Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 撥

Modern (Beijing) reading: bō

Preclassic Old Chinese: pāt

Classic Old Chinese: pāt

Western Han Chinese: pāt

Eastern Han Chinese: pāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: pāt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pāt

Late Postclassic Chinese: pāt

Middle Chinese: pwât

English meaning : to dispose of, arrange, establish order

Russian meaning[s]: 1) переставлять; перевозить; 2) перекапывать (землю); 3) подстрекать, возбуждать; 4) ворошить (угли); прибавить (огонь в лампе); 5) играть (на гитаре); 6) удалить, отбросить; устранить; пресечь; 7) переводить (деньги), ассигновать, выдавать; 8) посылать, направлять; 9) распределять; по частям; 10) лямка (для гроба); 11) головное украшение

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 6140

Karlgren code: 0275 d

Character: 撓

Modern (Beijing) reading: náo

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋhrēw

Classic Old Chinese: ŋhrēw

Western Han Chinese: ŋhrjāw

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋhriāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋhiẹ̄w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋhạ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋhạ̄w

Middle Chinese: ṇạw

English meaning : to scrape; to make disorder [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) царапать, скрести; чесать; ерошить (волосы); теребить; 2) тревожить, беспокоить, раздражать, возмущать, волновать; 3) сгибаться, поддаваться; [nāo] 1) хватать; 2) убежать, уехать (от кого-л.)

Comments: Precise OC reconstruction is somewhat difficult in this case. Xiesheng strongly suggests a velar initial; so does also a parallel MC reading xâw (suggesting a variant with *sŋ(h)- > x-; the final, however, is quite irregular). We may think that the word was influenced by 呶 *nrū > MC ṇạo 'to be disorderly, clamoring'; let us note, however, that the latter must have had a *n-, while for 撓 the Min dialects indicate aspiration (cf. Fuzhou, Chaozhou nau²). The oldest attested meaning of the character is 'crooked, bent' (already in Yijing - although the word is absent from Schüssler's dictionary). During Late Zhou it is attested only in the meaning 'make disorder, confusion'; only since Tang the meaning 'to scrape' is witnessed (although it is reflected in most modern dialects).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 7323

Karlgren code: 1164 s

Vietnamese reading: nạo

Character: 撕

Modern (Beijing) reading: sī

Russian meaning[s]: 1) разорвать; распороть; расколоть; 2) купить (материи); [xī] будить; приводить в сознание, см. 提撕

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 2008

Karlgren code: 0869 f

Character: 撩

Modern (Beijing) reading: liáo

Preclassic Old Chinese: rēw

Classic Old Chinese: rēw

Western Han Chinese: rjāw

Eastern Han Chinese: riāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: liēw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: liēw

Late Postclassic Chinese: liēw

Russian meaning[s]: 1) брать, хватать; держать в руках; 2) дразнить, подстрекать, возбуждать; разжигать; интриговать; 3) подрубать (ткань); [liāo] 1) поднимать, приподнимать; 2) окачивать (водой); 3) окидывать (взглядом); [liào] 1) класть; 2) освободить, отпустить; 3) лягать

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 8237

Character: 撒

Modern (Beijing) reading: sā

Preclassic Old Chinese: sāt

Classic Old Chinese: sāt

Western Han Chinese: sāt

Eastern Han Chinese: sāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: sāt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sāt

Late Postclassic Chinese: sāt

Middle Chinese: sât

English meaning : to scatter, disperse, throw [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) разбрасывать; рассыпать; рассеивать; разбрызгивать; 2) отпускать; распускать; пускать, выпускать; 3) прикидываться; [sǎ] распространять

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 6195

Dali Bai: sa6-

Bijiang Bai: sa6

Character: 撮

Modern (Beijing) reading: cuō

Preclassic Old Chinese: shōt

Classic Old Chinese: shwāt

Western Han Chinese: shwāt

Eastern Han Chinese: shwāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: shwāt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shwāt

Late Postclassic Chinese: shwāt

Middle Chinese: chwât

English meaning : small cap

Russian meaning[s]: 1) брать в щепоть; щепотка; ничтожное количество; 2) цо (мера сыпучих тел, одна тысячная шэн); 3) сгребать, собирать; стягивать, делать в сборку; стянутый, собранный; 4) обобщать, резюмировать

Comments: The original meaning ("pinch with the fingers, a pinch-ful") is attested only since LZ; also read *cōts (MC cwầj, Pek. zùi) 'pointed' (LZ).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 5929

Karlgren code: 0325 e

Character: 播

Modern (Beijing) reading: bò

Preclassic Old Chinese: pārs

Classic Old Chinese: pānh

Western Han Chinese: pānh

Eastern Han Chinese: pānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: pā̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pā̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: pā̀n

Middle Chinese: pwâ ̀

English meaning : to spread out, scatter, sow; proclaim

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сеять; 2) бросать, разбрасывать; распространять; 3) переселяться; бежать; 4) веять, вм. 簸

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is bá.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 1775

Karlgren code: 0195 p

Vietnamese reading: vãi

Character: 撫

Modern (Beijing) reading: fǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: phaʔ

Classic Old Chinese: phá

Western Han Chinese: phá

Eastern Han Chinese: phwá

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwó

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwó

Middle Chinese: phǘ

English meaning : to accomodate oneself to, follow; manage, handle

Russian meaning[s]: 1) успокаивать, утешать; 2) гладить, щупать; 3) помогать, поддерживать; 4) овладеть; 5) правительственный комиссар, вм. 巡撫

Comments: The original meaning 'lay the hand on' (whence 'manage, accomodate') is attested somewhat later, during LZ.

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 8549

Karlgren code: 0103 p

Character: 撚

Modern (Beijing) reading: niǎn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мять, крутить в пальцах; закрутить; щипать; 2) топтать, попирать; 3) изгонять; гнать

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 8596

Character: 撬

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiào

Russian meaning[s]: вскрыть, взломать (напр. дверь); [qiāo] поднять; выдернуть (гвоздь)

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 7218

Character: 撙

Modern (Beijing) reading: zǔn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) урезывать, уменьшать, экономить; 2) направляться, ехать

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 3182

Karlgren code: 0430 l

Character: 撢

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0646 h

Character: 撳

Modern (Beijing) reading: qin

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 敵

Modern (Beijing) reading: dí

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhēk

Classic Old Chinese: dhēk

Western Han Chinese: dhēk

Eastern Han Chinese: dhiēk

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhiēk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhiēk

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhiēk

Middle Chinese: diek

English meaning : enemy; enmity

Russian meaning[s]: 1) враг, противник, неприятель; вражеский, неприятельский; враждебный; соперник; соревноваться; 2) партнер; пара; равняться; быть достойным один другого; равный, парный; 3) давать отпор; противиться

Comments: For *dh cf. Fuzhou thik⁸. The word is most probably of Altaic origin (*dagi 'enemy'), but has penetrated also some Austroasiatic languages (besides Vietnamese, cf. Bahnar *ʔdic, Old Khmer dik, Mon *dʔi:k 'slave').

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6206

Karlgren code: 0877 q

Vietnamese reading: d_ịch

Character: 敷

Modern (Beijing) reading: fū

Preclassic Old Chinese: ph(r)a

Classic Old Chinese: ph(r)a

Western Han Chinese: ph(r)a

Eastern Han Chinese: ph(r)wa

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwo

Middle Chinese: phü

English meaning : to extend, spread, dispose of (an area), propagate

Russian meaning[s]: 1) распространять; повсеместно, повсюду; 2) втирать, натирать; размазывать; накладывать; 3) излагать, докладывать; 4) хватать, быть достаточным; обильный, достаточный; покрывать (напр. о доходах и расходах)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6230

Karlgren code: 0102 |t ́

Go-on: fu

Kan-on: fu

Japanese reading: fu;shiku;noberu;amaneshi

Character: 數

Modern (Beijing) reading: shù

Preclassic Old Chinese: sroʔ sroʔs

Classic Old Chinese: sró

Western Han Chinese: ṣwá

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣwá

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣwó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣwó

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣwó

Middle Chinese: ṣǘ ṣǜ

English meaning : to calculate, evaluate

Russian meaning[s]: 1) число, количество; цифра; 2) несколько, некоторые; 3) норма, критерий; 4) судьба; [shǔ] 1) считать; подсчитать, пересчитать; 2) порицать, обвинять; [shuò, разг. shù] неоднократно, много раз

Comments: Also read *sroʔ-s, MC ṣǜ, Mand. shù, Viet. số 'figure, number; (metaph.) fate'. Other readings, attested since Late Zhou, are: *srōk, MC ṣạuk, Viet. sát (sic!) 'several times, repeatedly'; *shrok, MC c̣höuk, Mand. cù 'thin, thin-woven (e.g. net)'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6257

Karlgren code: 0123 r, 1207 a

Vietnamese reading: sô`

Jianchuan Bai: sɨ4

Dali Bai: sɨ4

Bijiang Bai: śi4

Character: 暮

Modern (Beijing) reading: mù

Preclassic Old Chinese: māks

Classic Old Chinese: māh

Western Han Chinese: māh

Eastern Han Chinese: māh

Early Postclassic Chinese: mṑ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mṑ

Late Postclassic Chinese: mṑ

Middle Chinese: mò

English meaning : late

Russian meaning[s]: 1) закат, вечер; 2) поздний; 3) конец периода; 4) преклонный (возраст); старость; 5) поздняя любовь

Comments: For *m cf. Xiamen mɔ⁶, Chaozhou mo⁴, Fuzhou muo⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 1546

Karlgren code: 0802 d

Character: 暫

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhàn zàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́(h)āms

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)āmh

Western Han Chinese: ʒ(h)āmh

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ(h)āmh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)ā̀m

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)ā̀m

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)ā̀m

Middle Chinese: ʒầm

English meaning : be rash; temporary, provisional

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пока, временно; временный; 2) неожиданно, вдруг

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 1543

Karlgren code: 0611 d-e

Vietnamese reading: tạm

Character: 暴

Modern (Beijing) reading: bào

Preclassic Old Chinese: bākʷs

Classic Old Chinese: bāwh

Western Han Chinese: bāwh

Eastern Han Chinese: bāwh

Early Postclassic Chinese: bā̀w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bā̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: bā̀w

Middle Chinese: bầw

English meaning : be oppressive, violent; to oppress, overpower

Russian meaning[s]: 1) жестокий, бесчеловечный; насильственный; губить; жестоко обращаться; насильничать; 2) быстрый, внезапный; 3) Бао (фамилия); [pù] 1) сушить на солнце; 2) выставлять напоказ; обнаруживать, вскрывать

Comments: Also used in a compound: 暴虐 *bākʷs-ŋhakʷ 'be oppressive, coercive'. For *b- cf. Min forms: Xiamen, Fuzhou po⁶, Chaozhou pau⁴, Jianou pau⁸. Sometimes also written as 曝 q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 5540

Karlgren code: 1136 a-b

Vietnamese reading: bạo

Shijing occurrences: 30.1_, 58.5_

Character: 暱

Modern (Beijing) reading: nì

Preclassic Old Chinese: nrǝk

Classic Old Chinese: nrǝk

Western Han Chinese: ṇǝk

Eastern Han Chinese: ṇǝk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṇɨk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṇɨk

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṇɨk

Middle Chinese: ṇit

English meaning : near, familiar with

Russian meaning[s]: близкий, интимный; сблизиться

Comments: MC ṇit reflects an old dialect variant *nrik > *nrit. For *n- cf. Fuzhou nik⁸, Chaozhou nek⁸.

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 792

Karlgren code: 0777 n