Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 壘

Modern (Beijing) reading: lěi

Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)ujʔ

Classic Old Chinese: r(h)wǝ́j

Western Han Chinese: r(h)wǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)wǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)wíj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)wíj

Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)wí

Middle Chinese: lwí

English meaning : rampart [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) окоп; вал; насыпь; 2) собирать в кучу; сложить

Comments: The character is sometimes used instead of 累 *ruj 'to bind' (q.v.); in Han time it was also used with the reading *r(h)ūj-s 'big stone' (also written as 礧; comments to Shanhaijing also note a level-tone reading *rhūj (=雷) in this meaning, but it is not attested in MC dictionaries).

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 191

Vietnamese reading: lũy

Character: 嬸

Modern (Beijing) reading: shěn

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝmʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tǝ́m

Western Han Chinese: tǝ́m

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝ́m

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćím

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćím

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćím

Middle Chinese: śím

English meaning : aunt (father's younger brother's wife) [Song]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тетка, жена младшего брата отца; 2) жена младшего брата мужа

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is thâ`m. For *t (without fricativization) cf. Xiamen cim³.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 1786

Vietnamese reading: thím

Character: 彝

Modern (Beijing) reading: yí

Preclassic Old Chinese: lǝj

Classic Old Chinese: lǝj

Western Han Chinese: lǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨj

Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨj

Middle Chinese: ji

English meaning : ritual, norm; ritual vessel; name of the West wind

Russian meaning[s]: 1) кубок, чаша; ритуальная утварь; 2) закон; этическая норма; 3) И (название народности)

Comments: Also written as 夷 (with which - in the meaning 'be level' - it is possibly related).

Radical: 58

Four-angle index: 2759

Character: 擾

Modern (Beijing) reading: rǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: nawʔ

Classic Old Chinese: náw

Western Han Chinese: náw

Eastern Han Chinese: ńáw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ńéw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńéw

Late Postclassic Chinese: ńéw

Middle Chinese: ńéw

English meaning : be docile; to disturb, make merry

Russian meaning[s]: 1) беспокоить, мешать; возмущать, сеять смуту; тревожить; совершать набег (напр. на границы); 2) принимать приглашение к столу; 3) успокаивать, водворять спокойствие; усмирять; послушный, податливый; 4) приручать, держать [животных]; домашние животные

Comments: For *n cf. Xiamen ʒiau³, Chaozhou ziǝu³, Fuzhou ieu³.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 6330

Karlgren code: 1152 a

Character: 擺

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǎi

Preclassic Old Chinese: prēʔ

Classic Old Chinese: prḗ

Western Han Chinese: prḗ

Eastern Han Chinese: priḗ

Early Postclassic Chinese: piẹ̄́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: piẹ̄́

Late Postclassic Chinese: piẹ̄́

Middle Chinese: pạ̈́

English meaning : to push open

Russian meaning[s]: 1) расставить, расположить; выставить; поставить; положить; накрыть (стол); 2) качать(ся); махать; маятник; 3) распоряжаться; устанавливать; 4) держать [переправу на реке]

Comments: Attested since Han.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 7029

Character: 斷

Modern (Beijing) reading: duàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: dōnʔ

Classic Old Chinese: dwā́n

Western Han Chinese: dwā́n

Eastern Han Chinese: dwā́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: dwā́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dwā́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: dwā́n

Middle Chinese: dwấn

English meaning : to cut up, cut off; decide

Russian meaning[s]: 1) разрубить; переломить; разорвать; 2) прекратить (подачу); отказать в...; отказаться от...; 3) решить, определить; присудить к...; 4) решительно, определенно; категорически; перед отрицанием отнюдь не..., ни в коем случае; категорически не...

Comments: Also read *tōnʔ, MC twấn; *tōnʔ-s, MC twần, Viet. d_oán; *dōnʔ-s, MC dwần. See also 段 *dōnʔ-s. An older loan from the same source is Viet. d_ốn 'to cut down, chop down'. For *d- cf. Fuzhou tuaŋ⁶; Siam. dhɔ̄́n (*dōn).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 69

Four-angle index: 1980

Karlgren code: 0170 a

Vietnamese reading: d_oạn

Character: 櫃

Modern (Beijing) reading: guì

Preclassic Old Chinese: gruts (~ -js)

Classic Old Chinese: grwǝć

Western Han Chinese: grwǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: grwǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: gwiś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gwìj

Late Postclassic Chinese: gwì

Middle Chinese: gwì

English meaning : box, coffer

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сундук; шкаф; комод; сейф; 2) прилавок, стойка

Comments: In Early Chou written without the 75th radical: 匱. Another colloquial loan from the same source is Viet. quầy 'counter, bar' (the word has this meaning in modern Mand., too). Regular Sino-Viet. is qũy. For *g cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou kui⁶, Chaozhou kũĩ⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 813

Karlgren code: 0540 h

Vietnamese reading: cũi

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