Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 菩

Modern (Beijing) reading: pú

Russian meaning[s]: санскр. транскрипционный знак без значения

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 1235

Character: 萃

Modern (Beijing) reading: cuì

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)uts

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)wǝć

Western Han Chinese: ʒ(h)wǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ(h)jwǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jwiś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jwìj

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jwì

Middle Chinese: ʒjwì

English meaning : to collect, assemble

Russian meaning[s]: 1) скопление; скопляться; масса; 2) разрастаться (о траве); 3) см. 倅 1

Comments: OC ʒ(h)ut-s < *ʒ(h)up-s; see 集.

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 2315

Karlgren code: 0490 m

Go-on: zui

Kan-on: sui

Character: 菸

Modern (Beijing) reading: yān

Russian meaning[s]: табак, вм. 煙; [yǔ] вянуть, увядать

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 8762

Character: 萍

Modern (Beijing) reading: píng

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: bhēŋ

Western Han Chinese: bhēŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: bhiēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bhiēŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhiēŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bhiēŋ

Middle Chinese: bieŋ

English meaning : duckweed [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бот. ряска (Spirodela polyhiza); 2) неустойчивый, нетвердый; 3) сокр. г. Пинсян (в провинции Цзянси)

Comments: For *bh cf. Xiamen phiŋ², Chaozhou phĩẽ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 2386

Karlgren code: 0825 d

Character: 菠

Modern (Beijing) reading: bō

Russian meaning[s]: шпинат

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 6100

Character: 菅

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiān

Preclassic Old Chinese: krān

Classic Old Chinese: krān

Western Han Chinese: krān

Eastern Han Chinese: krān

Early Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄n

Middle Chinese: kạn

English meaning : a k. of white-flowered rush (used for ropes etc.)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пырей, темеда трехтычинковая (Themeda triandra); 2) цыновка из пырея; 3) бот. посконник китайский (Eupatorium sinensis)

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 1465

Karlgren code: 0157 n

Character: 萋

Modern (Beijing) reading: qī

Preclassic Old Chinese: shǝ̄j

Classic Old Chinese: shǝ̄j

Western Han Chinese: shǝ̄j

Eastern Han Chinese: shǝ̄j

Early Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j

Late Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: chiej

English meaning : be densely covering, luxuriant.

Russian meaning[s]: 1) густой, разросшийся; 2) цветущий; обильный; внушительный

Shuowen gloss: 草盛.從草.妻聲.詩曰.菶菶萋萋.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 8805

Karlgren code: 0592 g-h

Shijing occurrences: 2.1_

Character: 菁

Modern (Beijing) reading: jīng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ceŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ceŋ

Western Han Chinese: ceŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: cjeŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjeŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjeŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjeŋ

Middle Chinese: cjeŋ

English meaning : a k. of grass

Russian meaning[s]: 1) цветущий, пышный; 2) цветок порея

Comments: Used also for a homonymous *ceŋ 'be luxuriant, bushy'. Cf. also 蓁 and 青.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 3616

Karlgren code: 0812 |f ́

Go-on: siyau

Kan-on: sei

Japanese reading: shō;sei;aona

Character: 華

Modern (Beijing) reading: huá

Preclassic Old Chinese: swrā

Classic Old Chinese: w̥rā

Western Han Chinese: w̥rā

Eastern Han Chinese: w̥rǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwạ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwạ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwạ̄

Middle Chinese: xwạ

English meaning : flower, blossom

Russian meaning[s]: 1) цвет, цветок; 2) цветущий; роскошный, блестящий, великолепный; разукрашенный; вежл. Ваш; 3) Китай; китайский (в противоположность 洋 заморский, иностранный); китайцы (национальность); 4) Хуа (фамилия); [huā] цветы, цветок, см. 花

Shuowen gloss: 榮也從草#.凡華之屬皆從華. [275]

Comments: Also read *wrā, MC ɣwạ (FQ 戶花), Pek. huá 'blossoming, beautiful' (obviously related to *s-wrā). For *w- cf. Xiamen ua². Since Bei-chao (4th cent.) the common usage has preserved 華 with the reading *wrā (at that time already *ɣwạ̄), and introduced the character 花 for the reading *swrā (at that time already *xwạ̄).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 2560

Karlgren code: 0044 a-b

Vietnamese reading: hoa

Jianchuan Bai: -xua4, xo4

Dali Bai: xo5-, xuo5, xua6

Bijiang Bai: xo4, xu4

Shijing occurrences: 6.1_, 24.1_, 24.2

Character: 菱

Modern (Beijing) reading: líng

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бот. водяной орех (Trapa natans); 2) ромбовый, ромбовидный

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 6298

Karlgren code: 0898 g

Character: 著

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhū

Preclassic Old Chinese: tras (~ -ks)

Classic Old Chinese: trah

Western Han Chinese: ṭah

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭah

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭò

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭò

Middle Chinese: ṭö̀

English meaning : appear, visible, manifest

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сочинять, составлять; 2) очевидный, ясный; 3) известный, знаменитый; 4) отъявленный; [zhuó zháo -zhe] см. ?

Comments: During EZ the character is attested only with the above meaning (Yijing) or as a loan for 宁 *d(h)raʔ q.v. (Shijing). During Late Zhou, however, the standard readings are *trak-s 'place, position', *trak 'to place, put, apply' (MC ṭak, Pek. zhuō / zhāo) and *drak (MC ḍak, Pek. zhuo) 'attach'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 1622

Karlgren code: 0045 |n ́

Character: 萊

Modern (Beijing) reading: lái

Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)ǝ̄

Classic Old Chinese: r(h)ǝ̄

Western Han Chinese: r(h)ǝ̄

Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)ǝ̄

Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: lʌj

English meaning : pigweed (Chenopodium album)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бот. гусиные лапки; 2) поле под паром; невозделанные поля; 3) сорняки; 4) полоть сорняки; 5) Лай (фамилия)

Comments: Viet. lài means 'jasmine'; regular Sino-Viet. is lai.

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 5305

Karlgren code: 0944 j

Vietnamese reading: lài

Character: 菰

Modern (Beijing) reading: gu

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 萌

Modern (Beijing) reading: méng

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)rēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)rēŋ

Western Han Chinese: m(h)rēŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)riēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)iẹ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)iẹ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)iẹ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: mạiŋ

English meaning : bud, young shoot, to sprout [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) давать почки; почки (растения); пускать ростки; зачинаться; зарождаться; эмбриональный; 2) народ, население, вм. 氓

Comments: A reconstruction *m(h)rǝ̄ŋ is also possible (hsiehsheng would suggest *m(h)rāŋ, but in this case the MC form would be irregular). Regular Sino-Viet. is manh; another loan from the same source is possibly Viet. mống 'bud, germ'.

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 3479

Karlgren code: 0760 g

Vietnamese reading: măng

Character: 菌

Modern (Beijing) reading: jùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghrunʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ghrwǝ́n

Western Han Chinese: ghrwǝ́n

Eastern Han Chinese: ghrwǝ́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: ghwín

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ghwín

Late Postclassic Chinese: ghwín

Middle Chinese: gwín

English meaning : mushroom [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) гриб; плесень, ржавчина (на растениях); 2) микробы, бактерии, бациллы

Comments: For *gh cf. Chaozhou khuŋ⁴. Viet. khuâ`n reflects an unattested variant MC *khwín (reflected also in Fuzhou khuŋ³).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 1877

Karlgren code: 0485 c

Vietnamese reading: khuâ`n

Character: 菽

Modern (Beijing) reading: shú

Preclassic Old Chinese: snikʷ (~ t-)

Classic Old Chinese: n̥iuk

Western Han Chinese: n̥jǝuk

Eastern Han Chinese: ń̥ǝuk

Early Postclassic Chinese: śɨuk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śuk

Late Postclassic Chinese: śuk

Middle Chinese: śük

English meaning : soybean (Glycine max.)

Russian meaning[s]: горох; бобы; бобовые

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 5949

Karlgren code: 1031 g

Character: 菲

Modern (Beijing) reading: fěi

Preclassic Old Chinese: phǝjʔ

Classic Old Chinese: phǝ́j

Western Han Chinese: phǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: phwǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwɨ́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwɨ́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwɨ́j

Middle Chinese: phwɨ́j

English meaning : radish (Brassia campestris)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) название овоща, род брюквы; 2) слабый; тонкий; маленький; скудный; вежл. мой; [fēi] душистый, ароматный; цветущий

Comments: Since LZ also used for *phǝj (MC phwɨj) 'fragrant'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 2738

Karlgren code: 0579 l

Shijing occurrences: 35.1_

Character: 菊

Modern (Beijing) reading: jú

Russian meaning[s]: хризантема, астра

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 4356

Karlgren code: 1017 e

Character: 萸

Modern (Beijing) reading: yu

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 萎

Modern (Beijing) reading: wēi

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔʷaj

Classic Old Chinese: ʔwaj

Western Han Chinese: ʔwaj

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔwe

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔwe

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔwe

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔwe

Middle Chinese: ʔwe

English meaning : to wither

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вянуть, сохнуть; увядший, сухой; 2) одряхлеть, ослабеть; [wěi wēi] вм. 葳

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 8852

Karlgren code: 0357 d