Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 軻

Modern (Beijing) reading: kē

Russian meaning[s]: ось; скат

Radical: 159

Four-angle index: 2993

Character: 軸

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhóu

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhuk

Classic Old Chinese: Łhuk

Western Han Chinese: Łhǝuk

Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝuk

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhɨuk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhuk

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhuk

Middle Chinese: ḍük

English meaning : axle, shaft

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ось; центральный стержень; вал; обр. важное место, узел; 2) палочка для навертывания свитка; счетный суффикс для китайских картин

Comments: The occurrences of 軸 in Shijing are not quite clear (Schüssler glosses it as a loan for 迪 *Ł(h)īkʷ (q.v.), which is dubious because the rhyme is obviously in *-uk; it emerges in the basic meaning only since Late Zhou. It is, however, obviously the same word as 柚 *Łhuk (MC ḍük, Mand. zhú) 'a cylinder for the warp on the weaving apparatus', attested in Shijing.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 159

Four-angle index: 1804

Karlgren code: 1079 p

Vietnamese reading: trục

Shijing occurrences: 56.3_

Character: 軼

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Russian meaning[s]: 1) обгонять; превосходить; 2) растерять; рассеять(ся); разрозненный, вм. 佚; 3) натолкнуться, толкнуть

Radical: 159

Four-angle index: 5077

Karlgren code: 0402 d

Character: 辜

Modern (Beijing) reading: gū

Preclassic Old Chinese: kā

Classic Old Chinese: kā

Western Han Chinese: kā

Eastern Han Chinese: kā

Early Postclassic Chinese: kō

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kō

Late Postclassic Chinese: kō

Middle Chinese: ko

English meaning : guilt, crime

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вина; преступление; осуждение; 2) провиниться; быть виноватым перед...; быть неблагодарным; 3) Гу (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 160

Four-angle index: 2429

Karlgren code: 0049 p

Character: 逮

Modern (Beijing) reading: dài

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhǝ̄ps

Classic Old Chinese: lhǝ̄ć

Western Han Chinese: lhǝ̄ś

Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝ̄ś

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄ś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: dʌ̀j

English meaning : to come to, reach, come forward; be perfect

Russian meaning[s]: 1) арестовать, схватить; 2) догонять; 3) до, к (о сроке), к тому времени, когда, см. 迨; [dì] 逮逮 мирный, спокойный

Comments: MC has also a parallel (originally dialectal) reading dìej (FQ 特計) id. Viet. tó'i is colloquial; standard Sino-Viet. is d_ại. During Early Zhou sometimes written as 棣 (thus in Shi 26.3), which allows to reconstruct *lh-. OC *lhǝ̄p-s is an *-s-derivate from OC *lhǝ̄p 'to reach' (attested since Han: 遝 MC dлp, Pek. dài, q.v.).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6578

Karlgren code: 0509 c-d

Vietnamese reading: tó'i

Shijing occurrences: 26.3

Character: 逵

Modern (Beijing) reading: kuí

Preclassic Old Chinese: gru

Classic Old Chinese: gru

Western Han Chinese: grǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: grǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: giw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: gǝw

Middle Chinese: gwi

English meaning : a thoroughfare

Russian meaning[s]: большая проезжая дорога

Shuowen gloss: 九達道也.

Comments: The rhymes in Shijing clearly show that 逵 belongs to the *-u-class; MC gwi is thus irregular (normally *gǝw would be expected). For *g- cf. Fuzhou ki2.

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6450

Shijing occurrences: 7.2_

Character: 週

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhōu

Russian meaning[s]: 1) обходить (объезжать) кругом; обращение, оборот; круговорот; 2) годовщина; 3) неделя; еженедельный

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6544

Character: 逸

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Preclassic Old Chinese: let

Classic Old Chinese: let

Western Han Chinese: ljat

Eastern Han Chinese: źat

Early Postclassic Chinese: źat

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jǝt

Late Postclassic Chinese: jǝt

Middle Chinese: jit

English meaning : to relax, be at ease, lazy, idle, dissolute

Russian meaning[s]: 1) скрыться, убежать; исчезать; 2) утратить; утраченный (напр. текст); 3) освобождать, выпускать на волю; 4) жить на покое (в уединении); 5) мир, покой; отдых; безделье; праздный; 6) проступок; совершить проступок; 7) распущенный; безудержный; 8) необычный, небывалый; 9) быстрый, стремительный; понести (о лошади)

Comments: See notes to 佚.

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6618

Character: 進

Modern (Beijing) reading: jìn

Preclassic Old Chinese: cins (~ ć-, ~ -ǝrs)

Classic Old Chinese: cinh

Western Han Chinese: cjǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: cjǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjìn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjìn

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjìn

Middle Chinese: cjìn

English meaning : to advance, enter

Russian meaning[s]: 1) идти вперед; продвигаться, наступать; прогрессировать; прогресс; 2) входить; ввозить; вводить; поступать; поступление; приход; 3) продвигать, выдвигать; рекомендовать; повысить (напр. в чине); 4) подносить, предлагать; представлять (начальнику); 5) глагольный суффикс, указывающий на направление действия внутрь

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6455

Vietnamese reading: tiến

Character: 逶

Modern (Beijing) reading: wēi

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔʷaj

Classic Old Chinese: ʔwaj

Western Han Chinese: ʔwaj

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔwe

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔwe

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔwe

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔwe

Middle Chinese: ʔwe

English meaning : tortuous movement, fluttering (of a flag) [LZ]

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0357 e

Character: 鄂

Modern (Beijing) reading: è

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋhāk

Classic Old Chinese: ŋhāk

Western Han Chinese: ŋhāk

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋhāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋhāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋhāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋhāk

Middle Chinese: ŋâk

English meaning : suddenly

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сокр. пров. Хубэй; 2) граница; 3) честный, прямой; 4) Ао (фамилия)

Comments: For *ŋh cf. Fuzhou ŋauk⁷.

Radical: 163

Four-angle index: 2186

Karlgren code: 0788 l

Character: 郵

Modern (Beijing) reading: yóu

Preclassic Old Chinese: wǝ

Classic Old Chinese: wǝ

Western Han Chinese: wǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: wǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: wiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: wǝw

Middle Chinese: ɦǝw

English meaning : inspector's hut in the fields; post station [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) почта; почтовый, пересылать по почте; 2) шалаш на поле (для сторожа); 3) тем более, еще более, вм. 尤; 4) Ю (фамилия)

Comments: During Early Zhou the character is attested only as a loan for 尤 'fault' q.v. For *w cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou, Fuzhou iu².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 163

Four-angle index: 2124

Character: 鄉

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: haŋ

Classic Old Chinese: haŋ

Western Han Chinese: haŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: haŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: haŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: haŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: haŋ

Middle Chinese: xaŋ

English meaning : region, village

Russian meaning[s]: 1) деревня; село; поселок; деревенский; местный; 2) родная деревня, родина; земляк; 3) волость; волостной; 4) ист. округ; административная единица в 12500 дворов; [xiàng] 1) направляться к..., см. 向; 2) в старину, встарь; некогда

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 163

Four-angle index: 2215

Karlgren code: 0714 c-h

Vietnamese reading: hu'o'ng

Shijing occurrences: 48.1_

Character: 郾

Modern (Beijing) reading: yàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔans

Classic Old Chinese: ʔanh

Western Han Chinese: ʔanh

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔanh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔàn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔǝ̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔǝ̀n

Middle Chinese: ʔǝ̀n

English meaning : place name

Comments: Attested in inscriptions.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0253 h-i

Character: 酣

Modern (Beijing) reading: hān

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ām

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ām

Western Han Chinese: gām (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gām (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gām (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gām (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gām (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣâm

English meaning : be tipsy, drunk

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пьянствовать; кутеж, попойка; веселье; развеселиться, разойтись; безудержный; 2) напряженный; 3) длительный; 4) обильный

Comments: Mod. tone is irregular.

Radical: 164

Four-angle index: 1026

Karlgren code: 0606 g

Character: 酥

Modern (Beijing) reading: sū

Russian meaning[s]: 1) творог, сыр; 2) печенье из муки и масла; 3) размягчиться, размякнуть

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 164

Four-angle index: 5409

Character: 量

Modern (Beijing) reading: liáng liàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: raŋs

Classic Old Chinese: raŋh

Western Han Chinese: raŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: reŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: lèŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lèŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: lèŋ

Middle Chinese: làŋ

English meaning : a measure of capacity

Russian meaning[s]: 1) измерять, мерить; вешать; 2) совещаться, советоваться; 3) соразмеряться с...; [liàng] 1) мера; вес; 2) характер, натура; размах

Comments: The word is derived from *raŋ, MC laŋ, Mand. liáng, Viet. (colloquial) lù'o'ng 'to measure out'; the derived word is, however, attested earlier (already in Shujing), whereas *raŋ 'to measure' first appears only in L.Zhou texts. For *r in *raŋ cf. Xiamen liɔŋ², Chaozhou nĩẽ², Fuzhou lioŋ²; in *raŋs cf. Xiamen liaŋ⁶, Chaozhou liaŋ⁴, Fuzhou lioŋ⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 166

Four-angle index: 442

Karlgren code: 0737 a-c

Vietnamese reading: lụ'o'ng

Jianchuan Bai: liã4

Character: 鈔

Modern (Beijing) reading: chào

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бумажные деньги; кредитки; 2) документ; расписка, квитанция; 3) судовая пошлина; [chāo] 1) переписывать, снимать копию, вм. 抄; 2) грабить, отнимать

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 167

Four-angle index: 4054

Character: 鈕

Modern (Beijing) reading: niǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: nruʔ

Classic Old Chinese: nrú

Western Han Chinese: ṇǝ́w

Eastern Han Chinese: ṇǝ́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṇíw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṇǝ́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṇǝ́w

Middle Chinese: ṇǝ́w

English meaning : button [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) застежка; скрепка; кнопка; пуговица, пуговка; застегнуть; 2) Ню (фамилия)

Comments: For *n cf. Xiamen liu³, Fuzhou niu³.

Radical: 167

Four-angle index: 528

Character: 鈣

Modern (Beijing) reading: gài

Russian meaning[s]: хим. кальций (Ca)

Radical: 167

Four-angle index: 4424