Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 盪

Modern (Beijing) reading: dàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ł(h)āŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ā́ŋ

Western Han Chinese: lā́ŋ (~ Łh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: lā́ŋ (~ lh-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ā́ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ā́ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ā́ŋ

Middle Chinese: dấŋ

English meaning : a k. of precious stone

Russian meaning[s]: 1) двигать(ся); качать(ся); 2) клетка, поле (на доске); строка; 3) сопротивляться, защищаться от (чего-л.); давать отпор; [tàng] 1) мыть; полоскать; 2) раз

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 108

Four-angle index: 688

Karlgren code: 0720 |n ́

Character: 瞳

Modern (Beijing) reading: tóng

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: dhōŋ

Western Han Chinese: dhōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: dhōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhōŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhōŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhwōŋ

Middle Chinese: duŋ

English meaning : inexperienced, ignorant [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: зрачок; отражаться в глазах (кого-л.)

Comments: Since Han time used for homonymous *dhōŋ 'pupil of the eye' - which is most probably the original meaning of the character. For *dh- cf. Chaozhou thoŋ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 109

Four-angle index: 447

Karlgren code: 1188 s

Character: 瞪

Modern (Beijing) reading: dèng

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhrǝŋ

Classic Old Chinese: dhrǝŋ

Western Han Chinese: ḍhǝŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ḍhǝŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ḍhɨŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ḍhɨŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ḍhɨŋ

Middle Chinese: ḍiŋ

English meaning : to look at, watch [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: смотреть в упор, уставиться

Comments: Also read *dhrǝ̄ŋ, MC ḍạiŋ, *dhrǝŋ-s, MC ḍìŋ id. For *dh cf. Xiamen thiŋ², Chaozhou theŋ². The Vietnamese word (standard Sino-Viet. is unknown) in fact can go back to PAA *tǝ-lVŋ / *kǝ-lVŋ 'look' (further = PAN *hiliŋ, *liŋliŋ 'see, examine, look') and actually be the source of the Chinese word.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 109

Four-angle index: 589

Vietnamese reading: trông

Character: 瞧

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiáo

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́hew (~ ʒh-, ~ -a-)

Classic Old Chinese: ʒhew

Western Han Chinese: ʒhjaw

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒhjaw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjew

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjew

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjew

Middle Chinese: ʒjew

English meaning : to gaze, observe [Wei]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) смотреть; рассмотреть, разглядеть; взглянуть; подсмотреть; 2) навестить, нанести визит; прийти на прием; 3) уважать; восхищаться; 4) рассчитывать; учитывать (обстановку, возможности)

Comments: For *ʒ́h cf. Xiamen chiau².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 109

Four-angle index: 8560

Character: 瞭

Modern (Beijing) reading: liǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)ēwʔ

Classic Old Chinese: r(h)ḗw

Western Han Chinese: r(h)jā́w

Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)iā́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)iḗw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)iḗw

Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)iḗw

Middle Chinese: líew

English meaning : bright (in part., of eyes) [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: зоркий; ясный, очевидный; понимать; [liào] смотреть вдаль; смотреть издали (сверху)

Comments: Also read *r(h)ēw, MC liew (FQ 洛蕭) id.

Radical: 109

Four-angle index: 8234

Karlgren code: 1151 o

Go-on: reu

Kan-on: reu

Japanese reading: ryō;akiraka

Character: 矯

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: k(r)awʔ

Classic Old Chinese: k(r)áw

Western Han Chinese: k(r)áw

Eastern Han Chinese: k(r)áw

Early Postclassic Chinese: kéw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kéw

Late Postclassic Chinese: kéw

Middle Chinese: kéw

English meaning : to forge, forger

Russian meaning[s]: 1) фальшивый, поддельный; прикидываться, делать вид, симулировать; 2) выпрямлять; выправлять; корректировать; 3) поднять, приподнять; 4) сильный; насильно

Comments: The original meaning is 'to curve (smth. straight) / to straighten (smth. curved)' (whence 'to forge', although the latter meaning is attested earlier). See 撟.

Radical: 111

Four-angle index: 3766

Karlgren code: 1138 l

Go-on: keu

Kan-on: keu

Japanese reading: kyō+;tameru;mageru;itsuwaru;ageru

Character: 禪

Modern (Beijing) reading: chán

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ars

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)anh

Western Han Chinese: d(h)anh

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)anh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)èn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)èn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)èn

Middle Chinese: ʒ́èn

English meaning : sacrifice; relinquish, cede, hand over to another [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) буддизм; чань (одна из сект буддизма); 2) созерцание, безмолвие; [shàn] 1) уступить престол, отречься от престола; 2) жертвоприношение земле

Comments: Since post-Han times this character is used also for PH *ʒ́ian (MC ʒ́en, pek. chán) = Pali jan = Old Ind. dhyāna.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 113

Four-angle index: 2595

Karlgren code: 0147 |b ́

Character: 簍

Modern (Beijing) reading: lǒu

Preclassic Old Chinese: rōʔ

Classic Old Chinese: rṓ

Western Han Chinese: rwā́

Eastern Han Chinese: rwā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: lṓw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lǝ̄̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: lǝ̄̀w

Middle Chinese: lʌ́w

English meaning : a k. of bamboo basket [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: корзинка, плетушка (из бамбука)

Comments: Also read *rō, MC lʌw; *roʔ, MC lǘ id. Standard Sino-Viet. is lâu. Viet. ró (cf. another variant: rô` 'basket') reflects PAA *(kǝ)ruh / *(kǝ)roh 'basket' which may be the source of the Chinese word. For *r cf. Fuzhou leu³, Jianou le³.

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 8825

Vietnamese reading: ró

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