Comments:Cf. also a colloquial loan in Viet.: viền 'to hem, to border'. Also used for homonymous *Łon (-r) 'to go along, follow; reason, destination' and *Łon (-r) 'to climb a tree'.
Comments:Hsieh-sheng and Sino-Viet. suggest rather an OC form like *sors, which would normally yield MC sjwèn, in which case loss of labialisation in MC would be secondary. On the other hand, the Sino-Viet. form can go back to a dialectal MC *sjwèn with secondary labialisation on analogy with 泉 (MC ʒjwen, q.v.). The choice between OC *sars and *sors is thus not quite clear. A more usual writing of this word (since Tang) is **. The same word with the specialized meaning 'gland' is now written as 腺.
Comments:Standard Sino-Viet. is mạ; final -ng in the colloquial form is not quite clear. For *mh cf. Xiamen me6, Chaozhou me6, Fuzhou ma5, Jianou ma6.
Russian meaning[s]:1) перестать, прекратить; забастовать; приостановить; 2) отставить; уволить; [-ba] конечная частица предложения или фразы, подчеркивающая оттенки предположения, решительности или приказания; [pí] усталость; усталый, см. 疲
Comments:Also read MC bé, OC *breʔ (FQ 皮彼) id. For *b- cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou pa6, Chaozhou pa4. Since Han used also instead of 疲 *bh(r)aj, MC be, Mand. pí 'tired, exhausted'.
English meaning :fly about, fly to and fro; flutter (as a flag)
Russian meaning[s]:1) быстро лететь; 2) переворачиваться
Radical:124
Four-angle index:3319
Karlgren code:0246 k
Character:耦
Modern (Beijing) reading:ǒu
Preclassic Old Chinese:ŋōʔ
Classic Old Chinese:ŋṓ
Western Han Chinese:ŋwā́
Eastern Han Chinese:ŋwā́
Early Postclassic Chinese:ŋṓw
Middle Postclassic Chinese:ŋǝ̄̀w
Late Postclassic Chinese:ŋǝ̄̀w
Middle Chinese:ŋʌ́w
English meaning :one of a pair, mate, counterpart
Russian meaning[s]:пахать вдвоем; работать на пару; пара, чета; парный, четный
Comments:= 偶 q.v.
Radical:127
Four-angle index:3997
Karlgren code:0124 o
Go-on:gu
Kan-on:gou
Japanese reading:gu;gō;gū;au
Character:膛
Modern (Beijing) reading:táng
Russian meaning[s]:1) грудь; 2) полость; 3) камера; канал (оружия)
Radical:130
Four-angle index:188
Character:膜
Modern (Beijing) reading:mó
Preclassic Old Chinese:m(h)āk
Classic Old Chinese:m(h)āk
Western Han Chinese:m(h)āk
Eastern Han Chinese:m(h)āk
Early Postclassic Chinese:m(h)āk
Middle Postclassic Chinese:m(h)āk
Late Postclassic Chinese:m(h)āk
Middle Chinese:mâk
English meaning :membrane, film [L.Zhou]
Comments:Standard Sino-Viet. is mô; reason for the loss of -k is not quite clear (perhaps confusion with another, later reading of the character - MC mo, Mand. mō, which is a loan usage instead of 摸 q.v.).
Radical:0
Four-angle index:0
Karlgren code:0802 k
Vietnamese reading:mo
Character:膝
Modern (Beijing) reading:xī
Preclassic Old Chinese:sit
Classic Old Chinese:sit
Western Han Chinese:sjǝt
Eastern Han Chinese:sjǝt
Early Postclassic Chinese:sjit
Middle Postclassic Chinese:sjit
Late Postclassic Chinese:sjit
Middle Chinese:sjit
English meaning :knee (LZ)
Russian meaning[s]:колени; стать на колени; на коленях
Radical:130
Four-angle index:5537
Karlgren code:0401 c
Character:膠
Modern (Beijing) reading:jiāo
Preclassic Old Chinese:krīw
Classic Old Chinese:krīw
Western Han Chinese:krjǝ̄w
Eastern Han Chinese:kriǝ̄w
Early Postclassic Chinese:kiẹ̄w
Middle Postclassic Chinese:kạ̄w
Late Postclassic Chinese:kạ̄w
Middle Chinese:kạw
English meaning :to glue together; unite, in unison
