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\data\ie\piet
Proto-IE: *skat(w)-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: darkness
Old Greek: skóto-s m., skótos n. `Finsternis, Dunkel; Schwindel'
Germanic: *skadw-á- m., *skadw-ṓ f., *skadw-iō(n-) f.
Celtic: OIr scāth `Schatten', MCymr cy-scawd, NCymr cy-sgod, OCorn scod, Bret squeut `id.'
Russ. meaning: мрак
References: WP II 600
Proto-IE: *skAud-
Meaning: to be ill, to pain, to bother
Old Greek: sküdmái̯nō `zürnen, grollen', skǘzdomai̯, aor. epi-skǘsai̯ (Hom.) `id.', sküthró- `mürrisch, düster sein'
Baltic: *skaũd-iā̃ f., *skaũd-/*skaũd-ē̂- (*skaũd-a-/*skaũd-ja-); *skaũd-sm-a- c., *skaũd- vb. intr.
Russ. meaning: болеть, причинять боль, неприятность
References: WP II 552 f
Proto-IE: *(s)kaur- (-kh-)
Meaning: lame, clumsy
Old Indian: khora- `limping, lame'
Old Greek: [skâu̯ro- `with deviating hoof' Hippiatr. 14,104 < Lat.]
Latin: scaurus, -ī m. `Klumpfuss'
Russ. meaning: хромой, косолапый
References: WP II 538
Proto-IE: *(s)kawǝ-/-e-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to make holes, to peel
Old Indian: skauti, skunāti, skunoti `to tear, pluck, pick, poke', ā-skauti, ā-skunoti `to pull, pluck, tear', {ana-skavá- `ein Wurm', bi-ṣkāva- `zerfetzend'}, intens. coṣkūyate `to gather up, collect'
Baltic: *skeû-t-iā̃/*skeũ-t-iā̃ f.,*skeû-t-ia- c., *sku-t- (skut-a-) vb. tr., *sku-t-a- c., *skū̂-t-a- c., *sku-t-aw-ā̂, -uw-ā̂ f.; *skū̂- vb. tr. (1)
Latin: scutilus, -a `langezogen, dünn' (?); cautēs (/cōtēs), -is f. `spitziger Fels, Riff'
Russ. meaning: дырявить, лущить etc.
References: WP II 552 f
Proto-IE: *(s)kawǝ-/-o-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to see, to hear, to smell
Old Indian: kaví- (comp. kávīyas-) `wise, knowing, skilful; m. thinker, wise man, poet', kava- `miserly' (in comp.), ākuvate `to intend', ā́kūta- n., ā́kūti- f. `intention, wish'
Other Iranian: PIran *skau̯aɵa-: MPers škōh, NPers šikōh, šukōh `Pracht, Herrlichkeit, Majestät, Würde'
Armenian: chuchanem `lasse schauen, zeige', choych `das Zeigen, Schau'
Old Greek: koéō `merken, vernehmen, hören'; ékomen = éi̯domen, heōrō̂men, ēistémetha Hsch.; akóu̯ō `horen; gehorchen, im Rufe stehen', akoǟ́, hom. akou̯ǟ́ `Gehör, Kunde'
Slavic: *čū́ti, *čū́jǭ; *čevītī (OCzech (na)vščieviti, Czech navštíviti `besuchen'); *čūxātī
Baltic: *skaud=
Germanic: *xáu-s-ia-/*xau-z-iá- vb.; *skaww-ṓ- vb., *skuww-ín-i- adj.; *sku-[ɵ]-ō- vb.
Latin: caveō, -ēre, cāvī, cautum (OLat cavitum) `sich in acht nehmen, sich vorsehen, Vorsichtsmassregeln treffen, Beistand, Bürgschaft leisten, verfügen', cautus, -a `vorsichtig'
Other Italic: Umbr kutef `*cautens'
Russ. meaning: видеть, слышать, чуять
References: WP I 369
Proto-IE: *(s)kAy-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: hot, to heat
Baltic: *kaĩ-t- vb. intr., *kaî-t-r-ā̂ f., *kaî-t-ē̂- vb., *kaĩ-t-ē̂- vb., *kaî-t-iā̃ f. (1) , *skaĩt-(s)t-ī̂- vb., *kai-t-ī- vb.
Germanic: *xaj-iz- n., *xī-t-ōn- f., -an- m., *xai-t-a- adj., *xai-t-ō(n-) f.; *xi-t-jōn- f., *xit-ja- m.; *xaj=; *xai-t-iɵ-ō(n-) f.
Russ. meaning: горячий, нагревать(ся)
References: WP I 326
Proto-IE: *(s)kāp-
Meaning: castrated male
Slavic: *skopī́tī, *skopьcь
Latin: cāpō, -ōnis m., cāpus, -ī m. `Kapaun, Kapphahn'
Russ. meaning: кастрат
References: WP II 559 f
Proto-IE: *skāp- / -ē-
Meaning: stem, stick
Old Greek: skǟ̂pto-n n. `Stab, Zepter', skǟ̂ptro-n n. `id.', skâpo-s = kládos, kaì ánemos poiós Hsch., skǟpánǟ f. `Stab, Zepter'; ? skǟ́ptomai, aor. skǟ́psasthai̯ `sich stützen, sich lehnen, etw. vorschützen, zum Vorwand gebrauchen'
Slavic: *ščāpъ
Baltic: *skē̃p-a- c.
Germanic: *skaf-t-a- n.
Latin: scāpus, -ī m. `Schaft, Stiel, Stengel, Stamm'; scōpa f. `dünner Zweig', pl. `Reisigbesen', scōpio, -ōnis m. `der Stiel, an dem die Beeren der Weintraube hängen'
Russ. meaning: стебель, палка
References: WP II 559 f
Proto-IE: *(s)kār- / -ē-
Meaning: honeycomb (with wax)
Tokharian: B śeriye 'wax, honeycomb?' (Adams 633)
Old Greek: kēró-s m. `Wachs'
Slavic: ? *skārīkъ: Pol skarzyk der Vorstoss im Bienenstock
Baltic: *kā̂r-ia- (1) c., *kā̂r-iā̃ (2) f., *kā̂r-u- adj.
Latin: cēra f. `Wachs, Wachstafel, Wachsbild'
Russ. meaning: сот (с воском)
References: WP I 355
Proto-IE: *sk'āy-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: shadow, indirect light
Tokharian: B skiyo 'shade, shadow' (Adams 706)
Old Indian: chāyā́ f. `shade, shadow; reflection'
Avestan: a-saya- `wer keinen Schatten wirft'
Other Iranian: NPers sāya `Schatten, Schutz'
Old Greek: skiǟ́ f. `Schatten', skieró-, skiaró- `schattenreich, Schatten werfend, beschattet', skai̯ó- `schattig' (Nik.), skíro-n (? / *skī̂ro-n) n. Bez. eines weissen Sonnenschirms od. Baldachins, der bei Prozessionen von der Akropolis nach einem Skîron (Skíron) benannten Orte an der heiligen Strasse nach Eleusis zu Ehren der Athena (Skiras) und anderer Göttinnen und Götter gwetragen wurde; pl. Skíra N. eines Frauenfestes zu Ehren der Demeter Kore und der Athena Polias; skǟnǟ́ f. `Zelt(dach), Bude, Schmaus; Bühne(ngebäude), Szene', skǟ̂nos n. `Körper (= Zelt der Seele), Leichnam'
Slavic: *sьjātī, *sējǭ, *sēnь
Germanic: *skī-n-a- vb., *skī-n-a- m., n., *skī-n-ō(n-) f., *skī-m-an- m., *ski-m-an- m., *ski-m-Vr-ia- vb.
Albanian: hē, hie `Schatten'; hir `Gnade Gottes'
Russ. meaning: тень, непрямой свет
References: WP II 535 f
Proto-IE: *skeda- (-kh-)
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to split
Tokharian: A, B kät- (PT *kät-) 'strew, sow' (Adams 157)
Old Indian: skhadate `to cut, split'
Armenian: ? šert `Span, Holzscheit'
Old Greek: (s)kedánnǖmi, skídnamai̯, -nǟmi, kedáō, aor. e(s)kéda(s)sa `zerstreuen, zersprengen, auseinandertreiben', med. `sich zerstreuen, zerspringen, auseinandergehen, sich ausbreiten'
Slavic: *ščedrъ(jь)
Baltic: *sked-er-w-ā̂ f., *skad-r-[u]- adj., *sked-en-a- c.
Germanic: *skat-Vr-ō- vb.
Celtic: MIr scaindrim `zerspalten'
Russ. meaning: раскалывать, расщеплять
References: WP II 558 f
Comments: Cf. *(s)kenǝ-, *(s)kenǝ-t-, *(s)kenǝ-d-.
Proto-IE: *skeid- (-kh-)
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to split, to divide
Old Indian: chinátti, chintte, ptc. chinná- `to cut off, chop, split, pierce'; cheda- m. `cut, section, portion', chidrá- `torn asunder; pierced', n. `hole, slit, cleft', chidi-, chidira- m. `sword'
Avestan: sidara- `Loch, Öffnung, Riss', avahi-siδyāt_ `er möge zerspalten'
Armenian: chtim `ritze mich, zerkratze mir mit den Nägeln die Haut'
Old Greek: skhízdō, aor. skhí(s)sai̯, ps. skhisthē̂nai̯, pf. ps. éskhismai̯, va. skhistó- `spalte, durchschneiden, trennen', skhída = skhídos sindónos, rhē̂gma Hsch., skhídaks, -akos m. `Splitter, gespaltenes Holz, Scheit, skhídos = tḕn apóskhisin Hsch., skhízda f. `gespaltenes Holz, Scheit', skhindálamo-s, skhindalmó-s m. `Holzsplitter, Haarspalterei etc.', skhôi̯do-s m. = oi̯konómos, tamías (Bez. einer makedonischen Behörde), dat. skoi̯díāi̯ f. `der Fursorgerin, Hausverwalterin' (Naxos); skhísi-s f. `das Spalten, Zerschneiden', skhismó-s m. `id.', skhísma n. `Spalt, Riss'
Slavic: *cēdī́tī, *cēdjь
Baltic: *skeîd- (-ja-) vb. tr. (2), *skaîd-ī̂- vb., *skaîd-ā̂ f. (2), *skī̂d- vb. intr. (2), *skid- vb. intr., *skeîd-ā̂ f., *skeî(d)-mō̃ (-men-)
Germanic: *skit-Vr-a- adj.
Latin: scindō, -ere, scicidī, scissum `schlitzen, zerreisen, spalten'
Celtic: *skeid- > MBret squeigaff `schneiden', Bret skeja `schneiden'
Russ. meaning: раскалывать, разделять
References: WP II 541 f
Proto-IE: *(s)keip-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to chip off, to slice; a split piece, billet, stick
Old Greek: *skôi̯po-s: skoípos = hē eksokhḕ tō̂n ksǘlōn, eph' ō̂n eisi hoi kéramoi Hsch.; skī́pōn, -ōnos m. `Stab, Stock; Krücke'
Slavic: *skēpītī; *cēpъ, *cēpītī; *ščīpātī, *ščēpā usw.
Baltic: *skeĩp-a- c., *skeĩp- (-ja-) vb. tr.; *skeĩb- (-ja-) vb. tr., *skeĩb-a- c., *skib-ī̂- vb.
Germanic: *skīb-ṓn- f., *skīb-a- vb., *skif-ar-ōn- f., *skif-ar-a- m., etc.
Latin: scīpiō, -ōnis `Stab'
Albanian: step `Rand, Spitze'
Russ. meaning: отщеплять, тонко нарезать; oтколотая часть, полено, палка
References: WP I 364
Proto-IE: *skeir-
Meaning: clear, clean, frank
Slavic: *ščīrъ(jь)
Baltic: *skair-u- adj.
Germanic: *skīr-i-, *skeir-i-, *skair-i- adj.
Russ. meaning: ясный, чистый, откровенный
References: Fraenkel 791
Proto-IE: *(s)keit-, -d- (kh-)
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: shield
Old Indian: kheṭa- m. `shield'
Slavic: *ščī̃tъ
Baltic: *skait-a- n., *skī̃d-a- c., *skīd-ā̂ f.
Germanic: *skild-u- m.
Latin: scūtum, -ī `Schild'
Celtic: OIr scīath `Schild'; Cymr ysgwyd, OBret scoit, NBret skoed `id.'
Russ. meaning: щит
References: WP II 541 f, 590 f
Comments: ? -l- (Ind, Germ) as a result of contamination with *keld- 'sword, handle of a sword'.
Proto-IE: *sk(')eit-, -d-
Meaning: vomere, cacare
Germanic: *skīt-a- vb., *skīt-a- m., *skīt-ō(n-) f., *skit-jō(n-) f.
Celtic: *skeit- > Ir sgeith `act of spewing, vomiting, shedding'; Cymr chwydu `sich erbrechen', Brtet c'houeda `sich erbrechen'
Russ. meaning: vomere, cacare
References: WP II 541 f
Proto-IE: *(s)kek-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: hair, head of hair, beard
Old Indian: kaca- m. `hair (esp. of the head)'
Slavic: *čekorъ (> Bulg чекор 'Knoten, Knorren, Ast, Zweig')
Baltic: *kek-s-t=
Germanic: *xag-r-á- n.; *skag-já- n., *skag-jṓ f.
Russ. meaning: волосы, шевелюра, борода
References: WP II 400 f
Proto-IE: *skek-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to run, to spring
Slavic: *skokъ, *skočī́tī, *skākātī
Germanic: *skix-a- vb.; *skix-a-līk-a-
Celtic: *skekno-, *skokej- > OIr scēn `Schrecken', scuchim `weiche, gehe fort, gehe zu Ende'; Cymr yscogi `to stir', Bret diskogella `schütteln'
Russ. meaning: бежать, скакать
References: WP II 556 f
Proto-IE: *(s)kel-
Meaning: shell, vessel
Tokharian: A koläm, B kolmo (PT *kelmā(i)) (Adams 204-205, following Blažek 1991)
Old Greek: skóllü-s, -üos f. 'frings of hair' Dsc., cj. in Alcm., etc.; skollü̆-phóros 'wearing a skóllüs' Hsch.
Slavic: *čьlnъ
Germanic: *skal-ō f., *skal-jō f., *skil-jō(n-) f., *skēl-ō f., *skull-an- m.
Russ. meaning: скорлупа, раковина, посудина
References: WP II 590 f (differently in Pok.)
Proto-IE: *(s)kel-
Meaning: to owe, must
Old Greek: kellón = streblón, plágion Hsch.
Baltic: *skel-ē̂- (*skel-a-) vb., *skal̃-n-a- adj., *skāl-ā̂ f.; *kal̃-t-a adj., *kal̃-t-i- c., *skul=
Germanic: *skul-a- vb., *skul-d-i- c., *skal-d=
Russ. meaning: быть должным
References: WP II 596
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-meaning,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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