Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 鼓

Modern (Beijing) reading: gǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: kāʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kā́

Western Han Chinese: kā́

Eastern Han Chinese: kā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: kṓ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kṓ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kṓ

Middle Chinese: kó

English meaning : the drum; to drum, beat, play.

Russian meaning[s]: 1) барабан; играть на барабане; барабанить; играть (на инструменте); 2) возбуждать; подбодрять, воодушевлять; 3) надувать; вспучить; вспученный; 4) раздувать (огонь)

Shuowen gloss: 郭也.春分之音.萬物郭皮甲而出.故曰鼓.從壴.從え又. え象垂飾.又象其手擊之也.周禮六鼓.雷鼓八面.靈鼓六面. 路鼓四面.**鼓,皋鼓,晉鼓皆兩面.凡鼓之屬皆從鼓籀文鼓從古.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 207

Four-angle index: 6061

Karlgren code: 0050 a-b

Jianchuan Bai: ku1

Dali Bai: ku1

Bijiang Bai: qü7

Shijing occurrences: 1.3, 31.1

Character: 鼠

Modern (Beijing) reading: shǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛhaʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ƛhá

Western Han Chinese: ƛhá

Eastern Han Chinese: shá

Early Postclassic Chinese: shó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shó

Late Postclassic Chinese: shó

Middle Chinese: śö́

English meaning : rat, mouse

Russian meaning[s]: 1) крыса, мышь; 2) печальный; скорбный; горевать

Comments: OC *ƛh (normally yielding ṭh, but here having given a dialectal reflex *śh- > ś-) is reconstructed on the basis of Min forms: Xiamen chu³, Chaozhou chɨ³, Fuzhou, Jianou chü³.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 208

Four-angle index: 6665

Karlgren code: 0092 a

Jianchuan Bai: sü1

Dali Bai: sü1

Bijiang Bai: šü1

Shijing occurrences: 17.3, 52.1, 52.2, 52.3

Character: 僧

Modern (Beijing) reading: sēng

Middle Chinese: sʌŋ

English meaning : Buddhist priest [Wei]

Russian meaning[s]: буддийский монах, бонза

Comments: Chin. 僧 is actually a contraction of 僧伽 MC sлŋ-ga = Sanskr. saŋga, saŋgin 'a devotee' (NB: the same transcription is also used for Sanskr. siŋha 'lion').

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1530

Vietnamese reading: tăng

Character: 僮

Modern (Beijing) reading: tóng

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: dhōŋ

Western Han Chinese: dhōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: dhōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhōŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhōŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhwōŋ

Middle Chinese: duŋ

English meaning : (perhaps:) be ample

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мальчик, ребенок; 2) прислужник; ист. молодой раб; 3) несовершеннолетний; несмышленый; 4) тун (народность в Китае); 5) Тун (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 未冠也.從人.童聲. [365]

Comments: The meaning 'a non-adult person' is attested only since Late Zhou, although Shuowen gives it as the basic meaning. This is obviously the same word as 童 (q.v.), which enables us to reconstruct *dh- (although for the early meaning 'ample' it is not obvious). A recent usage is instead of 壯 as an ethnonym (Zhuang).

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 449

Karlgren code: 1188 r

Shijing occurrences: 13.3_

Character: 僥

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiǎo

Russian meaning[s]: счастье, удача; везет

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 7321

Karlgren code: 1164 b

Character: 僖

Modern (Beijing) reading: xī

Russian meaning[s]: 1) радостный, веселый; веселиться; 2) осторожный, осмотрительный

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1239

Character: 僭

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćēms

Classic Old Chinese: cēmh

Western Han Chinese: cjamh

Eastern Han Chinese: cjamh

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjèm

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjèm

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjèm

Middle Chinese: cìem

English meaning : err, error; untruthful, falsehood

Russian meaning[s]: 1) захватывать, занимать не по праву; 2) превысить (власть)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1594

Karlgren code: 0660 l

Character: 僚

Modern (Beijing) reading: liáo

Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)ēw

Classic Old Chinese: r(h)ēw

Western Han Chinese: r(h)jāw

Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)iāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)iēw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)iēw

Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)iēw

Middle Chinese: liew

English meaning : government official; colleague of an official

Russian meaning[s]: 1) чиновники, сотрудники; 2) сослуживец, коллега; товарищ, друг

Comments: Also read *r(h)ēwʔ, MC líew id.; used as well for a homonymous *r(h)ēw 'be fine, lovely'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 8236

Karlgren code: 1151 h

Vietnamese reading: liêu

Character: 僕

Modern (Beijing) reading: pú

Preclassic Old Chinese: bōk

Classic Old Chinese: bōk

Western Han Chinese: bōk

Eastern Han Chinese: bōk

Early Postclassic Chinese: bōk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bōk

Late Postclassic Chinese: bwōk

Middle Chinese: buk

English meaning : servant; groom

Shuowen gloss: 給事者也.

Comments: In MC there also exists an irregular reading bok (FQ 蒲沃), but the word rhymes in *-ōk in OC, thus buk is the normal reflex. Regular Sino-Viet. is bộc. The character is also (since LZ) used for a homonymous *bōk 'hide, conceal'. For *b cf. Xiamen pɔk⁸, Chaozhou pok⁸, Fuzhou puk⁸.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 1211 b-f

Vietnamese reading: bõ

Shijing occurrences: 3.4

Character: 像

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhaŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lháŋ

Western Han Chinese: lháŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: zháŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: zháŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zháŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: zháŋ

Middle Chinese: zjáŋ

English meaning : image, resemble, depict

Russian meaning[s]: 1) внешний вид; фигура; портрет, снимок; образ; изображение; статуя; 2) подобный, схожий; походить, быть похожим; 3) вроде, как например, наподобие; как будто; 4) служебный глагол в конструкциях уподобления

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 5621

Karlgren code: 0728 e

Character: 僑

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiáo

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(r)aw

Classic Old Chinese: g(r)aw

Western Han Chinese: g(r)aw

Eastern Han Chinese: g(r)aw

Early Postclassic Chinese: gew

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gew

Late Postclassic Chinese: gew

English meaning : tall [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) эмигрант, резидент; 2) жить за границей; гостить (в чужих краях)

Comments: For *g cf. Xiamen kiau², Fuzhou kieu², Jianou kiau⁹ (Chaozhou khiǝu² is secondary).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3762

Karlgren code: 1138 c

Character: 僱

Modern (Beijing) reading: gù

Russian meaning[s]: нанимать, см. 雇

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 913

Character: 僎

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhuàn

Russian meaning[s]: см. 撰

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 7863

Karlgren code: 0433 c-d

Character: 僩

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)rānʔ

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)rā́n

Western Han Chinese: grā́n (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: grā́n (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gạ̄́n (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gạ̄́n (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gạ̄́n (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣạ́n

English meaning : beautiful, refined

Russian meaning[s]: свирепый; воинственный

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3417

Karlgren code: 0191 g

Shijing occurrences: 55.1_, 55.2_

Character: 兢

Modern (Beijing) reading: jīng

Preclassic Old Chinese: kǝŋ

Classic Old Chinese: kǝŋ

Western Han Chinese: kǝŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kǝŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kɨŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kɨŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kɨŋ

Middle Chinese: kiŋ

English meaning : be cautious; be fearsome

Russian meaning[s]: 1) осторожный, осмотрительный; 2) бояться; боязливый; дрожащий, трепещущий; 3) почтительный

Comments: Also read *gǝŋ, MC giŋ id.

Radical: 10

Four-angle index: 7384

Karlgren code: 0888 a-b

Character: 凳

Modern (Beijing) reading: dèng

Russian meaning[s]: табурет; скамья

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 16

Four-angle index: 7696

Character: 劃

Modern (Beijing) reading: huá

Preclassic Old Chinese: wrēk

Classic Old Chinese: wrēk

Western Han Chinese: wrēk

Eastern Han Chinese: wriēk

Early Postclassic Chinese: wiẹ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wiẹ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: wiẹ̄k

Middle Chinese: ɣwạik

English meaning : to cut, harm [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) разграничить; расчертить; отнести к...; 2) изрезать; разрезать; 3) тереть; чиркнуть (спичкой); 4) ассигновать, выделить; [huà] 1) определить; точно установить; 2) начертить; наметить план; 3) чертеж, план; штрих, черта

Comments: For *w cf. Xiamen uiʔ⁸, Chaozhou ueʔ⁸, Fuzhou uak⁸. Also read *s-wrēk, MC xwạik id.

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2806

Character: 劂

Modern (Beijing) reading: jué

Russian meaning[s]: 剞劂 1) кривой резец (гравера); 2) клише

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2878

Character: 匱

Modern (Beijing) reading: kuì

Preclassic Old Chinese: gruts

Classic Old Chinese: grwǝć

Western Han Chinese: grwǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: grwǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: gwiś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gwìj

Late Postclassic Chinese: gwì

Middle Chinese: gwì

English meaning : box, coffer; defective, lacking

Russian meaning[s]: недостаток, нужда; [guì] см. 櫃

Comments: See 櫃 for the first meaning. Reason for devoicing in Mand. (kùi) is not clear.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 22

Four-angle index: 811

Karlgren code: 0540 g

Character: 厭

Modern (Beijing) reading: yàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔem

Classic Old Chinese: ʔem

Western Han Chinese: ʔjam

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔjam

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔjem

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔjem

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔjem

Middle Chinese: ʔjem

English meaning : be content, satisfied, tranquil

Russian meaning[s]: 1) приесться, надоесть; пресытиться; быть противным (надоедливым); 2) удовлетвориться; [yān] 1) мелькать; 2) роскошный, густой; 3) долго тянуться; долгий; спокойный

Comments: The fanqie is taken from Jiyün. The word is better known (although attested only since Late Zhou) with the readings *ʔem-s, MC ʔjèm (FQ 於豔), Pek. yàn 'to be satiated' and *ʔep, MC ʔjep (FQ 於葉), Go, Kan efu 'to stop up; satiate'. The latter reading (*ʔep) during Early Zhou is attested only within the compound 厭浥 *ʔep-ʔǝp 'be wet' (thus in Shi 17.1). Since Late Zhou attested also in the graphic form 饜.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 27

Four-angle index: 4960

Karlgren code: 0616 c

Go-on: en

Kan-on: en;on;yō;akiru;itou;aku;osu;osaeru

Shijing occurrences: 17.1