Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 伽

Modern (Beijing) reading: ga

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 伺

Modern (Beijing) reading: sì

Preclassic Old Chinese: slhǝ

Classic Old Chinese: sl̥ǝ

Western Han Chinese: sl̥ǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: s(h)jǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jɨ

Middle Chinese: sjɨ

English meaning : to spy [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) подглядывать, высматривать, шпионить; подкарауливать, поджидать; 2) прислуживать(ся); оказывать услуги

Comments: Also read *slhǝ-s, MC sjɨ̀ id.

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3306

Karlgren code: 0972 f

Character: 伸

Modern (Beijing) reading: shēn

Preclassic Old Chinese: slhǝn

Classic Old Chinese: sl̥in

Western Han Chinese: sl̥jǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: s(h)jǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jin

Late Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jin

Middle Chinese: śin

English meaning : to stretch, prolong, continue, repeat (LZ)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вытягивать(ся), выпрямлять(ся); 2) жаловаться; отводить душу, сетовать; 3) объяснять; докладывать, вм. 申

Comments: See 申.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 2645

Karlgren code: 0385 f

Character: 佃

Modern (Beijing) reading: diàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhīn

Classic Old Chinese: lhīn

Western Han Chinese: lhjǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: lhiǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhiēn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhiēn

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhiēn

Middle Chinese: dien

English meaning : to hunt

Russian meaning[s]: 1) арендовать землю; крестьянин-арендатор; обрабатывать землю; 2) охотиться

Comments: Since Han read *lhīn, *lhīn-s ( = 田 q. v.) 'to cultivate the land).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1720

Karlgren code: 0362 d

Character: 佔

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: threm

Classic Old Chinese: threm

Western Han Chinese: ṭhjam

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭhjam

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭhjem

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭhjem

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭhjem

Middle Chinese: ṭhem

English meaning : look, observe [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) занять, оккупировать; захватить, завладеть; 2) составлять (напр. столько-то процентов)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1252

Karlgren code: 0618 f

Character: 似

Modern (Beijing) reading: sì

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lhǝ́

Western Han Chinese: lhǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: zhjǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhjɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhjɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhjɨ́

Middle Chinese: zjɨ́

English meaning : to resemble, imitate

Russian meaning[s]: 1) быть похожим; походить на...; выглядеть, казаться (чем-л.); 2) похоже, как будто, по-видимому; 3) чем (в конструкциях сравнения); 4) давать, преподносить; 5) продолжение рода, потомки

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is tụ'. Another loan from the same source is Viet. tụ'a 'like, similar'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 7807

Karlgren code: 0976 h

Vietnamese reading: tọ'

Character: 但

Modern (Beijing) reading: dàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhānʔ

Classic Old Chinese: dhā́n

Western Han Chinese: dhā́n

Eastern Han Chinese: dhā́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhā́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhā́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhā́n

Middle Chinese: dấn

English meaning : only [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: однако, но; только

Comments: Probably related to 袒 *dhānʔ q.v., hence aspiration.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 15

Karlgren code: 0149 e

Character: �

Modern (Beijing) reading: guai

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 作

Modern (Beijing) reading: zuò zuō zù

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćāk

Classic Old Chinese: cāk

Western Han Chinese: cāk

Eastern Han Chinese: cāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: cāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: cāk

Middle Chinese: câk

Fanqie: 則郝 [a] 子餓 [b]

Rhyme class: 藥 [a] 藥 [b] 御 [c]

English meaning : to act, do, make, create; to act as, be; to start working, start; be active, agitate

Russian meaning[s]: 1) делать; создавать, творить; писать (книгу); 2) действовать; приниматься за...; воодушевлять(ся); 3) вставать, возникать; появляться; 4) быть, являться; принимать (считать) за...; [обращаться] как с...; в качестве; 5) быть в ходу, обращаться; действовать; 6) разразиться; [zuō] 1) ремесленник; рабочий; работа; 2) место работы; 3) навлечь на себя

Shuowen gloss: 起也. 從人. 從乍.

Comments: Also read *ćāk-s, MC (irregularly) cầ (FQ 則箇) id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 2031

Karlgren code: 0806 l

Jianchuan Bai: cu4

Dali Bai: cü4

Bijiang Bai: ci4

Shijing occurrences: 50.1

Character: 你

Modern (Beijing) reading: nǐ

Middle Chinese: ṇɨ́

English meaning : you, thou [Sui]

Russian meaning[s]: ты, твой

Comments: A late variant of 爾 and 汝 q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 8214

Character: 伯

Modern (Beijing) reading: bó

Preclassic Old Chinese: prāk

Classic Old Chinese: prāk

Western Han Chinese: prāk

Eastern Han Chinese: prāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: pẹ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pẹ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: pẹ̄k

Middle Chinese: pạ̣̈ik

English meaning : be the eldest

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дядя (старший брат отца); 2) старший из братьев; 3) граф; бо, стар. третья степень дворянства; [bà] тиран, вм. 霸

Comments: The word is very frequently used to denote a clan title - clan elder, lord. It is also used verbally: 'to sacrifice to the horse's ancestor'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1631

Karlgren code: 0782 i

Vietnamese reading: bác

Shijing occurrences: 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 37.1, 37.4, 39.2

Character: 低

Modern (Beijing) reading: dī

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝ̄j (~ -īj)

Classic Old Chinese: tǝ̄j

Western Han Chinese: tǝ̄j

Eastern Han Chinese: tǝ̄j

Early Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄j

Late Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: tiej

English meaning : low, bottom [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) низ; внизу; низкий, низменный, подлый; опускаться, понижаться; спускать; сдвинуть вниз; 2) склонять(ся), наклонять(ся)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 6695

Karlgren code: 0590 e

Character: 伶

Modern (Beijing) reading: líng

Preclassic Old Chinese: rēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: rēŋ

Western Han Chinese: rēŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: riēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: liēŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: liēŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: liēŋ

Middle Chinese: lieŋ

English meaning : comedian

Russian meaning[s]: 1) музыканты; актеры; 2) ловкий; 3) остроумный; 4) одинокий; 5) Лин (фамилия)

Comments: For *r- cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou liŋ², Chaozhou leŋ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 2066

Karlgren code: 0823 g

Character: 余

Modern (Beijing) reading: yú

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ła

Classic Old Chinese: Ła

Western Han Chinese: la

Eastern Han Chinese: źa

Early Postclassic Chinese: źo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jo

Late Postclassic Chinese: jo

Middle Chinese: jö

Fanqie: 欲渠

Rhyme class: 迂

English meaning : I, we

Russian meaning[s]: 1) я, я сам, мой; 2) остаток, см. 餘; 3) Юй (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 語之舒也. 從八. 舍省聲.

Comments: = 予 q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 8308

Karlgren code: 0082 a-e

Shijing occurrences: 35.6

Character: 佝

Modern (Beijing) reading: gou

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 佈

Modern (Beijing) reading: bù

Russian meaning[s]: 1) расставить, расположить; 2) опубликовывать, объявлять, распространять; вводить, вм. 布

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3863

Character: 佚

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łit

Classic Old Chinese: Łit

Western Han Chinese: ljǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨt

Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨt

Middle Chinese: jit

English meaning : to let go, fail

Russian meaning[s]: 1) покой, отдых; праздность, безделье; 2) бежать; покинуть; оставить [дела], уйти в отставку; 3) растерять; разрозненный; 4) проступок; ошибка; ошибаться, вм. 失; 5) И (фамилия)

Comments: A somewhat later meaning is 'to live in retirement, seclusion' (obviously derived from the basic meaning). In later times the word was frequently confused with 逸 yì 'to relax, be at ease' (thus also in Schüssler's dictionary); the latter word, however, securely rhymes in *-et in OC and must be reconstructed as *let (or *Łet), the MC reading jit being due to later confusion.

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 5976

Karlgren code: 0402 b

Vietnamese reading: dật

Character: 兌

Modern (Beijing) reading: duì

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ł(h)ōts

Classic Old Chinese: Ł(h)wāć

Western Han Chinese: lwāś (~ Łh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l(h)wāś

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wāś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wā̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wā̀j

Middle Chinese: dwầj

English meaning : to open a passage through, clear

Russian meaning[s]: 1) менять, обменивать; разменивать; 2) разбавлять, разводить; разливать; 3) доводить, доставлять; платить; вносить; 4) взвешивать; 5) Дуй (название триграммы в Ицзине); [yuè] радоваться, вм. 悅

Comments: Also read *ƛ(h)ōts (MC thwầj, Pek. tùi) id.; *Ł(h)ōts 'glad' (LZ).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 10

Four-angle index: 7393

Karlgren code: 0324 a-c

Character: 克

Modern (Beijing) reading: kè

Preclassic Old Chinese: khǝ̄k

Classic Old Chinese: khǝ̄k

Western Han Chinese: khǝ̄k

Eastern Han Chinese: khǝ̄k

Early Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄k

Middle Chinese: khʌk

English meaning : be capable, predominate; to conquer, vanquish; be able, can, be willing

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мочь, быть в состоянии; 2) одолеть, победить, преодолеть; 3) нести на плечах; 4) установить; 5) сокр. грамм

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 10

Four-angle index: 7383

Karlgren code: 0903 a-g

Character: 免

Modern (Beijing) reading: miǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: marʔ

Classic Old Chinese: mán

Western Han Chinese: mán

Eastern Han Chinese: mwán

Early Postclassic Chinese: mén

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mén

Late Postclassic Chinese: mén

Middle Chinese: mén

English meaning : to escape, avoid, exempt [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) избежать; уйти от..., ускользнуть от...; 2) освободить(ся) от...; избавить(ся) от....; сложить с себя; 3) освободить от сборов; бесплатный; 4) снять (напр. шапку); убрать; 5) уйти в отставку; уволить(ся); 6) не следует, нельзя; [wèn] траур, см. 絻

Comments: MC mén is not quite regular (*mǝ́n would be normally expected). For *m- cf. Xiamen bian³, Chaozhou, Fuzhou mieŋ³, Jianou miŋ³. Also read *m(h)ǝr-s, MC mǜn, Mand. wèn 'to mourn, mourning'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 10

Four-angle index: 7570

Karlgren code: 0222 a

Vietnamese reading: miễn