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Germanic etymology : Search within this database Total of 1991 record 100 pages
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Proto-Germanic: *ɵunga-, *ɵungian-
Meaning: heavy
Old Norse: ɵung-r `schwer', ɵungi m. `Bürde, Last', ɵüngja `bedrücken, plagen'
Norwegian: tung adj.; tüngja vb.
Swedish: tung adj.; tünga vb.
Danish: tung adj.; tünge vb.
Old High German: { ? Langob -gathungi `Mann eines gesellschaftlichen Rangen' }
Proto-Germanic: *ɵunkōn-
Meaning: wet, dye
Old High German: thunkōn `färben, eintauchen' (9.Jh.)
Middle High German: tunken, dunken wk. `tunken, (ein)tauchen'
German: tunken (макать)
Proto-Germanic: *ɵunnu-, *ɵunnia-
Meaning: thin
Old Norse: ɵunn-r `dünn, schwach, klar'
Norwegian: tunn
Swedish: tunn
Danish: tynd
Old English: ɵynne `thin'
English: thin
Old Frisian: thenne
Old Saxon: thunni `dünn, still, untief'
Middle Dutch: dunne
Dutch: dun
Middle Low German: dünne
Old High German: thunni (8.Jh.) `zart, schmal, schwach, dünn'
Middle High German: dünne 'dünn, zart, seicht'
German: dünn
Proto-Germanic: *ɵunra-z, *ɵunr
Meaning: thunder
Old Norse: ɵōrr, dat. ɵōri m. (ält. ɵunar-r) Göttername; ɵōrs-dagr m. `Donnerstag'
Norwegian: tor `Donner'; Torsdag
Swedish: Tor; dial. tōr'in `Donner'; Torsdag
Danish: Torsdag
Old English: ɵunor (-ar, -er, -ur), -es m. `thunder; one of the Teutonic gods, to whom Jupiter seems to have been considered most nearly to correspond'; { ɵunres-däg }
English: thunder, Thursday
Old Frisian: thuner; thunres-dei
Old Saxon: Thunar
Middle Dutch: donder, donre; donres-dach
Dutch: donder m.; Donderdag
Middle Low German: dunner, donner, donre, donder, dōner; dōner-dach
Old High German: Donar; thonar, donar (9.Jh.); Donares-tag
Middle High German: doner, toner; donre, tunre st. m. 'donner'
German: Donner
Proto-Germanic: *ɵurfan-; *ɵarbá-, *ɵarbṓ
Meaning: need, have to
Gothic: ɵɔrban (ɵarf; ɵɔrbum; ɵɔrfta) prt.-prs. `need; have to, must; have need of'; ɵɔrft-s (a) `necessary, useful'; ɵɔrft-s f. (i) `necessity, need'; ɵarb-s (a) `necessary'; *ɵarba f. (ō) `need, necessity'; ga-ɵarban wk. `abstain from, exercise self-control'
Old Norse: 1) ɵarfa wk. `nötig sein'; ɵurfa (ɵarf) prt.-prs. `bedürfen'; 2) ɵarf-r `nötig, nützlich', ɵɔrf f. `Bedarf, Not, Mangel; Veranlassung; Nutzen'; ɵarfa(st) `notig hebben'
Norwegian: tarva-st vb.; turva vb.; torv
Old Swedish: Run. uɵaraßa-sbA
Swedish: tarva vb.; tarv
Old Danish: tarve vb.; törve vb.
Danish: tarv
Old English: 2) ɵearf `Bedürfnis, Nutzen'; ɵearfian `missen'; ɵurfan (ɵearf) vb.
Old Frisian: thurf, thorf, thur, thor vb.
Old Saxon: tharvōn; thurvan (tharf) vb.; tharf sbs.
Middle Dutch: darven, derven `missen, derven'; dorven (darf) `ik heb notig'
Dutch: derven; durven `nodig hebben, moeten'
Middle Low German: dörven; darven; derf `Schwindsucht'
Old High German: 1) thurfan (tharf) `bedürftig sein, brauchen, bedürfen' (9.Jh.); 2) darba `Entbehrung, Mangel'; tharbēn `ermangeln, entbehren, verzichten' (um 800), tharbōn `verzichten' (9.JH.); tharba `Bedarf, Mangel' (9.Jh.)
Middle High German: darben wk. 'darben; entbehren, ermangeln mit'; durfen, dürfen v. an. `Grund, Ursache haben, brauchen, bedürfen'
German: darben; dürfen; Darbe
Proto-Germanic: *ɵurna-z, *ɵurnu-z; *ɵurnia-z
Meaning: thorn, sloe
Gothic: *ɵɔrnu-s m. (u) `thornplant'
Old Norse: ɵorn m. `Dorn, Nadel'; ɵürni-r m. `Dornbusch'
Norwegian: torn; dial. türner
Swedish: torn; törne
Danish: torn; tjörn
Old English: ɵorn, -es m. `thorn, prickle of a plant ; plant on which such prickles grow'
English: thorn
Old Frisian: thornen adj.
Old Saxon: thorn
Middle Dutch: doorn, dōren
Dutch: doorn, doren m.
Old Franconian: thorn
Middle Low German: dōrn
Old High German: thorn (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: dorn st. m. 'dorn, stachel, dornstrauch'
German: Dorn m.
Proto-Germanic: *ɵurpa-n
Meaning: village
Gothic: ɵɔrp n. (a?) `land, lived-on property'
Old Norse: ɵorp n. `Hof, Bauernhaus; Dorf; Absatz eines Felsens; Grabhügel'
Norwegian: torp `kleiner Pachthof'
Swedish: torp `kleiner Pachthof'
Old Danish: torp `kleiner Pachthof'
Old English: ɵrop (ɵorp), -es m. `village'
English: thorp
Old Frisian: therp, thorp n. `village'
East Frisian: Fris terp, pl. -en
Old Saxon: thorp `Dorf'
Middle Dutch: dorp n. `akker, hoeve, dorp'
Dutch: dorp n.
Middle Low German: dorp
Old High German: thorf
Middle High German: dorf st. n. 'dorf'
German: Dorf n.
Proto-Germanic: *ɵurpa-n, *ɵurpian- vb.
Meaning: crowd
Old Norse: ɵorp n. `Haufe, Schar', ɵürpa-st `sich zusammenscharen'
German: { schweiz. Dorf `Besuch, Zusammenkunft' }
Proto-Germanic: *ɵust=
Meaning: silent, quiet
Old Swedish: thüster `schweigend, stumm, still'
Proto-Germanic: *ɵū[b]ōn, *ɵubbila-z
Meaning: hill, bush
Old Norse: ɵūfa f. `Erhöhung in der Erde, Hügelchen'; ɵǖf-t adj. n. `mit kleinen Hügelchen'
Norwegian: tuva
Swedish: tuva
Danish: tue
Old English: { ɵūf `Laubbüschel, Banner', ɵǖfel `Busch, Gebüsch', ɵūft `Gebüsch }
German: obd. düppel `Beule, Geschwulst'
Proto-Germanic: *ɵū, *ɵu; *ɵiki
Meaning: thou
Gothic: ɵu (*ɵū)
Old Norse: ɵū
Old English: ɵū̆
English: thou
Old Saxon: thū̆
Middle Low German: dū
Old High German: thū (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: dū̆
German: du; dir; dich
Proto-Germanic: *ɵūmēn, *ɵumēn, *ɵumala-z, *ɵumila-z; *ɵausnō, *ɵausōn- vb., *ɵausian- vb., *ɵusi-z; *ɵwastian- vb.; *ɵiusian- vb., *ɵiustra-z, *ɵúsa-n, *ɵūsta-z, etc.
Meaning: furious, violent, angry, etc.
Gothic: *ga-ɵwastjan wk. `set right, restore'; ɵwastiɵa f. (ō) `safeguard'; ɵausk n., ɵausn f. `Lärm, Unruhe', ɵeysa vb. `vorwärtstreiben', ɵüsja wk. `stürzen, stürmen, treiben'; ɵjōst-r m. `Zorn, Heftigkeit, Gewalt', ɵūst-r m. `Zorn, Feinseligkeit'; NIsl pl. f. ɵusur `Heftigkeit', ɵusu-ma δur `heftiger Mensch'
Old Norse: ɵumal-l n. PN, ɵumal-gingr m. `Daumen', NISl ɵumal-l `Daumen'; ɵeysa vb. `vorwärtstreiben', ɵüsja wk. `stürzen, stürmen, treiben'; ɵjōst-r m. `Zorn, Heftigkeit, Gewalt', ɵūst-r m. `Zorn, Feinseligkeit'; NIsl pl. f. ɵusur `Heftigkeit', ɵusu-ma δur `heftiger Mensch'
Norwegian: tume `Daumen, Zoll'; töysa vb.; tüsja vb.; tjoste
Old Swedish: ɵumi m. `Daumen', ɵum `Zoll'
Swedish: tumme `Daumen, Zoll'
Danish: tomme `Daumen, Zoll'
Old English: ɵūma `Daumen', ɵümel `Fingerhut'; ɵyssa m. `Toser', mägen-ɵysse `violence, force'; ɵysse `Gewalt'
English: thumb; thimble
Old Saxon: thūmo
Middle Dutch: dūme
Dutch: duim m.
Middle Low German: dūmelinc `Däumling', dūme
Old High German: thūmo `Daumen' (8.Jh.), thōsen `zerstören'
Middle High German: dūme, doume wk. m. 'daumen; handwinde in der schmiede'; doum st. m. 'zapfen, pfropfen'; diusen wk. `zerren, zausen', intr. 'in verwirrung geraten'
German: Daumen m.; Däumling
Comments: Contam. with *ɵauska-n q.v.
Proto-Germanic: *ɵūn=, *ɵun=
Meaning: rise (about waves)
Old English: ɵūnian `sich erheben'
Middle Low German: dūn(e) `geschwollen, dick, dicht'
Low German: dūnen `schwellen (auch vom Wasser)'; düning, dünnung `Wellen gegen die Windrichtung'
Middle High German: tunne wk. f. 'sturzsee'; { EaHG tünne `Woge' }
Proto-Germanic: *ɵūsund=, *ɵusund=
Meaning: thousend
Gothic: ɵusundi, pl. -djōs `thousand'
Old Norse: ɵūsund f. `Tausend'
Norwegian: tusund
Swedish: tusen
Danish: tusen
Old English: ɵūsend f., n. `thousend'
English: thousand
Old Frisian: thūsend
Old Saxon: thusundig, thūsind
Middle Dutch: dūsent
Dutch: duizend
Middle Low German: dusunt, dūsent
Old High German: thūsunt f./m. (8.Jh.), Lex Salica thūschunde
Middle High German: tūsent, alem., md. tūsing, tūseng, tūsig num. 'tausend'
German: tausend
Proto-Germanic: *ɵūtan-/*ɵiutan-, *ɵū̆t=
Meaning: shout, thunder
IE etymology: IE etymology
Gothic: ɵūt-hɔrn 'Trompete'
Old Norse: ɵüt-r 'Lärm, Getöse'
Old English: ɵutan 'tönen'
Old High German: dioʒan 'tönen'
Middle High German: dieʒen st. 'laut schallen, rauschen'; duʒ (-ʒʒ-) st. m. 'Schall, Geräusch, Geheul'
German: tuten
Proto-Germanic: *ɵū́xan-/*ɵíuxan-
Meaning: press
Old English: ɵǖn, ɵēon `drücken, belästigen, stossen, stechen, grohen'
Middle Dutch: duwen, douwen `duwen, drukken, dringen'
Dutch: duwen (< westvlam.)
Old High German: { dūhen `drücken, niederdrücken' }
Middle High German: diuhen, tiuhen, dūhen, douhen wk. 'drücken, schieben, ein-, niederdrücken'
German: { dial. deuhen, dauhen }
Proto-Germanic: *[ɵ]wart=
Meaning: quartz
Middle High German: quarz (Böhmen, 1. Hälfte 14.Jh.)
German: [ Quarz m. < omd. ]
Proto-Germanic: *ɵwingán- vb., *ɵwingōn- vb.; *ɵwangá-z, *ɵwangí-z; *ɵū́xian- vb.
Meaning: squeeze, punish
Old Norse: ɵvinga wk. `zwingen, quälen'; ɵveng-r m. `Riemen'
Norwegian: tvinga wk./st.; dial. tveng `Schuhriemen'
Old Swedish: ɵvinga wk./st.
Swedish: tvinga wk./st.
Danish: tvinge vb.; tvinge `Zwinge'
Old English: ɵwingan; ɵwong
English: thong
Old Frisian: thwinga vb.; thwong `het bedwingen'
Old Saxon: thwingan `zwingen, bedrängen'
Middle Dutch: dwinghen; dwanc `macht, dwang'
Dutch: dwingen; dwang m.
Middle Low German: dwingen; dwank `dwang, macht, enge ruimte'
Old High German: thwingan (8.Jh.), twingan (9.Jh.) `zwingen, unterjochen, beherrschen, festbinden'; dūhen `drücken, niederdrücken'; dwang `teugel'
Middle High German: twingen, dwingen (/ quingen, zwingen) st. `(zusammen)drücken, pressen, (be)drängen, nötigen, einschliessen, beherrschen, bändigen'
German: zwingen; { deuhen, dauhen }
Proto-Germanic: *ɵwiran- vb., *ɵurjan- vb., *ɵurēn; *ɵwarōn, *ɵwarēn; *ɵwirila-z; *staurēn-, *sturja-z, *sturjōn, *sturma-z etc.; *ɵrumja-z, *ɵrumjōn, *ɵrumōn
Meaning: turn, mix
Old Norse: 1) ɵvara f. `Rührstab, Quirl'; ɵvari m. `Bohrer, Stock, Stange; Schwert, Speer'; ɵyril-l m. ON (Bergname), NIsl ɵüril-l `Rührstock'; ; ɵürja wk. `schnell fahren, sausen' (poet.); NIsl ɵori m. `Menge, Masse'; 2) stür-r m. `Tumult, Kampf', storm-r `Sturm, Kampf'; stürja f. `Tumult, Kampf' (poet.); storδ f. `Streit, Kampf' (ɵula); 3) ɵrüm-r m. `Lärm, Krachen', ɵrüma f. `Donner, Lärm', ɵruma f. `id.'
Norwegian: tvare `Bohrer'; tvorel, turull, tverel, tvirel; storm
Swedish: 1) dial. tvara, tvöra `umrühren', dial. türel, törel; storm
Danish: storm
Old English: 1) ā-ɵweran `rühren; ɵwǟre, ɵwēre f. `Stössel, Stampfe'; ɵwiril m. `Rührstab'; storm `Sturm'; 3) ɵrymm `Menge, lärmende Schar'; 2) styrian `bewegen'; gestyr `Bewegung'
English: stir; storm
Old Frisian: 2) stēra `verstrooien, vernietigen'
Old Saxon: far-sturian `subvertere'; storm `storm'
Middle Dutch: dwērelen `dwarrelen, draaien'; stōren, steuren `beroeen, kwellen, hinderen, storen, verwoesten'; stōren, Kil. stooren `storen, hinderen'; storm m. `onstuimige beweging, storm, heftige aanval'
Dutch: dwarrelen; dial. dweer `warrelwind'; storen, dial. steuren; storm m.
Middle Low German: 1) twerl, dwarl, dwerl `Wirbel, Kraushaar'; dwer, dwēre `warrelwind'; dwerl, dwarl `draai, krul'; stōren
Old High German: 1) thweran st. `mengen, drehen' (9.Jh.); thwiril (9.Jh.) `was sich schnell herumdreht, Rührstab'; 2) stōren, stōrren (ga-, ar-, zi-) `stören, in Verwirrung bringen'; ir-sturien `stöchern, antreiben'; sturm m. `heftige beweging; onstuimigheid, storm'
Middle High German: 1) twërn, dwërn st. `herumdrehen, durcheinanderrühren, mischen', frühnhd. (obd.) twir(e)l, (md.) quirrel, querel; 2) stürn wk., md. storen 'stochern; stacheln, antreiben'
German: 1) Quirl m.; schweiz. zweren; 2) stören `turbare', zer-, verstören; stüren `in etwas hertumstöbrn od. wühlen'; 3) Sturm; schweiz. sturm `schwindlig', stürmi `Schwindel'
Proto-Germanic: *ɵwīnan- vb.
Meaning: become weak, disappear
Old Norse: dvīna `schwach werden, schwinden'
Norwegian: dial. dvina vb.; dial. tvina vb.
Swedish: tvina vb.
Old Danish: tvine vb.
Old English: dwīnan `abnehmen, schwinden'; ɵwīnan st. `hinschwinden'
Dutch: verdwijnen `hinschwinden'
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