Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *tema-, *tmā-

Meaning: to cut

Old Greek: témnō, ep., ion., dor. támnō, aor. temẹ̄̂n, ep., ion., dor. tamẹ̄̂n, pass. tmǟthē̂nai̯; pf. att. tétmǟka, pass. tétmǟmai̯, va. tmǟtó- `schneiden, ab-, zerschneiden, spalten, verwüsten'; témakhos n. `Stück, bes. von eingesalzenem Fisch', tamesí-khrō `die Haut schneidend'; tomó- `einschneidend, scharf', tómo-s m. `Abschnitt, Stück, Teil eines literarischen Werkes, Papyrus (Rolle), Volumen', tomǟ́ f.`das Schneiden, Schnitt, der abgeschnittene Teil, Stumpf', tomís f. `Messer', tmǟ̂si-s `das Schneiden, Verwüsten', tmǟ́dǟn `einschneidend'; tmǟ́gō `schneiden', tmǟ̂ma n. `Abschnitt, Teil'

Slavic: *tę̄ti, *tь̀nǭ; *tonъ (LSorb ton 'Aushau', Sloven drvotón 'Platz, wo Holz gespalten wird', Czech nāton 'Hauklotz', Pol dial. natonia 'Platz zum Holzhauen, Holzkammer, -stall')

Baltic: *tin̂- (*tin-a-) vb. tr., *tin̂-t-uw-a- c.

Latin: temnō, -ere, tempsī, temptum `verachten, verschmähen'; aestumāre (/ aestimāre) `den Geldwert einer Sache abschätzen, taxieren, würdigen'; tondeo, -ēre, totondī, tōnsum `abscheren, abrupfen, abschneiden, prellen'

Celtic: OIr pf. ro-tethaind `er zerrisst, zerschnitt (das Herz)', teinm `spalten, zerreissen', MIr s-prt. ro-s-teind `er spaltete sie (die Nuss)', ra-thendsatar `welche gerissen hatten'; *tndmn- > Gael tèum `Bissen, Stück', OIr tamon `Stumpf', Cymr tam `Bissen, Stück', Corn tam `Bissen, Stück', Bret tamm `Bissen, Stück'

Russ. meaning: резать

References: WP I 719 f

Proto-IE: *temǝ-

Meaning: to sour (milk), to curdle

Old Greek: {témnō: gála témnei̯ `to curdle (of milk)' - not found!}; támiso-s `Lab', gála-tmo-n = lákhanon ágrion (als Labmittel)

Slavic: *tę̄ti, *tьmǭ; *tomī́tī

Baltic: *tum-ē̂- (*tum-a-) vb., *tum-ā̂ f., -iā̃ f., *tum-a-, -u- adj.

Russ. meaning: скисать, створоживаться

References: WP I 719 f (different in Pok. and Vasm.)

Comments: In Balt. - contaminated with *tū-m-, derived from *tawǝ- 'fat, fatten'.

Proto-IE: *temǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: dark

Old Indian: támas- n. `darkness, gloom', tamasá- `dark-coloured', tamrá- `darkening', támisra- n., támisrā f. `darkness, dark night', tāmrá- `of a coppery red colour'

Avestan: tǝmah- `Dunkel, Finsternis'; tąɵra- n. pl. `Dunkelheit'

Other Iranian: NPers tār `finster'

Slavic: *tьmьnъ(jь); *tьmā

Baltic: *tem̂- vb. inch., *tam-s-ā̂ f., *tam̂-s-u- (1) adj., *tim̃-s-r-a- adj., *tums-, *tims- vb. inch.

Germanic: *ɵim-az-a- n., *ɵin-s-tr-a-, *ɵun-s-tr-a- adj., *ɵimz=, *ɵēm=

Latin: tenebrae pl. f. `Finsternis'; temere adv. `blindlings, zufällig, aufs Geratewohl, ohne Grund'; temerāre `beflecken, entweihen, schänden'

Celtic: *tem- > OIr temel `Finsternis', MIr teim, temen `dunkel, grau'; MBret teffal `finster'

Russ. meaning: темный

References: WP I 721 f

Proto-IE: *temp-

Meaning: to pull, to stretch

Other Iranian: NPers tābaδ, inf. tāftan, tābīδan `drehen, wenden, spinnen', intr. `sich drehen, gequält w.'

Armenian: thamb `Sattel; das weiche gerundete Fleisch an Tierbeinen'

Old Greek: táp[ē]s, -[ē]tos m., tápis, -idos f. `Teppich, Decke'

Slavic: *tę̄pǭ, *tę̄(s)tī (см. Фасм. тепу́ II); *tę̄tīvā́

Baltic: *tem̃p- vb. tr., *tim̃p- vb. intr., *tim̂p-ā̂ (1) f., *tampt-ī̂- vb., *tamp-r-u- adj.

Germanic: *ɵamb-a- adj., *ɵamb-a- n.; *ɵamb-ō f.; *ɵamb-ō- vb.

Latin: templa pl. n. `die über die Dachsparren gespannten Querhölzer, auf denen die Schindeln befestigt werden'

Russ. meaning: тянуть, натягивать

References: WP I 721 f

Proto-IE: *ten-

Meaning: temple (part of head)

Germanic: *ɵin-jō(n-) f., *ɵin-ja- n., *ɵun=

Latin: tempus, -oris n. `Schläfe'

Russ. meaning: висок

References: WH (different in Pok.)

Proto-IE: *tenag-

Meaning: hole under the water

Old Greek: ténagos n. 'shoal-water, shallows, lagoon', tenagízdō 'to be covered with shoal-water'

Baltic: *ting-ā̂ f.

Russ. meaning: подводная яма

References: WP I 724

Proto-IE: *tenaw-

Meaning: thin

Old Indian: tanú-, f. tanvī́ `thin, slender, minute, delicate'; tanū́- f., tanus- n. `body, person'

Avestan: tanū- f., tanuš- n.

Other Iranian: NPers. tan 'Leib, Körper'

Old Greek: tanü- `dünn, schmal, schlank': tanǘ-glosso- usw.; pl. tanêi̯a-i̯ 'beams' Thphr., tanaó- `dünn, schmal, langgeschreckt, sich weit ausdehnend, lang, hoch'

Slavic: *tьnъkъ(jь)

Baltic: *ten̂w-a- (2) adj.

Germanic: *ɵunn-u-, *ɵunn-i- adj.

Latin: tenuis, -e `dünn, fein, zart, eng, schmal'; tanāre / tannāre `das Fell dünn machen'

Celtic: *tanaw(i̯)o-: OIr tanae `dünn'; Ir, Gael tana `dünn'

Russ. meaning: тонкий

References: WP I 724

Proto-IE: *tenǝgh- (th-)

Meaning: to pull; tight, heavy

Tokharian: A, B tänk- (PT *tänk-) 'check, stop' (Adams 290)

Avestan: ɵang- `ziehen'; ɵanvarǝ, abl. ɵanvanāt_ `Bogen (als Schusswaffe)'

Slavic: *tę̄gnǭtī; *orz-tę̄gǭ, *-tę̄gtī; *tǭgъ(jь); *tǭgā́ `(ра)дуга; Beschwerlichkeit'; *tę̄žь, *tę̄žā; *tę̄gъkъ, *tę̄žьkъ

Baltic: *tin̂g- vb. intr., *ting-u-

Germanic: *ɵung-a- adj., *ɵung-ia- vb.

Russ. meaning: тянуть; тугой, тяжелый

References: WP I 726 f

Proto-IE: *teng(')-

Meaning: to wet

Old Greek: téŋgō, aor. téŋksai̯, pass. teŋkhthē̂nai̯, va. teŋktó- `benetzen, befeuchten, benetzend ausgiessen, erweichen'; téŋksi-s f. `das Befeuchten'

Germanic: *ɵunk-ō- vb.

Latin: tingō, -ere, tīnxī, tīnctum `benetzen, tränken, eintauchen; färben; ausstatten, versehen'

Russ. meaning: мочить

References: WP I 726

Proto-IE: *tenk- (-kh-)

Meaning: to turn out well

Tokharian: A tänki, B tanki (PT *tänki) 'very, fully' (Adams 277)

Avestan: taxma- `tapfer, tüchtig, energisch, heldenhaft'

Slavic: *tę̄kъ: Sloven tę̂k, gen. tę̂ka/tekû `Gedeihen'

Germanic: *ɵinx-a- vb., *ɵang-ia- vb.; *ɵang-il-a- m.

Celtic: *tenkto- > Ir tēchte `gehörig, recht'; tocad `Glück'; MCymr brenhin teithiawc `rex legitimus', Cymr teithi `charecteristics'; tynged `Glück', Bret toñket `Schicksal'

Russ. meaning: удаваться

References: WP I 725

Proto-IE: *tenk(')s-

Meaning: thill

Germanic: *ɵinxs-il-ō f.

Latin: tēmō, -ōnis m. `Deichsel'

Russ. meaning: дышло

References: WH

Proto-IE: *tenw(ǝ)-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to pull

Tokharian: ? B tant 'power, dominion' (Adams 279)

Old Indian: tanóti `to extend, spread; to be protracted, continue', ptc. tatá-; tantí- f. `cord, line, string', tántu- m. `thread, cord, string, line, warp', tán- (dat. táne, instr. tánā) `continuation, succession'; tána- n., tánā f. `offspring, posterity; tántra- n. `loom, warp; leading part'; tāna- m. `fibre; tone'; OInd taṃsayati `to draw to and fro'; tásara- n. `shuttle', ví-tasti- f. `a long span'

Avestan: conj. 1 sg. pari-tanava `ich will fernhalten', opt. med. 1 sg. pairi-tanuya; vi-tasti- `Spanne'

Other Iranian: NPers taniman- n. `Dünne'; tanīδan `drehen, spinnen'; tār `Zettel, Aufzug am Webstuhl'

Old Greek: hom. tánütai̯, hom., ion. (Hdt.) tanǘō, `spannen, strecken, ausdehnen, ausbreiten', téi̯nō, titái̯nō; aor. tẹ̄̂nai̯, pass. tathē̂nai̯, pf. tétaka, med. tétamai̯, va. tató- spannen, straff anziehen, ausspannen, ausdehnen, in die Länge ziehen'; tai̯níǟ `(langer) Streifen, Binde'; tétano-s `Spannung, Zucken', tetanó- `gestreckt, lang, straff'; ténōn, -ontos m. `Sehne, Nackenmuskel, Achillessehne'; a-tenḗs `sehr gespannt, straff', hali- tenḗs usw.; tóno-s m. `Spannung, Seil, Saite, Sehne, [Spannung der Stimme]; Anstrengung, Stärke'

Slavic: *teneto, *tonotъ

Baltic: *tin̂- (2) vb. tr., *tin̂- (1) vb. intr., *tan-a- c., *tan-u- adj., *tiñ-tl-a- c.; *teñs- vb. tr., *tiñs- vb. intr. (Lith CIRC/Lett AC), *tans-ī̂- vb.

Germanic: *ɵin-d-í- c.; *ɵan-ō f., *ɵan-ja- vb.; *ɵun-jō f., *ɵinw-al-a- m., -w-ar-a- m.; *ɵín-s-a- vb.; *ɵán-s-ōn-

Latin: tendō (/ tennō), -ere, tetendī, tentum `spannen, ausdehnen, ausstrecken'; tentus, -a `gespannt' tentum, -ī n. `Spinngewebe'; tenda f. `Zelt'; tentor, -ōris m. `Spanner'; teneō, -ēre, tetinī (/ tenuī), tentum `halten (gespannt), besetzt halten, richten, zurückhalten, behaupten, anhaleen'; tenāx, -ācis `festhaltend, beharrlich; geizig; störrisch'; tentus, -ūs m. `Spannung' '; tenus, -oris n. `Schnur mit Schlinge (beim Vogelfang)'; tenor, -ōris m. `der ununterbrochene Lauf, Schwung, Fortgang, Fortdauer, Zusammenhang; Sinn, Inhalt eines Gesetzes; Grundzug; Inhalt, Wortlaut; Bedindung, Vertrag (jurist.)'; tenus adv. `sich erstreckend bis, bis an'; prōtēlum, -ī n. `das Zugseil, an welches die Ochsen hintereinander geschirrt werden' (*tēnslom)

Other Italic: Umbr antentu, endendu, ententu `intenditō', ustentu `ostenditō', pertentu `prōtenditō', sutentu `subtenditō'; tenitu `tenētō'

Celtic: *tntā etc. > OIr tan `Zeit'; tēt `Saite'; Cymr tant `Saite', OBret tinsot, tinsit `sparsit', Bret ar-dant `Pflöcke am Wagen, woran das zur Befestigung der Ladung über diese gespannte Seil befestigt wird'

Albanian: ndɛń `breite aus, ziehe, strecke, spanne die Saiten eines Instrumentes'

Russ. meaning: тянуть

References: WP I 722 f

Proto-IE: *tep-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to warm

Hittite: tapassa- c. 'Fieber, Hitze', tapassija- (I) 'erhitzen', tapasuwant- 'fieberschwanger' (Friedrich 211; < IIr.?)

Old Indian: tápati `to give out heat, be hot; to make hot or warm', ptc. taptá-; tápas- n. `warmth, heat'; tápu- `burning hot'

Avestan: tāpaiti `is warm', ptc. tapta-; tafnu- m. `Fieberhitze, Fieber', tafnah- n. `Hitze, Glut; Fieber'

Other Iranian: NPers tāftan `brennen, wärmen, leuchten'

Slavic: *teplъ, *toplъ; *topī́tī

Germanic: *ɵa[f]-i- c., *ɵa[f]-ja- vb., *ɵa[f]-jōn- f., *ɵi[f]-ō- vb.

Latin: tepēre, -uī `warm, mild sein', tepidus, -a `warm, -lau', tepor, -ōris m. `milde Wärme'

Celtic: *tepent-; *tepnet-; *tepstu-; *tepesmjā; *tepesmo- > OIr tē, pl. tēit `heiss'; tess `Hitze', MIr ten, tene, gen. -ed `Feuer'; timme `Hitze', Ir time `Wärme, Furcht'; Cymr tan `Feuer'; tes `Hitze'; twym `Hitze', OCorn toim `heiss', Corn tan 'Feuer'; tanet (in Zs.) `Feuer'; tes `Hitze', MBret toem `heiss', Bret tan 'Feuer'; tanet (in Zs.) `Feuer'; tez `Hitze'; tomm `heiss'

Russ. meaning: греть, испускать тепло

References: WP I 718 f

Proto-IE: *ter-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: tender; young

Old Indian: tarṇa- m., tarṇaka- m. `calf, young animal'; táruṇa- `young, tender, juvenile', táruṇa- m. `a youth', n. `a sprout'

Avestan: tauruna- 'jung'

Other Iranian: Osset tärɨn 'Knabe', NPers tōla 'junger Hund'

Armenian: thorrn, gen. thorrin `Enkel'

Old Greek: térēn, n. -en, f. -ei̯na `zart'; térü = asthenés, leptón Hsch.; terámōn, -onos `weich (gekocht)'

Baltic: *tar̃n-a- c.

Latin: tener, -a `zart, fein, weich, empfindsam, jung'

Other Italic: Sabin tereno- `mollis'

Russ. meaning: нежный; юный

References: WP I 728

Proto-IE: *ter-

Meaning: to let

Hittite: tarna- 'lassen, loslassen' (Friedrich 215-216)

Tokharian: A, B tärk- 'let go, let, allow' (Adams 293-294)

Russ. meaning: отпускать

Proto-IE: *ter[a]s-, *trās-

Meaning: to be thirsty, to dry

Old Indian: tŕ̥ṣyati, ptc. trṣṭá- `to be thirsty, thirst'; tarṣa- m. `thirst, wish, desire', trṣú- `greedy, desirous', tŕṣṇā `Durst, Begier'

Avestan: taršu- `trocken'; taršna- m. `Durst'

Armenian: tharāmim, tharšamim `welke', erast `Trockenheit', tharr `Stange zum Trocknen von Trauben etc.'

Old Greek: hom., Hp. térsomai, aor. hom. etérsēn, -ḗmenai̯ `trocken werden', act. Theok., Nik. térsai̯, tersái̯nō `trocken machen, abtrocknen'; tarsó-s, att. tarró-s m. `(geflochtene) Vorrichtung zum Dorre und Trocknen; Rohrgeflecht, Schilfmatte, flacher Korb; verschlungene Wurzeln, die ein Netzwerk bilden; Bez. allerhand flacher Gegenstände (`Fussblatt, -sohle' usw.); Handfläche; Ruderblatt, Ruder, Ruderreihe; Blatt des Vogelflügels, Flügel etc.

Baltic: *trā̂šk- (vb. tr.), *trā̂š-k-m-a- c.

Germanic: *ɵirs-a- vb.; *ɵurs-t-ia- vb.; *ɵarz-iá- vb.; *ɵurz-ú-/*ɵúrsu- adj., *ɵurzí- adj., *ɵars-ia- vb., *ɵárs-ō(n-) f., *ɵurz-n-á- m., *ɵurz-n-ō- vb.; *ɵurs-t-an - m.

Latin: torreō, -ēre, torruī, tostum `dörren, trocknen, sengen, trocknen lassen, entzünden, entflammen', torridus, -a `gedörrt, ausgetrocknet; mager, zusammengeschrumpft'; torris, -is m. `Feuerbrand'

Celtic: *trsto- ? > OIr tart `Durst'

Albanian: ter `(tr.) trockne an der Luft'

Russ. meaning: испытывать недостаток во влаге

References: WP I 737 f

Proto-IE: *terb-, *treb- (*tre-j-b-)

Meaning: to rub, to pull

Old Greek: trī́bō, aor. trī̂psai̯, pass. etríbēn, triphthē̂nai̯ (~ -ī-), pf. tétrīpha, pass. tétrimmai̯ (~ -ī-) `(zer)reiben, aufreiben, erschöpfen, verbrauchen, abnutzen', med. `sich mit etw. beschäftigen'; tribǟ́ `das Zerreiben, Abnutzung, Übung, Beschäftigung, Zeitvertreib, Aufschub', tríbōn, -ōnos m. (/f.) `(abgenutzter) einfacher Mantel', tríbo-s m./f. `abgetretener Weg, Pfad' und = tribǟ́; trī̂mma n. `Getriebenes, Schabsel, Bruchstück', trimmó-s (~ -ī-), amphí-trips etc.

Slavic: *terbī́tī, *terbъ

Russ. meaning: тереть, теребить

References: WP I 728 f

Comments: Cf. *ter(y) 'to rub' and #1900 *drep-.

Proto-IE: *tere-, *trē-, *ter(e)-d-

Meaning: to turn, to bore

Old Indian: trṇatti, pf. tatárda `to cleave, split', tardati `to injure, kill'; tárdman- n. `hole, cleft', tr̥dilá- `porous', tradá- m. `one who cleaves or opens'

Old Greek: tetrái̯nō, títrēmi, titráō, titrái̯nō, pf. med. tétrēmai̯, ft. trḗsō, trētó- `durchbohren, durchlöchern', téressen = étrōsen, etórnōse;teréō `to bore through, pierce' Eust.; téretro-n n. `Bohrer', a-téramno- `hart, unerbittlich'; ; trē̂ma n. `Loch, Öffnung, Nadelöhr, Punkt auf dem Würfel', trē̂si-s f. `das Durchbohren, Öffnung, Loch'; küklo-terḗs `made round by turning'; tóro-s m. `borer, drill, used in trying for water, etc.' Phillyl., IG; tórno-s m. `Dreheisen, Drehbank, Eisen zur Vorzeichnung eines Kreises, Zirkellinie'; Kreisbewegung'; tórmo-s m. `Zapfenloch, Radnabe, -büchse, Zapfen'; aor. étore `durchbohren'; torē̂sai̯ `stechen, ziselieren, formen', anti-torē̂sai̯ `durchboren, -dringen, eindringen in'

Baltic: *tren̂d-ē̂- (*tren̂d-)

Germanic: *ɵrē-a- vb.; *ɵrē-d-ú- c.

Latin: terebra f. `Bohrer'

Celtic: *taradro- > OIr tarathar `Bohrer'; Cymr taradr `Bohrer'

Russ. meaning: вертеть, сверлить

References: WP I 728

Proto-IE: *terǝ-, *trā- <PIH *-rH->

Meaning: to move across

Hittite: tarh- (I) 'besiegen, bezwingen, überwinden' (Friedrich 213)

Old Indian: tárati, tiráti, titarti, tarute `to pass across, cross over; to overcome, surpass', tūrvati, tūryati `to overpower', inf. tartum, turváṇe, ptc. tīrṇá-; turváṇi- `überwältigend, siegreich'; tára- `carrying across or beyond', m. crossing, passage'; tarutár- m. `conqueror'; tárutra- `carrying across; conquering, triumphant'; taráṇi- `moving forwards, carrying over'; táras- n. `energy, progress; ferry'; trāyáte, trāti, 2 sg. trā́sva, 2 pl. trā́dhvam `to protect, preserve'

Avestan: taurvan- `überwindend'; ɵrāzdūm `schirmet!'; ɵrā- (prs. ɵrāya-) `schützen, hüten', ɵrāti- f. `Schirm, Schutz'; tar- `hinübererlangen über', prs. titar-, taraya-, taurvaya-, ptc. vī-tǝrǝta-

Other Iranian: MPers tarwīnītan `überwinden, peinigen'; OPers viyatārayāma `wir überschritten'; Osset tǝrɨn `treiben, jagen', Bal tarag, tharaɣ `umwenden, umkehren'

Old Greek: trǟnḗs, trǟnó- `klar, deutlich, bestimmt, sicher'

Slavic: *trājǭ, *trājātī `длиться etc.'

Latin: intrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum `hineingehen, betreten', extrō, -āre `über etwas hinausgehen'

Russ. meaning: переправляться

References: WP I 728 f

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