Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 關

Modern (Beijing) reading: guān wān

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷrān ʔʷrān

Classic Old Chinese: kwrān

Western Han Chinese: kwrān

Eastern Han Chinese: kwrān

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwạ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwạ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwạ̄n

Middle Chinese: kwạn ʔwạn

Fanqie: 姑彎

Rhyme class: 刪

English meaning : barrier, frontier gate

Russian meaning[s]: 1) закрывать, затворять; запор; 2) застава; горный проход; таможня; пограничный пункт; 3) касаться, относиться; отношение, связь; относительно; касающийся, имеющий отношение; ближайший; 4) важнейший пункт, ключ к вопросу; решающий момент; 5) получать (жалованье); 6) извещать, объявлять; 7) Гуань (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 以木橫持門戶也.

Comments: The first and original meaning of the graph is 'barrier, frontier gate'; but in Shi 1,1 it is used for a homonymous *kʷrān 'to go guan-guan, sound made by a bird'. During LZ also used as a loan for *ʔʷrān (MC ʔwạn, Pek. wān) "to bend (e.g. the bow)".

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 169

Four-angle index: 3410

Karlgren code: 0187 b-c

Go-on: kuwen

Kan-on: kuwan

Japanese reading: kan+;seki+;kannuki;tozasu;kakawaru;azukaru

Shijing occurrences: 1.1, 58.2_

Character: 隴

Modern (Beijing) reading: lǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: rhoŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: rhóŋ

Western Han Chinese: rhóŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: rhóŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: lhóŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lhóŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: lhóŋ

Middle Chinese: lö́uŋ

English meaning : mound [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сокр. провинция Ганьсу; 2) насыпь, вм. 壟

Comments: = 壟. For *rh cf. Jianou löŋ⁸.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 7162

Karlgren code: 1193 g

Character: 難

Modern (Beijing) reading: nán

Preclassic Old Chinese: nār

Classic Old Chinese: nān

Western Han Chinese: nān

Eastern Han Chinese: nān

Early Postclassic Chinese: nān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: nān

Late Postclassic Chinese: nān

Middle Chinese: nân

English meaning : be difficult

Russian meaning[s]: трудный, тяжелый; трудно, неудобно; вежл. нельзя, не могу; затруднять, беспокоить, обременять; [nàn] 1) бедствие; смута; 2) обвинять, укорять; 3) ставить в затруднительное положение; [nuó] 1) пышный (о листве); 2) см. 儺

Comments: Also read *nār-s, MC nần, Mand. nàn, Viet. nạn 'difficulty; to balk'. For *n- cf. Xiamen lan², Chaozhou laŋ², Fuzhou naŋ², Jianou nuiŋ² (*nār-s: Xiamen lan⁶, Chaozhou laŋ⁶, Fuzhou naŋ⁶, Jianou nuiŋ⁶).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 172

Four-angle index: 885

Karlgren code: 0152 d-g

Vietnamese reading: nan

Jianchuan Bai: na7

Dali Bai: na7

Bijiang Bai: ne7

Character: 霪

Modern (Beijing) reading: yín

Russian meaning[s]: затяжные дожди, длительное ненастье

Radical: 173

Four-angle index: 311

Character: 霧

Modern (Beijing) reading: wù

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhos (~ -ks)

Classic Old Chinese: mhoh

Western Han Chinese: mhwah

Eastern Han Chinese: mhwah

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhwò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhwò

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhwò

Middle Chinese: mǜ

English meaning : fog [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) туман; мгла, дымка; 2) густо, во множестве

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is vụ; see also 蒙. For *mh- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou bu⁶, Fuzhou muo⁵.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 173

Four-angle index: 4755

Karlgren code: 1109 t

Vietnamese reading: mù

Jianchuan Bai: mɨ7-

Dali Bai: u4-

Bijiang Bai: mɨ7-

Character: 靡

Modern (Beijing) reading: mǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: majʔ

Classic Old Chinese: máj

Western Han Chinese: máj

Eastern Han Chinese: máj

Early Postclassic Chinese: máj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: máj

Late Postclassic Chinese: máj

Middle Chinese: mé

English meaning : there is no, without

Russian meaning[s]: 1) не иметь; не имеется, нет; не; без; 2) прийти в упадок; склониться; повалиться; 3) мотать; мотовство; излишество; 4) красивый, прекрасный

Comments: Sch. writes: "Occurs only in Shi, together with the synonymous 無. Wherever there is a contrast between the two, 靡 tends to be subordinated to the main verb (nom., adj.), while in 85% of all occurrences, 無 is the main verb." During Late Zhou the character was used for a number of homophonous words ("small"; "let fall", "squander, prodigal", "exhaust","rub","obey","connect" - see GSR).

Radical: 175

Four-angle index: 2740

Karlgren code: 0017 h

Shijing occurrences: 37.3, 39.1, 45.1, 45.2, 58.5

Character: 韜

Modern (Beijing) reading: tāo

Russian meaning[s]: 1) чехол для лука; ножны; класть в ножны; 2) скрывать; 3) стар. военное искусство

Radical: 178

Four-angle index: 1053

Karlgren code: 1078 g

Character: 韻

Modern (Beijing) reading: yùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: wǝns

Classic Old Chinese: wǝnh

Western Han Chinese: wǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: wǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: wɨ̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wɨ̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: wɨ̀n

Middle Chinese: ɦǜn

English meaning : rhyme [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) рифма; рифмованный; 2) фон. концовка слога; 3) тонкий, изысканный; изящество

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is vận. For *w cf. Xiamen un⁶, Chaozhou uŋ⁶, Fuzhou oŋ⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 180

Four-angle index: 7959

Vietnamese reading: vần

Character: 類

Modern (Beijing) reading: lèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: ruts

Classic Old Chinese: rwǝć

Western Han Chinese: rwǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: rwǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: lwɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lwɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: lwɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: lwì

English meaning : be up to standards, good

Russian meaning[s]: 1) род, порода; вид, группа, класс, разряд; сорт, категория; 2) классифицировать; классификация; сортировка; 3) похожий, подобный; сходный, аналогичный; быть похожим; 4) наподобие, вроде; 5) вообще, в основном; по большей части; 6) древн. пристрастный, несправедливый; 8) Лэй (фамилия)

Radical: 181

Four-angle index: 8108

Character: �

Modern (Beijing) reading: lèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: ruts

Classic Old Chinese: rwǝć

Western Han Chinese: rwǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: rwǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: lwɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lwɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: lwɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: lwì

English meaning : be up to standards, good

Comments: Later normally used with the meaning 'standard > class, sort'. In E.Zhou used also for a homonymous *ruts 'name of a sacrifice'. Regular Sino-Viet. is loại.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0529 a

Vietnamese reading: loài

Character: 願

Modern (Beijing) reading: yuàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋors

Classic Old Chinese: ŋwanh

Western Han Chinese: ŋwanh

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋwanh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋwàn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋwǝ̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋwǝ̀n

Middle Chinese: ŋʷǝ̀n

English meaning : to long for, wish

Russian meaning[s]: 1) чаять, желать; жаждать; хотеть; намереваться; желание; охотно; 2) завидовать; 3) каждый раз

Comments: OC rhymes are somewhat ambiguous (allow as well for a reconstruction *ŋons), but xie-sheng speaks strongly in favour of *ŋors. Viet. has also a parallel colloquial reading nyền. For *ŋ- cf. Xiamen an⁶, Chaozhou ŋueŋ⁴, Fuzhou ŋuoŋ⁶, Jianou ŋüiŋ⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 181

Four-angle index: 8134

Karlgren code: 0258 f

Vietnamese reading: nguyện

Shijing occurrences: 30.3, 30.4, 44.1, 44.2

Character: 顛

Modern (Beijing) reading: diān

Preclassic Old Chinese: tīn

Classic Old Chinese: tīn

Western Han Chinese: tjǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: tiǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: tiēn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tiēn

Late Postclassic Chinese: tiēn

Middle Chinese: tien

English meaning : to turn over, fall over, collapse; top of the head

Russian meaning[s]: 1) макушка, темя; верхушка; 2) основа; начало; 3) опрокинуться, упасть ничком; вниз головой; вверх ногами; 4) помешанный, см. 癲; 5) Дянь (фамилия)

Comments: = 蹎.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 181

Four-angle index: 8128

Karlgren code: 0375 m

Shijing occurrences: 35.5

Character: 颼

Modern (Beijing) reading: sōu

Russian meaning[s]: шуметь (о ветре); свист ветра

Radical: 182

Four-angle index: 7670

Character: 饅

Modern (Beijing) reading: mán

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)ān

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)ān

Western Han Chinese: m(h)ān

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)ān

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ān

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ān

Middle Chinese: mwân

English meaning : eel

Russian meaning[s]: хлебец, приготовленный на пару; пампушка

Comments: Also read *m(h)an, MC mwǝn id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 184

Four-angle index: 6029

Character: 饉

Modern (Beijing) reading: jǐn

Preclassic Old Chinese: grǝns

Classic Old Chinese: grǝnh

Western Han Chinese: grǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: grǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: gìn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gìn

Late Postclassic Chinese: gìn

Middle Chinese: gìn

English meaning : famine

Russian meaning[s]: 1) недород, неурожай [овощей]; 2) см. 殣

Comments: For *g cf. Fuzhou köüŋ⁶, Jianou köŋ⁶.

Radical: 184

Four-angle index: 419

Karlgren code: 0480 r-s

Character: 騖

Modern (Beijing) reading: wù

Russian meaning[s]: 1) быстрый, скорый; резвый; 2) бежать сломя голову, нестись; 3) распущенный; несдержанный; 4) жадный, алчный

Radical: 187

Four-angle index: 4605

Karlgren code: 1109 l

Character: 騙

Modern (Beijing) reading: piàn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) обманывать; мошенничать; выманивать; 2) вскочить [на лошадь]

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 187

Four-angle index: 3701

Character: 鬍

Modern (Beijing) reading: hú

Russian meaning[s]: борода; усы

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 190

Four-angle index: 3477

Character: 鯨

Modern (Beijing) reading: jīng

Preclassic Old Chinese: graŋ

Classic Old Chinese: graŋ

Western Han Chinese: graŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: greŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: geŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: geŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: geŋ

Middle Chinese: gäiŋ

English meaning : whale [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: кит

Comments: Modern Mand. jīng, as well as Fuzhou kiŋ¹ point to a variant *kraŋ; therefore aspiration in Chaozhou kheŋ² is probably secondary (due to the level tone) and does not point to OC *ghraŋ.

Radical: 195

Four-angle index: 8222

Karlgren code: 0755 f

Vietnamese reading: kình

Character: 鯧

Modern (Beijing) reading: chang

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0