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Indo-European etymology : Search within this database Proto-IE: "taur" | Query method: Like substring
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Proto-IE: *terp-
Meaning: to have a good food, to prosper
Old Indian: tŕ̥pyati, tr̥pṇóti, tr̥mpáti `to satisfy oneself, be pleased with'; tŕ̥pti- f. `satisfaction, contentment'
Avestan: ɵrąfδa- `befriedigt, zufriedengestellt, ausreichend womit versehen', ɵrąfs- n. `Zufriedenheit'
Old Greek: térpomai̯, aor. ep. conj. 1 pl. tarpṓmetha, tetárpeto, tetá́rpasasthai̯, pass. tarpē̂nai, tarphthē̂nai̯, terphthē̂nai̯ `sich sättigen, sich erquicken, sich ergötzen, geniessen', térpō, aor. térpsai̯ `sättigen, eerquicken, ergötzen'; terpnó- `ergötzlich, erfreulich', térpsi-s f. `Ergötzung, Genuss', pl. térpea n. `id.'
Russ. meaning: сытно есть, процветать
Proto-IE: *terp-
Meaning: to need, to suffer
Latin: turpis, -e `hässlich, garstig, entstellt; schänndlich, schimpflich', turpe n. `das sittlich Schlechte'
Russ. meaning: нуждаться, страдать, терпеть
References: WP I 736 f (differently in Pok.)
Comments: Cf. *(s)terp- - possibly the same root.
Proto-IE: *ter(y)-, *trēy-
Meaning: to rub
Tokharian: A, B triw- 'be mixed, mix, shake' (PT *trīw-/*träiw- or *träip-, cf. A part. tattripu) (Adams 317)
Armenian: threm `knete Zeig'
Old Greek: téi̯rō, aeol. pf. inf. tétorthai̯ `aufreiben, erschöpfen, entkräften, quälen'
Latin: terō, -ere, trīvī/triī/teruī, trītum `reiben, abreiben, zerreiben, dreschen, aufreiben, vergeuden', trītus, -a `abgerieben, geübt', termentum, -ī n. `Schaden', trīticum, -ī n. `Weizen', trībulum, -ī n. `Dreschbrett, unten mit Eisenstücken besetzt, von Ochsen über die zu entkörnenden Ähren geschleift'; teres, -etis `länglichrund, glattrund; schlank, rundlich, drall; geschmackvoll, fein'
Celtic: MIr trēith `schwach'
Russ. meaning: тереть
Comments: Cf. *trū-.
Proto-IE: *teterw-, *tetrāw-
Meaning: heath-cock, grouse, pheasant
Old Indian: {tittirá- m., tittíri- m. `partridge'}
Other Iranian: NPers tadarv `Fasan'
Old Greek: tétaros m. 'pheasant' Ptol. Euerg.; tetráōn, -ōnos m. = órnis poiós Hsch., cf. Lat tetrao 'guinea-fowl, Meleagris numida' Suet., but also 'black grouse and capercaillie, Tetrao tetrix and urogallus', prob. in Plin. HN; tetrádōn (Alc.) prob. = tetráōn; tetraîon = ornithárion ti (lákōnes) Hsch.; tétrăk-s, -ăgos/-ăkos m. name of 2 kinds of wild birds, 1) prob. 'hazel-grouse or ryper', 2) a small bird, like the spermológos'; tétrik-s, -igos f. a bird, also called oûraks by the Athenians, diffnt. from tétraks and tetráōn, perhaps 'pipit'
Latin: ? tarāx, -ācis m. "tetracem Rōmae quem nunc vocitāre tarācem coepērunt" Nemes. auc. 1
Celtic: OIr tethra 'Krähe'
Russ. meaning: птица (тетерев, глухарь, фазан)
Proto-IE: *tēres-
Meaning: earth
Latin: terra f. `Erde', terrestris, -e `irdisch; auf dem Lande befindlich', terrēnus, -a `irden', extorris `verbannt'
Other Italic: Osk teer[úm], terúm `territōrium', teras `terrae'
Celtic: *tēros-, *tēres- ? > OIr tīr n. `Gebiet'; OCymr, Corn, Bret tir 'tellus'
Russ. meaning: земля
References: WP I 737 f
Proto-IE: *til-
Meaning: a k. of leaf-bearing tree
Armenian: thēli `Ulme'
Latin: tilia f. `Linde'
Russ. meaning: дерево (лиственное)
Comments: Differently in Pok.
Proto-IE: *tlāk(ʷ)- (BS)
Meaning: bear
Russ. meaning: зверек (медведь)
Proto-IE: *tlāp-
Meaning: palm (of hand), paw
Russ. meaning: ладонь, лапа
Proto-IE: *tol- / *tel-
Meaning: to bear, to suffer
Tokharian: A, B täl- (PT *täl-) 'uphold, raise, lift' (Adams 296-7)
Old Indian: tulā́ f. `balance, weight', tulayati `to lift up, raise', tulima- `what may be weighed'
Armenian: thoɫum `lases, dulde, ertrage'
Old Greek: aor. talássai, telássai = tolmē̂sai, tlē̂nai Hsch., tlǟ̂nai̯, pf. tétlǟka, 1 pl. tétlamen, va. tlǟtó- `ertragen, dulden, sich erkühnen, wagen'; tálās, -antos, -ai̯na `elend, unglücklich'; talaó- ausdauernd, ertragend, unglücklich'; polǘ-tlās `wer viel ausgestanden hat; sehr geduldig'; tlǟ́mōn `ausdauernd, standhaft, erduldend, mühevoll, unglücklich', talasíǟ f. `Wollarbeit, Wollspinnerei'; tólma (/ tólmǟ) `Wagemut, Kühnheit, Tollkühnheit, Verwegwnheit, Frechheit', ? telamṓn, -ō̂nos m. `Tragriemen, Wehrgehenk, Riemen, Binde, Verband';
Latin: tulī `tragen, bringen' (OLat tulō, -ere, tetulī); tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum `aufheben; wegheben, entfernen'; tolūtim `im Zelter- oder Passgang'; tolerāre `(er)tragen'; lātus, -a `getragen'
Celtic: *tlnami > MIr tlenaim `entweiche'; *tolā > OIr tol f. `Wille'; Ir tlāith `sanft'; Cymr tlawd `arm'
Russ. meaning: нести, переносить, терпеть
Proto-IE: *tork(')-, *trog(')-
Meaning: he-goat, pig
Old Greek: trágo-s m. `Ziegenbock, Bock'
Latin: troia f. `Sau'
Celtic: *tork- `Eber' > OIr torc, Cymr twrch, OCorn torch, Bret tourc'h
Russ. meaning: скот (кто-то домашнее и грязное)
References: WP I 728 f
Proto-IE: *toru-, *trū-
Meaning: churn-staff
Old Greek: torǖ́nǟ (/ -ǘ-) `Rührkelle, -loffel'
Latin: trua f. `Schöpfkelle, auch zum Umrühren beim Kochen', trulla, truella f. `Schöpfkelle; Peschpfanee; Napf'
Russ. meaning: мутовка
References: WP I 749
Proto-IE: *trab-/-e-
Meaning: dwelling, room
Latin: trabs/trabēs, gen. -is f. `Balken, Schiff; Baumstamm, Baum; Dach, Haus'
Other Italic: Osk trííbúm `domum', tríbúd `domō', tríbarakkiuf `aedificium', trííbarakavúm `aedificāre'; Umbr tremnu `tabernāculō', trebeit `versatur'
Celtic: Cymr treb, NCymr tref, OBret treb `Wohnung'; Ir treb Wohnsitz; OIr dī-thrub, Cymr di-dref `Wüste, Einsiedelei'; a-treb-a `besitzt, wohnt'; Cymr a-thref `Wohnung, Besitzung'; Gaul Atrebates etwa `possessores' od. `Sesshafte'
Russ. meaning: жилище, комната
Comments: In Osk = tribus? Or a contamination?
Proto-IE: *trag(')h-, *dh-
Meaning: to drag, to bear; trace
Latin: trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum `ziehen, bringen; beziehen, rechnen; fortschleppen; an sich ziehen; hervorbringen; in die Länge ziehen'; traha, trahea f. `Schleife'
Celtic: *trag-, *trog- > Gaul ver-tragus `schnellfüssiger Hund'; OIr traig, gen. traiged `Fuss', MIr trog `Nachkommenschaft', trogan `Mutter Erde', trogais i.tusmis `brachte zur Welt'; Cymr toed, pl. traed `Füsse', OCorn truit `Fuss', Bret troad `Fuss'
Russ. meaning: тащить, нести; след
Comments: Probably more than one root, but hard to sort out.
Proto-IE: *treg(')-
Meaning: strong, strength
Celtic: *treksno-, *trekso- > OIr trēn `tapfer, stark', tress `Kampf'
Russ. meaning: сильный, сила
Proto-IE: *treis-
Meaning: to pain, to grieve
Latin: trīstis, -e `traurig (nicht so sehr in Niedergeschlagenheit, als in einer Art Grimm und Trotz geeen das Unangenehme sich äussernd), finster gelaunt; vom Geschmack: herb, widerlich'
Russ. meaning: удручать, огорчать
Proto-IE: *trek'-
Meaning: to rot
Russ. meaning: гнить, тухнуть
References: WP I 760 (different in Pok.)
Proto-IE: *tremǝ-
Meaning: to shake
Tokharian: A träm-, tärm- `be angry, tremble', B pl. tremi `anger' (PT *tärm-, *treme-) (Adams 319)
Old Greek: trémō, pf. tetrémēka EM (vor Furcht) zittern, beben', a-trémas, a-tréma `ohne Zittern, unbeweglich, ruhig', a-tremḗs `furchtlos'; trómo-s `Zittern, Beben, Furcht, Angst', troméō `zittern', tromeró- `furchtsam', tetremái̯nō (v. l. -tra-) `schaudere', tétromo-s, tétramo-s m. `Zittern'
Latin: tremō, -ere, -uī `zittern, erzittern, beben', tremor, -ōris m. `das Zittern; Erdbeben', tremulus, -a `zitternd, bebend'
Albanian: trɛmp, geg. trem `ich schrecke'
Russ. meaning: трясти(сь)
Proto-IE: *trenk-
Meaning: to wash
Celtic: *tronk= > Ir fothrucud `baden'; Cymr trochi `mergere, balneari', Bret gozronket `baden'
Russ. meaning: мыть (напр., кое-что волосатое)
Proto-IE: *trenk(w)-
Meaning: to beat, to hew, to press
Avestan: pl. gen. ɵraxtanąm `der zusammengedrängten, enggeschlossen [Schlachtreihen]'
Latin: truncus, -ī m. `Baumstamm; Klotz, Tölpel; Rumpf eines Menschen'; truncus, -a `verstümmelt; der Äste, der Glieder beraubt', truncāre `verstümmeln'
Celtic: *tro[n]knó-; *tronks= > OIr, MIr trēicim `verlasse, weiche'; Cymr trŵch `verstümmelt'; trengi `vergehen, sterben', tranc `Abschied, Tod, Ende'
Russ. meaning: бить, рубить, давить
Proto-IE: *trep-
Meaning: to scutch, to shake, to trample down
Tokharian: A trap-, B trāpp- (PT *trāpw-) 'trip, stumble' (Adams 313)
Old Indian: tr̥prá-, tr̥pála- `hasty'
Old Greek: trapéō `keltere'; a-trapó-s, ep. a-tarpó-s `Pfad, Fusssteig'
Latin: trepidus, -a `trippelnd, teils aus Eilfertigkeit, teils aus Furcht: hastig, unruhig, än gstlich, besorgt; beunruhigend, verwirrend'; trepidāre `ängstlich hin und herlaufen; zagen, bangen; u nschlüssigen sein'
Russ. meaning: трепать, трясти, топтать
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