Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 潼

Modern (Beijing) reading: tóng

Russian meaning[s]: Тун (река в провинции Сычуань)

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 456

Character: 澄

Modern (Beijing) reading: chéng

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhrǝŋ

Classic Old Chinese: dhrǝŋ

Western Han Chinese: ḍhǝŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ḍhǝŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ḍhɨŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ḍhɨŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ḍhɨŋ

Middle Chinese: ḍiŋ

English meaning : clear, limpid [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: чистый, прозрачный; [dèng] очищать, отстаивать (воду); отстояться

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is trù'ng. Viet. troŋ reflects PAA *(tǝ)laŋ 'clean, transparent' and may in fact have nothing to do with the Chinese word.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 592

Karlgren code: 0883 m

Vietnamese reading: trong

Character: 潑

Modern (Beijing) reading: pō

Russian meaning[s]: 1) выливать воду, проливать; брызгать; поливать, орошать; захлестывать; 2) дерзкий; грубый; сварливый; надоедливый; 3) живой; с живостью

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 6141

Character: 潦

Modern (Beijing) reading: lào

Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)āwʔ

Classic Old Chinese: r(h)ā́w

Western Han Chinese: r(h)ā́w

Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)ā́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ā́w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ā́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ā́w

Middle Chinese: lấw

English meaning : puddle, pool

Russian meaning[s]: затоплять; погружаться в воду; быть затопленным; [lǎo] 1) потоки воды (на дороге); 2) проливной (о дожде); дождливый (о сезоне); [liáo] 1) неудачный, неблагоприятный; 2) небрежный; 3) стар. сокр. Ляохэ (река в провинции Ляоси)

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 8242

Karlgren code: 1151 u

Shijing occurrences: 15.1_

Character: 潔

Modern (Beijing) reading: jié

Preclassic Old Chinese: kēt

Classic Old Chinese: kēt

Western Han Chinese: kjāt

Eastern Han Chinese: kiāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiēt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiēt

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiēt

Middle Chinese: kiet

English meaning : be pure, purify [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) чистый, прозрачный; чистить; мыть; содержать в чистоте; 2) совершенствовать

Comments: See 絜.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 8273

Karlgren code: 0279 j

Character: 澆

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: kēw

Classic Old Chinese: kēw

Western Han Chinese: kjāw

Eastern Han Chinese: kiāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiēw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiēw

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiēw

Middle Chinese: kiew

English meaning : to pour [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) поливать; обливать, окачивать (водой); заливать (тоску вином); 2) худой, тощий; скудный; плохой, испорченный; 3) перен. скупой

Comments: The earliest attestation is in L.Zhou (Chuci), where the character means 'to rise (of waves)' (expr.).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7330

Karlgren code: 1164 c

Dali Bai: ćo5

Character: 潭

Modern (Beijing) reading: tán

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhǝ̄m

Classic Old Chinese: lhǝ̄m

Western Han Chinese: lhǝ̄m

Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝ̄m

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄m

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄m

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄m

Middle Chinese: dʌm

English meaning : gulf, deep, abyss [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) глубокий, скрытый; пучина; 2) вежл. его; Ваш; 3) Тань (фамилия)

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is d_àm. For *lh- cf. Chaozhou tham², Fuzhou thaŋ², Jianou thaiŋ².

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 2258

Karlgren code: 0646 b

Vietnamese reading: d_ầm

Character: 潛

Modern (Beijing) reading: qián

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́am

Classic Old Chinese: ʒam

Western Han Chinese: ʒam

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒjam

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒjem

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒjem

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒjem

Middle Chinese: ʒjem

English meaning : to dive

Russian meaning[s]: 1) идти под водой; нырять; 2) прятаться, скрываться; тайный, секретный; 3) скрытый, потенциальный

Comments: For *ʒ́ cf. Xiamen ciam², Fuzhou cieŋ² (but Chaozhou chiam²).

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1595

Karlgren code: 0660 n

Character: 潸

Modern (Beijing) reading: shān

Preclassic Old Chinese: srān

Classic Old Chinese: srān

Western Han Chinese: ṣān

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣān

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣạ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣạ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣạ̄n

Middle Chinese: ṣạn

English meaning : tears flowing

Russian meaning[s]: 1) литься (о слезах); плакать; 2) 15-е число (в телеграммах)

Comments: Also read *srānʔ (MC ṣạ́n /also irregularly ṣạ̈́n/, Pek. shǎn) id.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 3574

Karlgren code: 0156 c

Character: 潮

Modern (Beijing) reading: cháo

Preclassic Old Chinese: draw

Classic Old Chinese: draw

Western Han Chinese: ḍaw

Eastern Han Chinese: ḍaw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ḍew

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ḍew

Late Postclassic Chinese: ḍew

Middle Chinese: ḍew

English meaning : flood, tide [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) морской прилив (прибой); 2) влажный, сырой; сырость; 3) сокр. г. Чаочжоу; Чаочжоу-Сватоуский район (в провинции Гуандун)

Comments: Also read triều in Viet. (both readings are accepted as standard Sino-Viet.). For unaspirated *dr- cf. Min forms: Xiamen tio², Chaozhou tie², Fuzhou tieu², Jianou tiau⁹.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 3483

Karlgren code: 1143 d-e

Go-on: deu

Kan-on: teu

Japanese reading: chō+;shio+

Vietnamese reading: trào

Character: 澎

Modern (Beijing) reading: pēng

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhrāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: bhrāŋ

Western Han Chinese: bhrāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: bhrēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bhẹ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhẹ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bhẹ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: bạ̈iŋ

English meaning : sound of waves [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) шум прибоя, рокот волн; 2) подъем воды; расширяться, разбухать

Comments: For *bh- cf. Xiamen phɔŋ², Fuzhou phaŋ². Also read *phrāŋ, MC phạ̈iŋ, mod. pēng id. Used either as a place name, or in the dieshengs 澎湃, 澎濞 denoting the sound of waves.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 4078

Character: 潺

Modern (Beijing) reading: chán

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́(h)ren

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)ren

Western Han Chinese: ʒ̣(h)jan

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ̣(h)jan

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)jen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)jen

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)jen

Middle Chinese: ʒ̣en

English meaning : to flow [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) шум воды; 2) литься (о воде, слезах)

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 3042

Karlgren code: 0208 b

Character: 潰

Modern (Beijing) reading: kuì

Preclassic Old Chinese: whǝ̄ts (~ -js)

Classic Old Chinese: whǝ̄ć

Western Han Chinese: whǝ̄ś

Eastern Han Chinese: whǝ̄ś

Early Postclassic Chinese: whǝ̄ś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: whǝ̄̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: whǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: ɣòj

English meaning : be energetic, violent, turbulent

Russian meaning[s]: 1) прорвать(ся), разрушить(ся), испортить(ся), сломать(ся), уничтожить(ся); 2) расстекаться; рассыпать(ся); 3) выйти из себя, рассердиться

Comments: For *wh- cf. Chaozhou khui⁴.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7950

Karlgren code: 0540 d

Shijing occurrences: 35.6_

Character: 潤

Modern (Beijing) reading: rùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: nuns (~ -rs)

Classic Old Chinese: nwǝnh

Western Han Chinese: nwǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: ńwǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ńwìn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńwìn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ńwìn

Middle Chinese: ńwìn

English meaning : to soak

Russian meaning[s]: 1) увлажнять, мочить; влажный, мокрый; смачивать; 2) окрашивать; украшать; стилизовать; 3) выгодный; выгода, польза, прибыль; 4) вознаграждать, одаривать; благодетельствовать

Comments: For *n cf. Xiamen lun⁶, ʒun⁶, Chaozhou zuŋ⁴, noŋ⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 3369

Karlgren code: 1251 p

Character: 澗

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: krāns

Classic Old Chinese: krānh

Western Han Chinese: krānh

Eastern Han Chinese: krānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄̀n

Middle Chinese: kạ̀n

English meaning : a stream in a ravine

Russian meaning[s]: горный поток, ручей в горах

Shuowen gloss: 山夾水也.從水間聲.一曰澗水.出弘農新安.東南入雒. [554]

Comments: Perhaps related - through *r-prefixation - to OC 干 *kān 'river bank' q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 3393

Karlgren code: 0191 i

Shijing occurrences: 13.2, 15.1, 56.1_

Character: 潘

Modern (Beijing) reading: pān

Preclassic Old Chinese: phār

Classic Old Chinese: phān

Western Han Chinese: phān

Eastern Han Chinese: phān

Early Postclassic Chinese: phān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phān

Late Postclassic Chinese: phān

Middle Chinese: phwân

English meaning : rice water [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вода от промывки риса; 2) Пань (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1781

Karlgren code: 0195 n

Character: 滕

Modern (Beijing) reading: téng

English meaning : to bind, tie; band, cord

Russian meaning[s]: 1) Тэн (древнее княжество); 2) Тэн (фамилия)

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 5547

Karlgren code: 0893 q

Character: 潯

Modern (Beijing) reading: xun

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 潟

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0799 e

Character: 熟

Modern (Beijing) reading: shú

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)uk

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)uk

Western Han Chinese: d(h)ǝuk

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)ǝuk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)ɨuk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)uk

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)uk

Middle Chinese: ʒ́ük

English meaning : be ripe, fruitful, productive

Russian meaning[s]: 1) хорошо сварить; состряпанный, готовый (о пище); 2) созреть, поспеть; спелый, зрелый, созревший; созревание хлебов; урожай; 3) обработанный, готовый (о материалах); 4) натренированный, обученный, квалифицированный; хорошо знакомый (с чем-л.); опытный; 5) внимательно, тщательно; вполне; хорошо, основательно; 6) тщательно заучить; хорошо знать; знакомый, известный; тщательно выученный, освоенный

Comments: Later meanings are: ('to make smth. ripe, ready' > ) 'to process, prepare (in part., to tan /leather/)'; 'to learn thoroughly, by heart'. Standard Sino-Viet. is thục.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 86

Four-angle index: 8615

Karlgren code: 1026 b

Vietnamese reading: thuộc

Jianchuan Bai: cü2

Dali Bai: cü2