Germanic etymology : Query result

Proto-Germanic: *áiɵa-z

Meaning: oath

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: aiɵ-s m. (a) `oath'

Old Norse: eiδ-r m. `Eid'

Norwegian: eid

Swedish: ed

Danish: ed

Old English: āɵ, -es m. `oath, swearing'

English: oath

Old Frisian: ēth

Old Saxon: ēth

Middle Dutch: eet

Dutch: eed m.

Middle Low German: ēt

Old High German: eid (8.Jh.) `Eid, Schwur, Gelöbnis'; Langob pl. aidos `Eideshelfer'

Middle High German: eit (-d-) st. m., f. 'eid'

German: Eid m.

Proto-Germanic: *áiɵuma-z

Meaning: brother-in-law

Old English: āɵum `зять, шурин'

Old High German: eidum `зять'

Middle High German: eidem, eiden st. m. 'schwiegersohn; schwiegervater'

Proto-Germanic: *aiwa-z, -n, *aiwō(n)

Meaning: law

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: ǟ, ǟw, gen. ǟ, ǟe, ǟwe f., gen. ǟs n. `law; statute, custom, rite, marriage'

Old Frisian: ā, ē, ēwe wk f. (n-decl.), ēwa

Old Saxon: ēo, ēu st. m.

Middle Dutch: ēwe, ee, eeuw

Dutch: eegade m., n.

Middle Low German: ē(we), ēwe, ee, eeuw

Old High German: ēwa, ēwī f. (8. Jh.)

Middle High German: ēwe, ē st. f. 'endlos lange zeit, ewigkeit; alterkömmliches gewohnheitsrecht, recht, gesetz'

German: Ehe

Comments: All forms except OSax also mean `Ehevertrag, Ehe'.

Proto-Germanic: *aiwiskia-n; *aiwisk=

Meaning: dishonour, shame

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: aiwiski n. (ja) `shame'; un-aiwisk-s `without shame'

Old English: ǟwisc, -e f. `a dishonour, disgrece, offence'; ǟwisc adj. `disgraced, ashamed, abashed', ǟwiscnys, -ness, -e f. `disgrace, obscenity, filthiness, ablushing for shame, reverence'

Low German: eisk, aisch `fürchterlich, ekelhaft, garstig'

Middle High German: eisch 'hässlich, abscheulich'

Proto-Germanic: *aiwi-z (/*aiwa-z); *aiwi-; *aiwō-; adv. *aiwi-n; *aiwīn

Meaning: eternity, life-time, always

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *aiw-s m. (a/i) `time, eternity'; ni... aiw `never'

Old Norse: ǟvi f. `Ewigkeit, Lebenszeit'; ǟ, ei, ey, öy `immer'

Norwegian: äva `Ewigkeit, Lebenszeit'

Old Swedish: ē `immer'

Swedish: dial. äva `Ewigkeit, Lebenszeit'

Old English: ǟ indecl. `life'; ā adv. `always, ever, for ever', nā, nō `no, not'

English: aye, ever; no

Old Frisian: ēwe f. `eeuwigheid'

Old Saxon: ēwan-dag `eeuwigheid', ēwig `eeuwig', ēo `immer'

Middle Dutch: ēwe, ee m., f. `tijdperk, eeuwigheid'

Dutch: eeuw f.

Middle Low German: ēwe `wigkeit'

Old High German: ēwī st. f., ēwa st./wk. f. `Ewigkeit' (9. Jh.); īo `immer', nīo `nie'

Middle High German: ēwe, ē st. f. 'endlos lange zeit, ewigkeit; altherkömmliches gewohnheitsrecht, recht, gesetz'

German: je, nie

Proto-Germanic: *áixa- prs., *aigán-, *aigni-z, *aixti-z

Meaning: have, possess

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *aigan (aih, aigum/aihum; aihta) prt.-prs. `have, partake of'; aiht-s f. (i) `property'; aigin n. (a) `property'

Old Norse: eiga prt.-prs. `besitzen'; ǟtt f. `Geschlecht, Stamm, Generation; Himmelsgegend', ātt `id.'; eigin-n adj. `eigen, eigentümlich'; eign f. `Eigentum', Run. Norw at aign

Norwegian: eign sbs.; eigen adj.; ätt

Old Swedish: eghn, äghn sbs.

Swedish: egen adj.; äga vb.; egen adj.; ätt

Old Danish: egn sbs.

Danish: egen eien adj.; ät

Old English: āgan (āh, āgon; āhte; āgen) `to own, possess, have, obtain; to give, deliber, restore'; ǟht, -e f. `possessions, property, lands, goods, riches; possession, power'; { āgen (ǟgen) }

English: owe, own

Old Frisian: (h)āga (āch, āgon; āchte); ein, ain adj.

Old Saxon: ēgan (ēh, ēgun; ēhta) `haben, besitzen'; ēgan adj.

Middle Dutch: eighen, eighijn `eigen; horig, lijeigen'

Dutch: eigen adj.

Middle Low German: ēgen adj.

Old High German: eigan adj.; eigan `haben, besitzen'; ēht `Besitzt, Eigentum'; eigan adj.

Middle High German: eigen adj. 'was man hat, eigen mit; hörig, leibeigen'; eigen an. v. 'haben'

German: eigen adj.

Proto-Germanic: *aiza-n; *ī́sarna-, *īzarna-; *aizuga-z

Meaning: ore, copper, iron

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: aiz n. `money metal'; *īsarn n. (a) `iron'

Old Norse: eir n. `Erz, Kupfer'; ēarn, īarn (älter), jārn n. (2)

Norwegian: eir (1); 3) jarn (2); eir, erj (4)

Old Swedish: ēr (1)

Swedish: järn (2); ärg (3)

Old Danish: eer (1)

Danish: jern (2); ir, irr (4)

Old English: äs, -äris n. `Brass'; ǟr,-es n. `brass', ār, -es n. `ore, brass, copper' `Erz'; īsern,-es n. `iron, an instrument or weapon made of iron'; īsen, -es n. `iron, steel, an implement made of iron'; īren, -es n. `iron, an iron weapon, a sword, blade'

English: ore, iron

Old Frisian: īsern, īrsen (2)

Old Saxon: ēr (1); īsarn, īsan (2)

Middle Dutch: eer (1); īsen, īser (2)

Dutch: ijzer n.

Middle Low German: ēr(e) `Erz'; īsern, īsen (2)

Old High German: ēr (8. Jh.) `Erz'; īsarn, īsan (8. Jh.) (2)

Middle High German: ēr st. n. 'erz, eisen'; īsen st. n. 'eisen als metall; waffe, rüstung, pflugschar, hufeisen usw.'; īsern, īser st. n. 'eisen, bes. das verarbeitete eisen, eiserne waffe, rüstung'

Comments: 2, 3 - Lehnw. aus dem Keltischen (nicht Irl.)

Proto-Germanic: *aiziō; *aizōn-, *aizēn- vb.; *aistan- vb.

Meaning: respect, honour

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *aistan wk. `fear, respect'

Old Norse: eir f. `Gnade, Milde, Hilfe'; Eir Name einer Göttin (der Heilkunde), eira

Old English: ār, -e f. `honour, glory, rank, dignity, magnificence, respect, reverence; kindness, favour, mercy, pity; property, posessions, an estate, land, ecclesiastical living, benefice'

Old Frisian: ēre `eer, verering'

Old Saxon: ēra `eer, bescherming, genade, gave', ēron

Middle Dutch: ēre, ēr `eer, aanzien, eergevoel, deugd', ēren

Dutch: eer f.

Old Franconian: ONFrank ēra `coronam', unēra `ignominiam'

Middle Low German: ēre `Ehre'

Old High German: ēra (8. Jh.) `Ansehen, Wertschätzung, Berühmtheit, Würde, Zierde, Ehrfurcht, Verehrung', ērōn, ērēn

Middle High German: ēre st. f. `Ehererbietung, Zierde, Ansehen, Ruhm, Sieg, Herrschaft, Ehrgefüll, ehrenhaftes Benehmen'

German: Ehre f.

Proto-Germanic: *aizṓ

Meaning: oar

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: ār, ɔ̄r f. `Ruder'

Norwegian: ɔr

Old Swedish: ār(a)

Swedish: ɔra, ɔr

Danish: ɔre

Old English: ār, -e f. `oar'

English: oar

Proto-Germanic: *ajjá-n, *ajjá-z

Meaning: egg

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: CrimGot ada `ovum' (= Got nom. sg. *ad(d)i? nom. pl. *addja?)

Old Norse: egg n.

Swedish: ägg

Danish: eg

Old English: äg (äig), -es, pl. ru n. `Egg'

English: egg

Old Saxon: ei

Middle Dutch: ei

Dutch: ei n.

Middle Low German: ey

Old High German: ei (8. Jh.)

Middle High German: ei (gen. eies, eiges) st. n. 'ei'

German: Ei n.

Proto-Germanic: *akan- vb., *aki-z, *akla-z

Meaning: bad, evil

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: { acan `pijn doen', eke m. }

English: ache

Old Frisian: akelig, aeklig `horridus, miser, vehemens'

Middle Dutch: akel m. `leed, verdriet, nadeel'

Dutch: akelig

Low German: äken `pijn doen'

Proto-Germanic: *akan- vb.; *ēkan- vb.

Meaning: to sail, navigate

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: aka st. `(zu Schiff oder Wagen) fahren'

Norwegian: aka

Old Swedish: aka; āka

Swedish: ɔka

Danish: age

Proto-Germanic: *akarna-n/*akrana-n, *akirna-n

Meaning: acorn

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: akran n. (a) `fruit, results'

Old Norse: akarn n. `Frucht wildwachsender Bäume'

Norwegian: dial. ɔkorn `Eichel'

Swedish: dial. akarn `Eichel

Danish: agern `Eichel'

Old English: äcern (äcirn), -es n. `corn or fruitof an oak, acorn, nut'; { äcren, äceru }

English: acorn

Middle Dutch: aker m. `eikel'

Dutch: aker m.

Middle Low German: ēker(en), ecker(en), āker(en), acker(en) `Eichel, Eichelmast'

Middle High German: ackeran, ɛcker st. m., n. `Frucht der Eiche und Buche'

German: Ecker f.

Proto-Germanic: *akra-z, *akrōn

Meaning: field

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: akr-s m. (a) `field'

Old Norse: akr m. `Acker; Korn, Ackerfrucht', ekra f. `Ackerland'

Norwegian: äkra `Brachhland, Weide'

Old Swedish: ɔ̄ker, āker, akker

Swedish: ɔker, dial. ekrta, äkra `Brachhland, Weide'

Danish: ager

Old English: äcer (äcyr), -es m. `a field, land, sown land'

English: acre `Feldmass'

Old Frisian: ekker

Old Saxon: akkar

Middle Dutch: acker

Dutch: akker m.

Middle Low German: acker

Old High German: ackar (8.Jh.), ahhar

Middle High German: acker st. m., n. 'ackerfeld; ein längen- und flächenmass'

German: Acker m.

Proto-Germanic: *akwizjō; *akúsjō; *akwís=; *akús=

Meaning: ax

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: akʷizi f. (jō) `ax'

Old Norse: öx f., ax f.

Swedish: üxa

Danish: öxe

Old English: äx (äsc, acas), -e f., acase (axe), -an f. `axe'

English: axe

Old Saxon: akus

Middle Dutch: aex f.

Dutch: aaks, aks, aakst m.

Old Franconian: acus

Middle Low German: axe, ēxe, 5) ē̆xte; 3) akes

Old High German: ackis, ackus (um 800)

Middle High German: ackes, aks, ax, axt st. f. 'axt'

German: Axt f.

Proto-Germanic: *ala-, *alla-; *ull=

Meaning: all

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: all-s (a) `all'; ala-man-s m. (cons) `totality of human beings'

Old Norse: all-r `all, jeder'; ɔl-vǟr-r `freudlich'

Norwegian: all

Old Swedish: alder, OGutn aldr

Swedish: all

Danish: al

Old English: eal (eall, all) adj. `all'; { eal-wǟre `zuverlässig' }

English: all

Old Frisian: al

Old Saxon: al; ala-hwīt `ganz weiss'

Middle Dutch: al (all-), OFlam olla; ale-waer, ale-machtich

Dutch: al

Old Franconian: al

Middle Low German: al

Old High German: al `all' (8.Jh.); ala-wāri `freundlich, wohlwollend' (10.Jh.)

Middle High German: al (-ll-) adj. 'all, ganz, jeder'; aleine, -ein adv., conj. 'allein; obgleich, obschon'

German: all; albern

Proto-Germanic: *alan- vb., *aldí-z, *aldṓ, *aldá-, *aldrá-z, comp. *álɵiza-, *alidja-n, *aldian- vb. etc.

Meaning: grow, breed; old

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *alan st. `grow'; *ald-s f. (i) `generation, age'; CrimGot alt adj. `senex'; *aldōmō m. ~ n. (n) `old age'; alɵī-s (ja) `old'; ptc. *us-alɵan-s `sinile', *fram-aldr-s (a) `aged'

Old Norse: ala st. `hervorbringen, zeugen, züchten, nähren'; ɔld f. `Lebenzzeit, Zeitalter', pl. `Menschen'; aldr, gen. aldr-s m. `Alter, Leben, Zeit', ptc. aldin-n `gealtert'; aldin n., aldin-n m. `Baumfrucht'; eldi n. `Nährung, Kind'; comp. ellri; elda wk. `alt machen'

Norwegian: ala vb.; dial. old sbs.; alder sbs.; comp. eldre; elde `Züchtung, Brut'; elda vb.

Old Swedish: ala vb.; alda `fruchttragende Eiche'; aldin, aldon, aallan `Eichel'

Swedish: comp. äldre; ɔlder sbs.; ɔllon `Eichel'

Old Danish: alä vb.; olden `Frucht der Buche oder der Eiche'; comp. äldre; älde-s vb.

Danish: old sbs.; older sbs.

Old English: alan (ōl, ōlon; alen) `to nourish, grow, produce; to appesr', ild, -e f. `age, period of time; age, time of life, years; mature or old age, eld', pl. `age, old people, chief people', ealdor (aldor), -es n. `life; age'; { eald }; { ieldan }

English: eld, old

Old Saxon: ald; pl. eldi `Menschen'; aldar `Greisen-, Lebensalter'

Middle Dutch: out

Dutch: oud

Middle Low German: ōlt; elden `warten, zögern'

Old High German: alt (8.Jh.); altar `Greisenalter, Lebensalter'; elten `alt werden, verzögern'

Middle High German: alt 'alt (im gegensatz von jung)'

German: alt

Proto-Germanic: *alan- (~ *alōn-) vb.

Meaning: flame

IE etymology: IE etymology

Swedish: dial. ala 'lodern'

Proto-Germanic: *alba-z, *albi-z

Meaning: elf

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: alf-r m. `Albe, Elf'

Norwegian: alv

Old Swedish: älf `Albe, Elf'

Old Danish: elv `Albe, Elf'

Old English: älf, -es m., ilf, -e f. `elf'

English: elf

Old Saxon: alf

Middle Dutch: alf m. `boze geest, die de mensen zoekt te bedriegen'

Dutch: alf m.

Middle Low German: alf `Mare, Alp'

Old High German: alb (11.Jh.)

Middle High German: alp (-b-) st. m., n. 'gespenstisches wesen, gehilfe des teufels; alp, das alpdrücken'; md. alf 'tor, narr'

German: Alb m.

Proto-Germanic: *alb=, *alft=

Meaning: something white

IE etymology: IE etymology

Swedish: dial. alf `alkhaltiges Sand unter der Fruchterde'

Old Saxon: 58

Dutch: { alft, elft `Weissfisch' }; alver (visnaam)

Low German: alf, albe `Weissfisch'

Middle High German: albel `Weissfisch' st. m. 'weissfisch'; alber st. m. 'pappelbaum'

German: { Albe `Weissfisch'; dial. Alben `alkhaltiges Sand unter der Fruchterde' }