Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 認

Modern (Beijing) reading: rèn

Preclassic Old Chinese: nǝrs

Classic Old Chinese: nǝnh

Western Han Chinese: nǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: ńǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ńìn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńìn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ńìn

Middle Chinese: ńìn

English meaning : to acknowledge, admit, recognize [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) знать; узнавать, распознавать; 2) признавать, сознавать; считать за собой (напр. долг); 3) допускать, позволять; утверждать, санкционировать

Comments: For *n cf. Xiamen ʒin⁶, Chaozhou ziŋ⁶, Fuzhou neŋ⁶, Jianou nɛiŋ⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 8444

Karlgren code: 0456 j

Vietnamese reading: nhận

Character: 誡

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiè

Russian meaning[s]: 1) заповедь; повеление; правило; наставление; 2) предостерегать; вразумлять; запрещать, вм. 戒

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 6815

Character: 誓

Modern (Beijing) reading: shì

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ats

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ać

Western Han Chinese: d(h)aś

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)aś

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)eś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)èj

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)èj

Middle Chinese: ʒ́èj

English meaning : a formal statement, commitment, solemn declaration, oath; make a formal statement

Russian meaning[s]: поклясться, присягнуть; клятва, присяга

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is thệ.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 1147

Karlgren code: 0287 k-l

Vietnamese reading: thề

Character: 誤

Modern (Beijing) reading: wù

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋuās

Classic Old Chinese: ŋuāh

Western Han Chinese: ŋuāh

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋuāh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋuṑ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋuṑ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋuṑ

Middle Chinese: ŋò

English meaning : to err, make a mistake; deceive

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ошибка; ошибочный; ошибаться; вводить в заблуждение; по ошибке, ошибочно; 2) опаздывать; задерживать(ся)

Comments: For *ŋ- cf. Xiamen ŋɔ⁶, Chaozhou gou⁶, Fuzhou ŋuo⁶, Jianou ŋu⁸.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 4984

Karlgren code: 0059 d-e

Character: 說

Modern (Beijing) reading: shuō

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛot

Classic Old Chinese: ƛwat

Western Han Chinese: l̥wat

Eastern Han Chinese: śwat

Early Postclassic Chinese: śwet

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śwet

Late Postclassic Chinese: śwet

Middle Chinese: śwet

English meaning : to explain, excuse, speak; speech, words, agreement

Russian meaning[s]: 1) говорить; разговаривать; вести разговор о...; разговор о том, как...; о (в заглавиях книг); 2) излагать, рассказывать; рассказ, сказание; 3) объяснять, толковать; объяснение; 4) учение, теория; версия; -изм (в терминах); 5) выговаривать, бранить; [tuō] см. 脫; [shuì] уговаривать, усовещивать; [yuè] радость; радоваться, вм. 悅

Comments: Also read *ƛot-s, MC śwèj (FQ 舍芮), Mand. shùi 'to halt, rest overnight'; often used instead of 脫 *ƛōt 'to take off, let loose' and 悅 *Łot 'to delight in, be pleased'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 7395

Karlgren code: 0324 q

Jianchuan Bai: sua6, co2

Dali Bai: sua6

Bijiang Bai: co2

Shijing occurrences: 14.2_, 16.3_, 31.4_, 42.2, 50.3, 57.3, 58.3

Character: 誥

Modern (Beijing) reading: gào

English meaning : announcement, address; to make an announcement

Russian meaning[s]: 1) указ, рескрипт; 2) предписание (приказ) о назначении

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 1315

Karlgren code: 1039 e

Character: 誨

Modern (Beijing) reading: huì

Preclassic Old Chinese: smǝ̄ʔs

Classic Old Chinese: m̥ǝ̄h

Western Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄h

Eastern Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄h

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: xòj

English meaning : to instruct

Russian meaning[s]: 1) поучать, наставлять; совет, поучение; 2) наущать, учить дурному

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 4762

Karlgren code: 0947 u-v

Character: 誘

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǒu yòu

Preclassic Old Chinese: luʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lú

Western Han Chinese: lǝ́w

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝ́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: źíw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jíw

Late Postclassic Chinese: jíw

Middle Chinese: jǝ́w

English meaning : to entice, seduce, guide

Russian meaning[s]: 1) искушать, соблазнять, совращать; завлекать, заманивать; 2) научать; 3) уводить

Comments: In Mand. also read yòu - which reflects an unattested MC reading *jǝ̀w, also reflected in the literary Sino-Viet. form dụ.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 4619

Karlgren code: 1095 e

Vietnamese reading: dỗ

Shijing occurrences: 23.1_

Character: 誑

Modern (Beijing) reading: kuáng

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷaŋs

Classic Old Chinese: kwaŋh

Western Han Chinese: kwaŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: kwaŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwàŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwàŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwàŋ

Middle Chinese: kwàŋ

English meaning : to deceive [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: ложь; обманывать; дразнить

Comments: Modern kuáng is an aberrant reading, due to graphic (and etymological) influence of 狂 *gʷaŋ 'mad' q.v.

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 316

Karlgren code: 0739 x

Go-on: kuwau

Kan-on: kuwiyau

Japanese reading: kyō;kō;taburakasu;azamuku

Character: 誚

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiào

English meaning : to blame

Russian meaning[s]: 1) порицать, ругать; 2) высмеивать, издеваться

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 3583

Karlgren code: 1149 t

Character: 誧

Modern (Beijing) reading: pǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: phāʔ

Classic Old Chinese: phā́

Western Han Chinese: phā́

Eastern Han Chinese: phā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: phṓ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phṓ

Late Postclassic Chinese: phṓ

Middle Chinese: phó

English meaning : big, large, increase

Comments: Also read OC *pāʔ, MC pó; *phāʔ-s, MC phò id. Cf. 溥 *phāʔ be vast, wide, 布 *pās cloth; spread out (a mat); 鋪 *phā, *pha spread out .

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 豪

Modern (Beijing) reading: háo

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)āw

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)āw

Western Han Chinese: gāw (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gāw (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gāw (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gāw (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gāw (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣâw

English meaning : porcupine [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отважный, дерзновенный, храбрый, героический; 2) человек выдающийся (храбростью, талантом, богатством и т. д.); 3) тухао, мироед; тиран; тиранический; насильственный; 4) могучий; влиятельный; 5) разнузданный, своевольный; самодур; 6) волосок, щетинка, вм. 毫; 7) 4-е число (в телеграммах)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 152

Four-angle index: 5589

Karlgren code: 1129 n

Character: 貍

Modern (Beijing) reading: lí

Preclassic Old Chinese: rhǝ

Classic Old Chinese: rhǝ

Western Han Chinese: rhǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: rhǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: lhɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lhɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: lhɨ

Middle Chinese: lɨ

English meaning : a wild cat

Comments: For *rh cf. Jianou sɛ², Jianyang se². Since Late Zhou also written as 狸.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 貌

Modern (Beijing) reading: mào

Preclassic Old Chinese: mrākʷs

Classic Old Chinese: mrāwh

Western Han Chinese: mrāwh

Eastern Han Chinese: mrāwh

Early Postclassic Chinese: mạ̄̀w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mạ̄̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: mạ̄̀w

Middle Chinese: mạ̀w

English meaning : appearance

Russian meaning[s]: 1) внешний вид, наружность, облик; по внешнему виду; внешне; 2) внешний, показной; 3) корректный, вежливый; [mò] рисовать, изображать

Comments: Viet. màu is a colloquial loanword (with a modified meaning: 'appearance' > 'colour' - a rather usual change); standard Sino-Viet. is mạo. For *m cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou, Jianou mau⁶, Chaozhou mau⁴.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 153

Four-angle index: 7409

Karlgren code: 1171 b

Vietnamese reading: màu

Character: 賓

Modern (Beijing) reading: bīn

Preclassic Old Chinese: pin

Classic Old Chinese: pin

Western Han Chinese: pjǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: pjǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: pjin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pjin

Late Postclassic Chinese: pjin

Middle Chinese: pjin

English meaning : visitor, guest; subjects

Russian meaning[s]: 1) гость, посетитель; 2) принимать, как гостя; обходиться вежливо; 3) подчиняться, покоряться; 4) Бинь (фамилия); [bìn] отступать, отказаться от...; бросить

Comments: Also read bìn, MC pjìn, OC *pin-s 'to receive as a guest, treat as a guest'. Cf. PA *p`i̯ŭŋi (PJ *pina) 'other, foreign'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 8009

Karlgren code: 0389 a-f

Vietnamese reading: tân

Character: 賑

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhèn

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝrʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tǝ́n

Western Han Chinese: tǝ́n

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝ́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćín

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćín

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćín

Middle Chinese: ćín

English meaning : to endow, succour

Russian meaning[s]: 1) помогать (материально), поддерживать, благотворительствовать; 2) богатый

Comments: Also read *tǝrʔ-s, MC ćìn, Pek. zhèn id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 5641

Karlgren code: 0455 r

Character: 賒

Modern (Beijing) reading: shē

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛia

Classic Old Chinese: ƛia

Western Han Chinese: l̥ia

Eastern Han Chinese: śä

Early Postclassic Chinese: śa

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śa

Late Postclassic Chinese: śa

Middle Chinese: śa

English meaning : trade on credit [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) покупать (продавать) в кредит; 2) отодвинуть; отдалить; 3) далекий; долгий; 4) расточительный, вм. 奢

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 8198

Karlgren code: 0082 s-t

Character: 赫

Modern (Beijing) reading: hè

Preclassic Old Chinese: hrāk

Classic Old Chinese: hrāk

Western Han Chinese: hrāk

Eastern Han Chinese: hrāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: hẹ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hẹ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: hẹ̄k

Middle Chinese: xạ̈ik

English meaning : be majestic, imposing, haughty

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пылающий; багровый; 2) гневаться; ярость, возмущение; 3) знаменитый; величественный, грандиозный; 4) устрашать, запугивать; страшный

Comments: Schüssler also gives the meaning 'be glowing, fiery', but does not give the usually postulated meaning 'red'. Still, the word probably meant originally 'bright red, glowing red' - which explains well all contexts.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 155

Four-angle index: 8323

Go-on: kiyaku

Kan-on: kaku

Japanese reading: kyaku;kaku;akai;akiraka

Vietnamese reading: hách

Shijing occurrences: 38.3, 55.1, 55.2

Character: 趙

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhào

Russian meaning[s]: 1) Чжао (фамилия); 2) Чжао (название древнего княжества); 3) возвратить, вернуть (кому-л.)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 156

Four-angle index: 5816

Karlgren code: 1149 u-v

Character: 趕

Modern (Beijing) reading: gǎn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) гнать; изгонять; погонять (скотину); править (экипажем); 2) догонять; торопить(ся); спешить; быстро, поспешно; 3) служебный глагол обстоятельства времени к тому времени, как...; к; когда же...

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 156

Four-angle index: 5813