50.1

Character: 琯

Modern (Beijing) reading: guǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷānʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kwā́n

Western Han Chinese: kwā́n

Eastern Han Chinese: kwā́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwā́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwā́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwā́n

Middle Chinese: kwấn

English meaning : = 管 q. v.

Russian meaning[s]: 1) род флейты-пикколо (из камня); 2) полировать яшму (металл)

Radical: 96

Four-angle index: 1458

Karlgren code: 0157 i

Character: 琛

Modern (Beijing) reading: chēn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛhǝm

Classic Old Chinese: ƛhǝm

Western Han Chinese: ƛhǝm

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥ǝm

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭhim

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭhim

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭhim

Middle Chinese: ṭhim

English meaning : a precious object

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0666 e

Character: 琦

Modern (Beijing) reading: qí

Preclassic Old Chinese: gaj

Classic Old Chinese: gaj

Western Han Chinese: gaj

Eastern Han Chinese: ge

Early Postclassic Chinese: ge

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ge

Late Postclassic Chinese: ge

Middle Chinese: ge

English meaning : to fondle, handle [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: драгоценный; необыкновенный, незаурядный; редкость; драгоценная безделушка

Comments: The meaning 'precious stone' is attested only since Han.

Radical: 96

Four-angle index: 3005

Karlgren code: 0001 t

Character: 琨

Modern (Beijing) reading: kūn

English meaning : a precious stone

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0417 d

Character: 甥

Modern (Beijing) reading: shēng

Preclassic Old Chinese: sreŋ

Classic Old Chinese: sreŋ

Western Han Chinese: ṣeŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣeŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣeŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣeŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣeŋ

Middle Chinese: ṣạ̈iŋ

English meaning : nephew; sister's son or daughter; son-in-law

Russian meaning[s]: 1) племянник (сын сестры); 2) зять; 3) внук (со стороны дочери); 4) двоюродный брат (по женской линии)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 100

Four-angle index: 4734

Karlgren code: 0812 g

Character: 甦

Modern (Beijing) reading: sū

Russian meaning[s]: оживать, пробуждаться

Radical: 100

Four-angle index: 6438

Character: 畫

Modern (Beijing) reading: huà

Preclassic Old Chinese: wrēks

Classic Old Chinese: wrēh

Western Han Chinese: wrēh

Eastern Han Chinese: wriēh

Early Postclassic Chinese: wiẹ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wiẹ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: wiẹ̄̀

Middle Chinese: ɣwạ̈̀

English meaning : to draw, draw a design, paint designs

Russian meaning[s]: 1) картина; рисунок; 2) рисовать; нарисованный; 3) написать; подписаться; [huá] 1) разграничить, размежевать; 2) составить план, спроектировать; 3) черта, штрих кистью (в каллиграфии), см. 劃

Comments: A colloquial loan from the same source is Viet. vẽ 'to draw, design'. For *w cf. Xiamen ui⁶, Chaozhou ue⁶, Fuzhou ua⁶, Jianou ua⁸.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 102

Four-angle index: 65

Vietnamese reading: họa

Jianchuan Bai: vɛ2

Dali Bai: ver2

Bijiang Bai: uã2

Character: 番

Modern (Beijing) reading: fān

Preclassic Old Chinese: phar

Classic Old Chinese: phan

Western Han Chinese: phan

Eastern Han Chinese: phwan

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwan

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwǝn

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwǝn

Middle Chinese: phwǝn

English meaning : turn, succession [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) очередь, раз; 2) дежурство, смена; сменяться; 3) иноплеменники; чужеземцы; чужестранный

Comments: The character is attested during Early Zhou with other readings: *pār, *bār, MC pwâ, bwâ, Mand. pó 'be white' (Shujing); *pār, MC pwâ, Mand. pó 'be martial' (Shijing).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 102

Four-angle index: 1768

Karlgren code: 0195 b-c

Vietnamese reading: phiên

Character: 痢

Modern (Beijing) reading: lì

Preclassic Old Chinese: rijs

Classic Old Chinese: rić

Western Han Chinese: rjǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: rǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: lɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: lɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: lì

English meaning : dysentery [Han]

Comments: For *r cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou li⁶, Chaozhou li⁴.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Vietnamese reading: lỵ

Character: 痛

Modern (Beijing) reading: tòng

Preclassic Old Chinese: slōŋs

Classic Old Chinese: l̥ōŋh

Western Han Chinese: l̥ōŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥ōŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: thṑŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thṑŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: thwṑŋ

Middle Chinese: thùŋ

English meaning : pain, sickness

Russian meaning[s]: 1) боль; больно; болезненный; болеть; болезнь; рана; 2) сожалеть; сочувствовать; 3) крайне; очень; сильно

Comments: Attested already in Yijing, but absent in Schüssler's dictionary.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 104

Four-angle index: 3641

Karlgren code: 1185 q

Jianchuan Bai: ?sü̃3

Dali Bai: ?si3

Bijiang Bai: ?sõ2

Character: 痣

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhì

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝs

Classic Old Chinese: tǝh

Western Han Chinese: tǝh

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćɨ̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćɨ̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćɨ̀

Middle Chinese: ćɨ̀

English meaning : mole [Liang]

Russian meaning[s]: родимое пятно

Comments: Etymologically probably = 志 q.v. (*'sign').

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 104

Four-angle index: 8346

Go-on: si

Kan-on: si

Japanese reading: shi;aza;hokuro

Character: 痙

Modern (Beijing) reading: jìng

Russian meaning[s]: судороги, конвульсии

Radical: 104

Four-angle index: 129

Character: 痘

Modern (Beijing) reading: dòu

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ōs

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ōh

Western Han Chinese: d(h)wāh

Eastern Han Chinese: d(h)wāh

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ṑw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄̀w

Middle Chinese: [dʌ̀w]

English meaning : smallpox [Ming]

Russian meaning[s]: натуральная оспа

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 104

Four-angle index: 561

Vietnamese reading: d_ậu

Character: 痞

Modern (Beijing) reading: pǐ

Russian meaning[s]: 1) камни (в печени); засорение кишечника, завал; 2) негодяй; хулиган; злодей; люмпен

Radical: 104

Four-angle index: 1423

Character: 登

Modern (Beijing) reading: dēng

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝ̄ŋ

Classic Old Chinese: tǝ̄ŋ

Western Han Chinese: tǝ̄ŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: tǝ̄ŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: tʌŋ

English meaning : to ascend, rise, go up

Russian meaning[s]: 1) восходить, подняться (взойти) на...; 2) продвинуть, возвысить; 3) внести (поместить, зарегистрировать) в...; 4) созреть, поспеть (напр. о хлебах); 5) немедленно, тотчас же; 6) брать, получать

Comments: Probably related to 拯 *tǝŋʔ to lift up, 上 *daŋʔ rise, raise, *daŋs up, above, on, over, 尚 *daŋ upwards q. v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 105

Four-angle index: 583

Karlgren code: 0883 e-h

Vietnamese reading: d_ăng

Character: 發

Modern (Beijing) reading: fā

Preclassic Old Chinese: pat

Classic Old Chinese: pat

Western Han Chinese: pat

Eastern Han Chinese: pwat

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwat

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwǝt

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwǝt

Middle Chinese: pwǝt

English meaning : to start out, go out, come forth; shoot

Russian meaning[s]: 1) выпускать, выбрасывать; метить; стрелять; 2) отправлять, посылать, отряжать, командировать; отправляться, трогаться в путь, выступать; 3) выдавать; давать; выплачивать; пускать в продажу; 4) открывать; начинать, предпринимать; пускать (в ход); 5) подниматься (трогаться в путь); 6) обнаруживать(ся); проявлять(ся); оглашать, опубликовывать; издавать; распространять; 7) зарождаться; распускаться; производить; 8) почувствовать; сделаться, стать (каким-л.); 9) разбогатеть; 10) сильный, резкий (о ветре)

Comments: Also read bō, MC pwât, OC *pāt in the reduplication *pāt-pāt 'to go pat-pat, to be splashing'. In Viet. cf. also colloquial words: phọt 'to spout, squirt, gush out', phụt 'to spring up, gush forth'. Further ST etymology is unclear: cf. perhaps Kham pǝt 'nshot'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 105

Four-angle index: 6137

Karlgren code: 0275 c

Vietnamese reading: phát

Jianchuan Bai: fɛ6

Dali Bai: fer6, fa6

Bijiang Bai: fa6, fer6

Shijing occurrences: 25.1, 25.2, 35.3, 57.4_

Character: 皖

Modern (Beijing) reading: wan

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0