Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 到

Modern (Beijing) reading: dào

Preclassic Old Chinese: tāwʔs

Classic Old Chinese: tāwh

Western Han Chinese: tāwh

Eastern Han Chinese: tāwh

Early Postclassic Chinese: tā̀w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tā̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: tā̀w

Middle Chinese: tầw

English meaning : to go to, arrive

Russian meaning[s]: 1) доезжать, доходить, достигать; бывать в...; 2) попасть; приплыть; прибыть, явиться, присутствовать; 3) заполучить; 4) все же, тем не менее, вм. 倒; 5) повсеместный; каждый; 6) в, к, до; вводит обстоятельство места или времени обычно с последующим 來, 去 и др.; 7) суффикс завершения цели действия; 8) полный, совершенный; 9) Дао (фамилия)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2809

Karlgren code: 1132 a-b

Vietnamese reading: d_áo

Character: 刮

Modern (Beijing) reading: guā

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷrāt

Classic Old Chinese: kwrāt

Western Han Chinese: kwrāt

Eastern Han Chinese: kwrāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwạ̄t

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwạ̄t

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwạ̄t

Middle Chinese: kʷạ̣t

English meaning : to scrape, polish [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) строгать; скоблить; 2) брить; 3) стирать, счищать; 4) сдирать кожу; ободрать; обобрать; 5) дуть (о ветре), см. 颳

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2821

Karlgren code: 0302 n

Jianchuan Bai: kua4

Dali Bai: kua5

Bijiang Bai: qõ4, ?ua2

Character: 制

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhì

Preclassic Old Chinese: kets

Classic Old Chinese: keć

Western Han Chinese: kjaś

Eastern Han Chinese: kjaś

Early Postclassic Chinese: kjeś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kjèj

Late Postclassic Chinese: kjèj

Middle Chinese: ćèj

English meaning : to cut out, formulate; restrict, train

Russian meaning[s]: 1) режим, строй; система; привести в систему; 2) господствовать, подчинять; распоряжаться, управлять; 3) решить, постановить; 4) навязать свою волю; подавить; ограничить; пресечь; 5) выработать, создать; составить; сделать; 6) траур по родителям

Comments: Also means 'mourning (for parents)' - because of the specially cut mourning clothes.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2858

Karlgren code: 0335 a

Vietnamese reading: chế

Character: 剁

Modern (Beijing) reading: duò

Preclassic Old Chinese: tōjs

Classic Old Chinese: twājh

Western Han Chinese: twājh

Eastern Han Chinese: twǟh

Early Postclassic Chinese: twā̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: twā̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: twā̀

Middle Chinese: twầ

English meaning : to mince, chop [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: рубить, крошить, кромсать

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2881

Jianchuan Bai: tõ2

Dali Bai: tuo3

Bijiang Bai: to2

Character: 劾

Modern (Beijing) reading: hé

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ǝ̄k

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ǝ̄k

Western Han Chinese: gǝ̄k (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ̄k (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄k (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄k (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄k (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣʌk

English meaning : to accuse, demand satisfaction [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: обвинять; доносить о преступлении; жаловаться (напр. на чиновника)

Comments: Also read *g(h)ǝ̄k-s, MC ɣл̀j id. In Viet. also read hặc.

Radical: 19

Four-angle index: 4716

Karlgren code: 0937 x

Vietnamese reading: hạch

Character: 卒

Modern (Beijing) reading: zú

Preclassic Old Chinese: cut

Classic Old Chinese: cwǝt

Western Han Chinese: cwǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: cjwǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjwit

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjwit

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjwit

Middle Chinese: cjwit

English meaning : to finish, end, exhaust

Comments: In L.Zhou used also for *cūt, MC cot (FQ 臧沒), Pek. zú 'soldier' (which, in the later meaning of 'chess pawn' was borrowed in Viet. as chốt); *shūt, MC chot 'brusque'. A still later (Han) reading is *shūt, MC chot (FQ 倉沒), Mand. cù, Viet. chọ't 'sudden(ly)' (cf. also Viet. thoạt 'as soon as', thoắt 'quickly, suddenly'). Regular Sino-Vietnamese forms are: tốt (for MC cjwit), thốt (for MC chot).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0490 a

Vietnamese reading: chót

Shijing occurrences: 29.4_

Character: 協

Modern (Beijing) reading: xié

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ēp

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ēp

Western Han Chinese: gjāp (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: giāp (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: giēp (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: giēp (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: giēp (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣiep

English meaning : to adjust, harmonize; name for the East wind

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сотрудничать; кооперировать; совместно; 2) согласие; гармонировать; быть в согласии; 3) созвучие, гармония; быть созвучным, рифмоваться

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 24

Four-angle index: 4705

Karlgren code: 0639 b-c

Character: 卓

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhuó

Preclassic Old Chinese: trākʷ

Classic Old Chinese: trāuk

Western Han Chinese: ṭāuk

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭāuk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭạ̄uk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭọ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭọ̄k

Middle Chinese: ṭạuk

English meaning : be splendid, great

Russian meaning[s]: 1) высокий; возвышаться; стоять отвесно (прямо); 2) быть приметным (всем известным); 3) независимый; с достоинством; 4) Чжо (фамилия); [zhuō] стол, вм. 桌

Comments: In Early Zhou texts written with the 9th radical 人.

Radical: 24

Four-angle index: 2261

Karlgren code: 1126 a

Vietnamese reading: trác

Character: 卑

Modern (Beijing) reading: bēi

Preclassic Old Chinese: pe

Classic Old Chinese: pe

Western Han Chinese: pe

Eastern Han Chinese: pje

Early Postclassic Chinese: pje

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pje

Late Postclassic Chinese: pje

Middle Chinese: pje

English meaning : be low, humble

Russian meaning[s]: низкий, подлый; вежл. я; мой

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 24

Four-angle index: 2275

Karlgren code: 0874 a-b

Character: 卦

Modern (Beijing) reading: guà

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷrēs

Classic Old Chinese: kwrēh

Western Han Chinese: kwrēh

Eastern Han Chinese: kwriēh

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwiẹ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwiẹ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwiẹ̄̀

Middle Chinese: kwạ̈̀

English meaning : trigram, hexagram (used in divination)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) триграмма; гексаграмма; 2) гадать, предсказывать; 3) 10-е число (в телеграммах)

Comments: Attested already in Yijing, but absent from Schüssler's dictionary. Standard Sino-Viet. is quái.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 25

Four-angle index: 1955

Karlgren code: 0879 s

Vietnamese reading: que`

Character: 卷

Modern (Beijing) reading: juàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷrenʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kwrén

Western Han Chinese: kwrján

Eastern Han Chinese: kwrán

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwén

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwén

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwén

Middle Chinese: kwén

English meaning : to roll, roll over, turn over

Russian meaning[s]: 1) свиток (книга, картина); 2) книга, тетрадь; том; раздел; 3) экзаменационное сочинение; 4) канцелярское дело; [juǎn] сворачивать, см. 捲; [quán] свернутый; скрученный; завитой; изогнутый

Shuowen gloss: 膝曲也.從**.#聲. [431]

Comments: The word occurs only within one rhyming sequence in *-anʔ, but both xiesheng and external parallels are in favour of reconstructing *-enʔ. Used also within the binome 卷耳 *kʷrenʔ nǝʔ 'cocklebur' (Xanthium strumarium) ("bent ears").

Also read *kʷrenʔ-s, MC kwèn (FQ 居倦), Mand. juàn 'reel, coil, volume'; *g(h)ʷren, MC gwen (FQ 巨員), Mand. quán 'be bent, curved, curled; handsome, beautiful'.

In the latter meaning the word is written as 鬈 in Shijing.

In Vietnamese colloquial readings are cuốn, cuộn, quăn, quắn, quặn and quấn; literary (Sino-Viet.) - quyê`n and quyền (the latter - for MC gwen).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 26

Four-angle index: 7071

Karlgren code: 0226 a

Vietnamese reading: cuốn

Bijiang Bai: kuĩ4

Shijing occurrences: 3.1, 26.3_

Character: 卸

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiè

Russian meaning[s]: 1) разгрузить, выгрузить; 2) распрячь, выпрячь (лошадь); 3) сложить с себя (обязанности, ответственность); 4) раздеться, снять (платье)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 26

Four-angle index: 2080

Character: 卹

Modern (Beijing) reading: xù

Preclassic Old Chinese: swhit

Classic Old Chinese: sw̥it

Western Han Chinese: sw̥jǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: sjwǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjwit

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjwit

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjwit

Middle Chinese: sjwit

English meaning : solicitude, care about [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: сжалиться; оказать материальную помощь, выдать пособие, см. 恤

Comments: Also read *swhǝ̄t, MC sot 'rub, brush'.

Radical: 26

Four-angle index: 2083

Karlgren code: 0410 f-h

Character: 取

Modern (Beijing) reading: qǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćhoʔ

Classic Old Chinese: chó

Western Han Chinese: chwá

Eastern Han Chinese: chjwá

Early Postclassic Chinese: chjwó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: chjwó

Late Postclassic Chinese: chjwó

Middle Chinese: chjǘ

English meaning : to take, accept; collect (payment)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) брать, получать; выбрать, взять; 2) подвергаться; принимать; 3) отбирать; 4) применять; пускать в дело; 5) призывать; навлекать (на себя); 6) отстоять от...; находиться на (таком-то расстоянии); 7) жениться, см. 娶

Comments: Also read *ćhōʔ, MC chл́w id.; *ćhoʔ-s, MC chjǜ, Pek. qù 'to take wife'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 29

Four-angle index: 5919

Karlgren code: 0131 a-d

Character: 叔

Modern (Beijing) reading: shú

Preclassic Old Chinese: tikʷ (~ -uk)

Classic Old Chinese: tiuk (~ -uk)

Western Han Chinese: tjǝuk (~ -ǝuk)

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝuk (~ -ǝuk)

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćɨuk (~ -ɨuk)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćuk

Late Postclassic Chinese: śuk

Middle Chinese: śük

English meaning : third to second-to-last of brothers, junior

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дядя (младший брат отца); свояк (младший брат мужа); 2) третий из четырех братьев; 3) молодой; младший; последний; 4) Шу (фамилия)

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *tikʷ (~*tuk) 'gather; harvest'. For *t- cf. Min forms: Xiamen cik⁷, Chaozhou cek⁷.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 29

Four-angle index: 5943

Karlgren code: 1031 b-d

Vietnamese reading: thúc

Shijing occurrences: 37.1, 37.3, 37.4

Character: 受

Modern (Beijing) reading: shòu

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)uʔ

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ú

Western Han Chinese: d(h)ǝ́w

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)ǝ́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)íw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)ǝ́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)ǝ́w

Middle Chinese: ʒ́ǝ́w

Fanqie: 市酉

Rhyme class: 有

English meaning : to receive, accept

Russian meaning[s]: 1) получать, принимать; воспринимать; перенимать; 2) годиться, быть годным; 3) подвергаться; терпеть, выносить; испытывать; 4) формант пассивной конструкции глагола

Shuowen gloss: 相付也. 從{爪又}. 舟省聲.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 29

Four-angle index: 6046

Karlgren code: 1085 a-c

Vietnamese reading: thụ

Shijing occurrences: 26.4

Character: 味

Modern (Beijing) reading: wèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝts

Classic Old Chinese: mǝć

Western Han Chinese: mǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: mwǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: mwɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mwɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: mwɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: mwɨ̀j

English meaning : taste [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вкус; привкус; 2) запах; аромат; вонь; 3) интерес; 4) изящество; прелесть; 5) наслаждаться; смаковать; 6) счетный суффикс лекарств

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is vị. Since the Chinese word also means (in later times) 'interest', Viet. muối 'interesting' may be traced back to the same source. For *m- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou bi⁶, Fuzhou muoi⁶, Jianou mi⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 5328

Karlgren code: 0531 g

Go-on: mi

Kan-on: bi

Japanese reading: mi+;aji+;ajiwau+

Vietnamese reading: mùi

Character: 呵

Modern (Beijing) reading: hē

Preclassic Old Chinese: hāj

Classic Old Chinese: hāj

Western Han Chinese: hāj

Eastern Han Chinese: hǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: hā

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hā

Late Postclassic Chinese: hā

Middle Chinese: xâ

Russian meaning[s]: кричать (на кого-либо); выговаривать (кому-л.); восклицать; [hā] 1) согревать дыханием; 2) смеяться; 3) зевать; [a] конечная восклицательная частица, вм. 啊

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 2982

Character: �

Modern (Beijing) reading: hē

Preclassic Old Chinese: hāj

Classic Old Chinese: hāj

Western Han Chinese: hāj

Eastern Han Chinese: hǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: hā

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hā

Late Postclassic Chinese: hā

Middle Chinese: xâ

English meaning : scold (LZ)

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0001 j

Character: 咖

Modern (Beijing) reading: ka

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0