Tamil derivates :acarttu (acartti-) to cause to be drowsy or sluggish; acati drowsiness; acappu inattentiveness, absence of mind; acāvu (acāvi-) to droop, languish, grow slack; acā languor, faintness; acai (-v-, -nt-) to be weary, exhausted, grow feeble, walk or ride slowly; acaivu weariness, exhaustion; añar (-v-, -nt-) to be lazy, slothful; n. mental distress, disease; ayar (-v-,-nt-) to lose consciousness (as in fainting, sleep, drunkenness), become weary, forget; (-pp-, -tt-) to forget; ayarcci, ayarti languor, faintness, forgetfulness; ayarppu, ayarvu forgetfulness; ayā languor, faintness; ayāvu (ayāvi-) to be distressed; añcal laziness, sloth
Kannada meaning :to feel disgusted, have an aversion or a dislike, be impatient; n. fatigue, faintness
Kannada derivates :asurusuru exhaustion; ayil, aylu bewilderment, madness; āsar_ to be weary; n. weariness, fatigue, languor
Tulu :ajakè
Tulu meaning :idleness
Tulu derivates :? āsarụ thirst, that which slakes thirst
Notes :As is often the case, there may be several roots confused in this DED entry; the most dubious forms are those in which Tamil has a palatal nasal (añar, añcal), because that would mean the original form is *anǯ-, although no other SDR languages show any forms with the nasal. The difference in semantics is also striking: "faint, drowsy, weary" vs. "lazy, slothful". The rest of the forms, however, are hard to separate from each other.
Notes :Two basic stems can be reconstructed for PSDR: *ata-n 'father' and *ata-i 'father's sister; mother-in-law'. However, the former is not really met outside of the Tamil-Malayalam area.
Number in DED :0142
Proto-South Dravidian :*atāẓa-
Meaning :evening; supper
Tamil :attāḷam
Tamil meaning :supper
Tamil derivates :attāẓam evening
Malayalam :attāẓam
Malayalam meaning :supper
Notes :An obscure Tamil-Malayalam isogloss, paired with *mutāẓa- 'morning; breakfast'. There is no productive suffix like *-āẓ- in SDR; the words look like borrowings from some outside source.
Number in DED :0143
Proto-South Dravidian :*aṭ-
Meaning :to discharge, flow, urinate
Tamil :aṭṭu (aṭṭi-)
Tamil meaning :to be discharged as pus, flow as honey; to pour (tr.)
Malayalam :aṭiyuka
Malayalam meaning :(eye) suffers from excessive secretion
Malayalam derivates :aṭṭuka to pour, (Kauṭ.) discharge (urine)
Notes :A dubious Nilgiri isogloss. If the comment about Toda oṭ < Badaga haṭṭu is true, both forms may reflect an older *paṭ-, but no such form seems to be present in Kannada either.
Tamil meaning :to cook, roast, fry, boil, melt (tr.)
Tamil derivates :aṭukkaḷai kitchen; aṭicil, aṭucil boiled rice; aṭuppu oven, fireplace for cooking, fire in the oven; aṭṭil kitchen, place for performing sacrifical ceremonies; aṭṭu a cake of coarse sugar; aṭṭ-uppu salt produced by evaporation; āṭu cooking, boiling, distillation
Kannada meaning :to cook, boil, dress, prepare a meal, mature (tr.); n. cooking
Kannada derivates :aḍi, aḍe cooking; aḍike, aẓke, aḍige, aḍuge cooking, boiling, etc.; aṭṭu to evaporate, dry up; n. the state of being free from moisture; aṭṭisu to cause to evaporate by boiling; aṭṭ-uppu salt produced by evaporation; aṇṭarisu to evaporate, as water by boiling; (Hav.) aṭṭumbaḷa kitchen
Notes :The variations in vowel length are due to the "gemination resistance" of the inlaut -v-, occasionally seen in other stems of the same type, i. e. the lengthening *āval < *avval is compensatory in nature. More troublesome is the initial h- in Kannaḍa and Tulu, as well as the origins of several different vocalic stems. The most common stem seems to be the nominal form *avali (the verb avali, āvali in Tamil is clearly secondary), but Tamil also has avala-m, whereas Malayalam has a simple āval < *avval. External parallels (Telugu) show that *aval-i is the most obvious candidate for PDR status.
Number in DED :0265
Proto-South Dravidian :*avaṇ- ~ *ambaṇ-
Meaning :a weight or measure
Tamil :avaṇam, amaṇam
Tamil meaning :a measure = 20,000 areca-nuts
Tamil derivates :ampaṇam a grain measure
Malayalam :avaṇam
Malayalam meaning :a weight or measure, a mason's rule or level
Notes :If the IA parallels given by Burrow & Emeneau (Pali ambaṇa-, ammaṇa- 'measure of capacity' < (?) Skt. armaṇa- 'a measure of one droṇa) belong here, the Tamil-Malayalam isogloss is obviously of IA origin.
Notes :A Tamil-Kannaḍa isogloss of unclear origin. The auslaut vowel is provisionally written as -a-, because a form like *avas-u would have naturally yielded an assimilated reflex *avus-u, but it cannot be excluded that -u- is primary either. The stem formally looks like a derivative from a verbal root *av[a]-, but no such root is attested. Burrow & Emeneau propose a relation with Tam. camai 'get ready, prepare, etc.', but this would be based on the traditional assumption of unconditioned "free variation" between initial affricates and zero in SDR, which has to be rejected.
