Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 鈉

Modern (Beijing) reading: na

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 鈞

Modern (Beijing) reading: jūn

English meaning : weight of 30 jin

Russian meaning[s]: 1) цзюнь (мера веса, равная 30 цзинь); 2) эпист. Вы, Ваш (к начальнику); 3) уравнивать, вм. 均; 4) гончарный круг; 5) Цзюнь (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 167

Four-angle index: 4274

Karlgren code: 0381 e

Character: 鈍

Modern (Beijing) reading: dùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ūns

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)wǝ̄nh

Western Han Chinese: d(h)wǝ̄nh

Eastern Han Chinese: d(h)wǝ̄nh

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wǝ̄̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wǝ̄̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wǝ̄̀n

Middle Chinese: dòn

English meaning : blunt [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тупой; притупиться; 2) глупый; несообразительный; 3) неудачный

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 167

Four-angle index: 7242

Karlgren code: 0427 i

Jianchuan Bai: tua3

Dali Bai: tui3

Character: 鈐

Modern (Beijing) reading: qián

Preclassic Old Chinese: gh(r)am

Classic Old Chinese: gh(r)am

Western Han Chinese: gh(r)am

Eastern Han Chinese: gh(r)am

Early Postclassic Chinese: ghem

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ghem

Late Postclassic Chinese: ghem

Middle Chinese: gem

English meaning : chain, lock [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) замок; запор; замкнуть на замок; 2) приложить печать; утверждать; 3) древко секиры

Comments: For *gh cf. Xiamen khiam².

Radical: 167

Four-angle index: 2788

Character: 鈇

Modern (Beijing) reading: fū

Preclassic Old Chinese: pa

Classic Old Chinese: pa

Western Han Chinese: pa

Eastern Han Chinese: pwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwo

Middle Chinese: pü

English meaning : axe [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: секира, топор

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 167

Four-angle index: 5063

Karlgren code: 0101 e

Character: 鈑

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: prānʔ

Classic Old Chinese: prā́n

Western Han Chinese: prā́n

Eastern Han Chinese: prā́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄́n

Middle Chinese: pạ́n

English meaning : metal plate, plaque [LZ]

Comments: See 版.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0262 l

Character: 閔

Modern (Beijing) reading: mǐn

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)rǝnʔ

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)rǝ́n

Western Han Chinese: m(h)rǝ́n

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)rǝ́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ín

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ín

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ín

Middle Chinese: mín

English meaning : be distressed; exert oneself

Russian meaning[s]: 1) скорбь; горе; горевать, убиваться; жалеть; 2) траур; траурный; 3) стараться; 4) подбодрять; 5) Минь (фамилия)

Radical: 169

Four-angle index: 3444

Karlgren code: 0475 q-r

Shijing occurrences: 26.4

Character: 閏

Modern (Beijing) reading: rùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: nuns (~ -urs)

Classic Old Chinese: nwǝnh

Western Han Chinese: nwǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: ńwǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ńwìn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńwìn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ńwìn

Middle Chinese: ńwìn

English meaning : intercalary month

Russian meaning[s]: високосный год, добавочный тринадцатый месяц (по лунному календарю); добавочный, прибавочный; лишний

Comments: For *n cf. Xiamen lun⁶, ʒun⁶, Chaozhou zuŋ⁴, Fuzhou noŋ⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 169

Four-angle index: 3368

Vietnamese reading: nhuận

Character: 開

Modern (Beijing) reading: kāi

Preclassic Old Chinese: khǝ̄j

Classic Old Chinese: khǝ̄j

Western Han Chinese: khǝ̄j

Eastern Han Chinese: khǝ̄j

Early Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄j

Late Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: khʌj

English meaning : to open the way, open, free

Russian meaning[s]: 1) открывать; отворять; 2) выпускать, освобождать; 3) начинать; основывать, учреждать; 4) разрабатывать, эксплуатировать; 5) держать, содержать; 6) исключать, отбрасывать; 7) выступать, трогаться; пускаться в путь; 8) править; 9) вскрыть, сделать отверстие; 10) распуститься, расцвести, раскрыться; 11) составить (напр. счет); написать; перечислить, изложить (на бумаге); прописать рецепт; 12) кипеть; кипящий; кипяченый; 13) распространять; расстилать; 14) подавать (на стол); 15) расходовать; ассигновывать; тратить; 16) разделить на равное число частей; 17) сокр. карат; [-kai] глагольный суффикс, указывающий, что действие имеет оттенок отделения, разделения (соответствует русским приставкам от-, раз-, у-)

Comments: Cf. perhaps also Viet. kho'i 'to enlarge, widen' ( < 'open'?), khui 'to unpack' (?).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 169

Four-angle index: 3411

Karlgren code: 0541 a

Go-on: ke, kai

Kan-on: kai

Japanese reading: kai;hiraku;hirakeru;aku;akeru

Vietnamese reading: khai

Jianchuan Bai: khɨ4

Dali Bai: khɨ4

Bijiang Bai: qhɨ̃4

Character: 閑

Modern (Beijing) reading: xián

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghrēn

Classic Old Chinese: ghrēn

Western Han Chinese: ɣrjān

Eastern Han Chinese: ɣriān

Early Postclassic Chinese: ɣiẹ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ɣiẹ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ɣiẹ̄n

Middle Chinese: ɣạ̈n

English meaning : be moving slowly, lazy

Russian meaning[s]: 1) изгородь, барьер; огороженное место; ограждать; сдерживать; 2) обученный, вышколенный; 3) досуг; праздный, вм. 閒; 4) посторонний

Comments: During EZ the character is also used for two other OC words: *ghrān 'to restrain, train' and *ghrān 'be large'; in MC the reflexes should have been *ɣạ̈n for 'lazy' and *ɣạn for the other meanings, but were apparently early confused. For *gh- see notes to 閒 (間). During Late Zhou the character was also applied to a homonymous *ghrēn "bar, enclosure; obstruct". Viet. has a nasal reflex of the initial stop; although such readings are usually colloquial, in this case it was accepted as standard Sino-Vietnamese.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 169

Four-angle index: 3428

Karlgren code: 0192 a-b

Vietnamese reading: nhàn

Character: 間

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiān

Preclassic Old Chinese: krēn

Classic Old Chinese: krēn

Western Han Chinese: krjān

Eastern Han Chinese: kriān

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄n

Middle Chinese: kạ̈n

English meaning : be in the middle, inserted

Russian meaning[s]: 1) промежуток, щель; интервал; часть помещения, сруб; отсек; отделение; купе; цех; счетный суффикс для комнат; 2) послелог в обстоятельствах времени и места (часто с 在 в начале оборота) в значениях а) в течение; за (напр. истекший год); б) в, между, в промежутке; [jiàn] 1) разлучать, разделять, разобщать, разъединять; 2) смешиваться; переплетаться (напр. о растениях); 3) разведывать, шпионить; 4) пропустить; через; 5) Цзянь (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *krēn-s, MC kạ̈̀n (FQ 古莧), Pek. jiàn 'to put in between, insert, alternate, supersede'; during LZ also *ghrēn, MC ɣạ̈n, Pek. xián "leisure; peace" (written usually as 閒, which is the original form of the character, while 間 is a later corruption; the same word during EZ was written as 閑 q.v.; for *gh- cf. Xiamen an², iŋ², Chaozhou õĩ², Fuzhou eŋ², Jianou aiŋ⁹).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 169

Four-angle index: 3386

Karlgren code: 0191 a-c

Go-on: ken

Kan-on: kan

Japanese reading: kan;ken;aida;ma

Vietnamese reading: gian

Character: 閒

Modern (Beijing) reading: xián

English meaning : to put in between, insert, alternate, supersede

Russian meaning[s]: 1) праздный; незанятый, свободный; досужий; свободное время, досуг; 2) беззаботный, спокойный; ленивый; бездельничать; безделье; 3) посторонний, не имеющий отношения; [jiān jiàn] см. 間

Comments: See 間.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 169

Four-angle index: 3415

Character: 閎

Modern (Beijing) reading: hóng

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ворота (арка) в начале улицы; 2) обширный; емкий, вместительный; пузатый (о сосуде); 3) великодушный

Radical: 169

Four-angle index: 3463

Karlgren code: 0887 k

Character: 隊

Modern (Beijing) reading: duì

Preclassic Old Chinese: l(h)ūts

Classic Old Chinese: l(h)wǝ̄ć

Western Han Chinese: l(h)wǝ̄ś

Eastern Han Chinese: l(h)wǝ̄ś

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wǝ̄ś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wǝ̄̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: dòj

English meaning : team, troop; mass, group [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отряд; команда; группа; эскадрилья; подразделение; часть; 2) строй, шеренга; 3) толпа; масса; 4) 11-е число (в телеграммах)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 5609

Karlgren code: 0526 f

Vietnamese reading: d_ội

Character: 階

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiē

Preclassic Old Chinese: krīj

Classic Old Chinese: krīj

Western Han Chinese: krjǝ̄j

Eastern Han Chinese: kriǝ̄j

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄j

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄j

Middle Chinese: kạ̈j

English meaning : steps, stairs

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лестница, ступени; 2) этап; 3) степень, класс, ранг; 4) основание, опора; отправной пункт

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 1651

Karlgren code: 0599 d

Character: 隋

Modern (Beijing) reading: suí

Preclassic Old Chinese: slhōjʔ

Classic Old Chinese: sl̥wā́j

Western Han Chinese: sl̥wā́j

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥wǟ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: thwā́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thwā́

Late Postclassic Chinese: thwā́

Middle Chinese: thwấ

English meaning : shred sacrificial meat (which was buried after the sacrifice), a sacrifice of shred meat [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) Суйская династия (589 - 619 г.); 2) Суй (фамилия); [duó] см. 墮

Comments: Also read *slhojʔ-s, MC sjwè / xwè, Pek. sùi, hùi id.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 3519

Karlgren code: 0011 b

Character: 陽

Modern (Beijing) reading: yáng

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łaŋ

Classic Old Chinese: Łaŋ

Western Han Chinese: laŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: źaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: źaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: jaŋ

Middle Chinese: jaŋ

English meaning : sunshine, sunshiny place

Russian meaning[s]: 1) солнце; солнечные лучи; тепло; свет; солнечный; южный (о склонах горы); северный (о береге реки); 2) явный, открытый, очевидный; выпуклый; 3) мужское начало природы, Ян; положительный; мужской; 4) притворяться (кем-л.); делать вид, что..., вм. 佯; 5) мир живых, этот свет; 6) 7-е число (в телеграммах); 7) Ян (фамилия)

Comments: Specific meanings attested in archaic literature are: (sunshiny place) > 'South slope of a mountain; North slope of a valley or river, South; 10th month'. A homonymous word rendered by the same character is *Łaŋ 'be elated'. Viet. has also a word nắng 'sunny' - which may be an earlier loan from the same source (with nasal assimilation). The character is also (since Han) sometimeswritten as 昜 without the radical.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 4385

Karlgren code: 0720 e-g

Go-on: yau

Kan-on: yau

Japanese reading: yō;hi;atataka;akiraka;itsuwaru

Vietnamese reading: du'o'ng

Shijing occurrences: 19.1_

Character: 隅

Modern (Beijing) reading: yú

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)o

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)o

Western Han Chinese: ŋ(h)wa

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ(h)wa

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)wo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)wo

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)wo

Middle Chinese: ŋü

English meaning : angle, corner

Russian meaning[s]: 1) угол; 2) уединенное место; захолустье; далекие края

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 3996

Karlgren code: 0124 i

Shijing occurrences: 42.1_

Character: 隆

Modern (Beijing) reading: lóng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ruŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ruŋ

Western Han Chinese: rǝuŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: rǝuŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: lɨuŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: luŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: luŋ

Middle Chinese: lüŋ

English meaning : noble, excellent

Russian meaning[s]: 1) высокий; возвышенный; большой; 2) щедрый; 3) процветающий; процветание; 4) изобилие, избыток; 5) Лун (фамилия)

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *ruŋ 'thunder, sound of thunder'. For *r- cf. Xiamen liɔŋ², Fuzhou lüŋ², Chaozhou loŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 401

Karlgren code: 1015 f

Character: 隍

Modern (Beijing) reading: huáng

English meaning : moat

Russian meaning[s]: городской ров (сухой)

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 327

Karlgren code: 0708 j