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Indo-European etymology : Search within this database Total of 3178 records 159 pages
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Proto-IE: *dol-
Meaning: calculation, fraud
Armenian: toɫ `Linie, Reihe'
Old Greek: dólo-s `Lockspeise, Lockmittel, Trug, List'
Latin: dolus, -ī m. `List, Täuschung'
Other Italic: Osk dolom (mallum) `dolum (malum)', dolud (malud) `dolō (malō)'
Russ. meaning: расчет, обман
Proto-IE: *dolǝgh-/*delegh-
Meaning: long
Hittite: daluki- `lang' (Friedrich 206)
Old Indian: dīrghá- `long'
Avestan: darǝga-, darǝɣa-
Other Iranian: OPers darga- 'lang'
Old Greek: dolikhó- `lang', dólikho-s m. `Langlauf'; en-delekhḗs `fortdauernd, ununterbrochen'
Latin: indulgeō, -ēre, indulsī, indultum `nachsichtig sein, nachgeben, nachhängen, frönen, willfahren'
Russ. meaning: длинный
Proto-IE: *dom-
Meaning: house
Old Indian: pátir dán; dám-pati- m. `lord of the house'; dáma- m.n. `house, home', loc. dame `at home'; dámū-nas `friend of the house'; {mana- m. Gebäude, Wohnung}
Avestan: dǝ̄ng paitiš 'Gebieter' (gen. *dems); loc. dąm 'im Hause', ha-dǝmōi 'im selben Haus'; nom. uši-dɔ̄ Name eines Gebirges; dǝmā̆na-, nmāna- n. 'Haus'
Armenian: tun (*dōm), gen., dat. tan, acc. tun, instr. tamb (*dǝ mbhi) `Haus'
Old Greek: dómo-s m. `Haus, Wohnung, Zimmer'; hom. acc. dō̂ `nach Hause'; dō̂ma n. `Haus, Wohnung, Tempel'; ? én-don `innen, darin, zu Hause'; dá-pedo-n n. `Fussboden, Erdboden'; dóma, gen. -atos = dō̂ma Max. 448; dóma = teikhíon Hsch.; des-pótǟs m. `Herr, Hausherr, Herrscher'; ? dmṓs, -ōós m. `Sklave, Knecht'
Latin: domus, -ūs/-ī f. `Haus', loc. domī `zu Hause', dominus, -ī `Hausherr, Herr', domina f. `Hausfrau, Herrin'
Russ. meaning: дом
Comments: Probably related to *dema- 'to build'.
Proto-IE: *doma-
Meaning: to tame
Hittite: damas- (I) 'drücken, drängen, bedrängen' (Friedrich 207)
Old Indian: dāmyati `to be tamed; to subdue, overpower', ptc. dāntá-, caus. damáyati; damitár- m. `tamer'; damá- m. `punishment, fine', dáma- m. `self-command, self-control'
Other Iranian: Osset domun `zähmen', NPers dām `zahmes Tier'
Old Greek: dámǟmi, damázdō, aor. damá(s)sai̯, intr. damē̂nai̯, pass. damē̂nai̯, pf. dédmǟmai̯, va. á-dmǟto- `bezähmen, bändigen, bewältigen'; dmǟtḗr `Bändiger', dmǟ̂si-s `Bändigung', a-dmǟ́s, -tos f., m. `ungebändigt, unverheiratet', a-damato- `id.', dmǟtéǟ f. `id.'; damátei̯ra f.; pan-damátōr m., f. pan-damátei̯ra f. `Allbändiger(in)'
Latin: domō, -āre, -uī, -itum `bändigen, zähmen', domitus, -a `gezähmt, zahm; domitor, -ōris m. `Bändiger, Bezwinger', domitus, -ūs m. `Bändigung'
Celtic: *damne- etc. > OIr damnaim `binde (fest), bändige (Pferde)', inf. damnad, domnad; dam- `sich fügen, erleiden, gewähren'; ad-dam- `gestehn', fo-dam- `erleiden'; OCymr ni cein guodeimisauch gl. `non bebe passae', Cymr addef `gestehn'; goddef `leiden, erlauben' ; dōf `zahm' (< Lat?), Corn gothaf `ertragen', Bret añsav `gestehn'; gouzañv, gouzav `ertragen'; doff `zahm' (<Lat?)
Russ. meaning: укрощать, приручать
Proto-IE: *donw-
Meaning: reed
Old Greek: *donw-: dónak-s, -akos, poet. gen. dọ̄́nakos AP, dat. dṓnaki Theoc. 'pole-reed, Arundo donax, asmaller than kálamos'; anything made of reed'
Russ. meaning: растение (тростник)
Proto-IE: *dorkʷ-
Meaning: supper
Old Greek: dórpo-n n. `Abendessen, Mahl'
Albanian: dárkë, pl. -a f. ужин; drékë, pl. -a обед;
Russ. meaning: ужин
References: WP I 801
Proto-IE: *doup-
Meaning: to sound toneless
Old Greek: dôu̯po-s m. `dumpfes Geräusch, Getöse', dou̯péō, pf. ptc. gen. dedou̯pótos `dumpf tönen, tosen', erí-(g)doupo- `mit lautem Geräusch, laut donnernd'
Slavic: *dūpītī; *dūpātī, *dūpljǭ
Russ. meaning: звучать глухо
Proto-IE: *dous-
Meaning: arm, shoulder
Old Indian: doṣ- n., gen. doṣnáḥ n. (m.) `fore-arm, arm'
Avestan: davš- m. 'Oberarm, Schulter'
Other Iranian: NPers dōš 'Schulter'
Celtic: OIr doe, gen. doat `Arm'
Russ. meaning: рука (Arm), плечо
Proto-IE: *dow-
Meaning: for a long time
Avestan: dbōištǝm adj. `longissimum (zeitlich)'
Other Iranian: OPers duvaištam adv. `diutissime'
Armenian: tevem `dauere, halte aus, halte stand, bleibe', tev `Ausdauer, Dauer', itev `auf die Dauer, lange Zeit hindurch'
Old Greek: dǟ́n `lang' (dor. doā́n `lang'); dǟró- `lange dauernd'', adv. dǟthá `lange', daó- (~ -ā-) = `polükhrónios' (Hsch.)
Latin: dūdum `lange schon, längst'
Celtic: OIr doe `langsam'
Russ. meaning: долго
References: WP I 778 f
Proto-IE: *dōur-
Meaning: palm (of hand)
Old Greek: dō̂ro-n n. `Handbreite'; Arc. acc. dárin = spithamḗn Hsch., (*Lacon.) dáreir = spithamḗ Hsch.
Celtic: OIr dorn `Faust, Hand'; Cymr dwrn `Hand', dyrnaid, MCymr dyrneit `Handvoll', Bret dorn `Hand', dournek `wer grosse Hände hat'
Russ. meaning: ладонь растянутый
Proto-IE: *dō(w)- <PIH *dō->
Meaning: to give
Hittite: da- (II) 'nehmen' (Friedrich 201-202)
Old Indian: dádāti, fut. dāsyati, aor. 3 sg. ádāt, pt. dattá-, (in comp.) -tta-, inf. dāváne; dā́tár- m. `giving, giver'; dāti- `liking to give'; dāná- n. `act of giving, gift'; dāyá- `gebend', dāya- m. `gift, donation'; dā́- m.`giver'
Avestan: dadāiti `er gibt', dāɵra- n. `Geschenk', dāiti- `Geben, Schenken, Gewährung'; dāvōi `zugeben'
Other Iranian: OPers imp. dadātuv
Armenian: aor. etu; tamk `damus', tam `do'; tur `Geschenk'
Old Greek: dídōmi, aor. édōka, pass. dothē̂nai̯, pf. dédōka, m.-p. dédomai̯, va. dotó- `geben'; dṓs f. `Gabe'; dósi-s f. `das Geben, Gabe', dōtínǟ f. `Gabe, Abgabe, Pachtzins'; apó-, diá-, pró-doma; dō̂ro-n n. ` Gabe, Geschenk'; dṓtōr `Geber', dotḗr m., dótei̯ra f. `Geber(in)', dṓtǟ-s, epi-dṓtǟ-s m. hom., att. aor. inf. dọ̄̂nai̯, kypr. dOwenai̯ (o~ō), opt. düwanoi `er möge geben', inf. dowenai, hom., att. inf. aor. dộnai̯ `geben' < *doénai̯ ? *dowénai̯?; dános n. `Gabe; Darlehen, Schuld'
Latin: dō, damus, datis, dare, datum `geben, gewähren'; reddō, reddidi, -ditum, -dere `zurückgeben'; datus, -a `gegeben; dator, -ōris m. `Geber'; datū `zu Geben'; datus, -Us m. `Gabe'; datiō, -ōnis f. `das Geben'; dōs, -tis f. `Mitgift'; datio `das Schenken'; dōnum, -ī n. `Gabe, Geschenk'; duim, duīs etc. `dem, dēs etc.'; fut. II interduō, concrēduō; ? pl. dautia n. `Bewirtung fremder Gäste und Gesandter in Rom'
Other Italic: Osk. dúnúm `Gabe', dúneís `doni', [d]uunated `donavit', da[da]d `dedat', dadid `dederit', didest `dabit', dedet `dedit'; Vestin didet `dat', data `data', duno `donum', Paelign dida `det', datas `datae ~ datas'; Falisk datu `datum', doviat `det'; Mars dunom `donum', Umbr dirsa, dersa, teřa `det', dirsans `dent'; teřte `datur', ateřafust `circumtulerit', dede `dedit', teřust, dirsust `dederit', purdovitu, purtuvitu `poricito', purtuvies `porricies', purtiius `porrexeris', purditom `porrectum', purtifile `porricibilem'; dia `det, faciat'; dunu(m) `donum'
Celtic: *dāno-m > Ir dān `donum, ars, ingenium (Begabung)'; Cymr dawn `Geschenk'
Albanian: dašɛ `ich gab'; δɛnɛ `gegeben', f. `Gabe, Abgabe', geg δąnɛ id.
Russ. meaning: давать, дарить
Proto-IE: *drak-, -g-
Meaning: spectre, evil ghost
Old Greek: drắkōn, -ontos m. 'dragon, serpent'; drắkai̯na f. 'she-dragon'
Celtic: MIr aur-ddrach `Gespenst'
Russ. meaning: призрак, злой дух
Comments: All the above words are usually regarded as later loanwords (ultimately < Greek), but this is not self-evident.
Proto-IE: *drAs-
Meaning: to tear off, to scratch, etc.
Slavic: *drāsātī; *drāstā; *drьsьnъ
Russ. meaning: обрывать, расцарапывать etc.
References: WP I 797 f
Proto-IE: *drAsk-
Meaning: chips, thrash
Russ. meaning: щепки, мусор
Proto-IE: *drAuk(')-
Meaning: a k. of vessels
Celtic: MIr drochta `Fass, Tonne'
Russ. meaning: сосуд (типа бочки)
Proto-IE: *drāpe-
Meaning: to run, to escape
Old Indian: caus. drāpayati `to make run', aor. adidrapat
Old Greek: drāpétǟ-s m., -ti-s f. `Flüchtling'
Slavic: *drā́pātī (Pol, Rus `weglaufen')
Russ. meaning: бежать, убегать
References: WP I 795 f
Comments: Obviously connected with *der[a]-, but what is -pe-?
Proto-IE: *drāp-, -b-
Meaning: rag
Old Indian: drāpí- m. `mantle, garment', drapsá- m. `flag, banner'
Avestan: drafšō- `Fahne, Banner'
Slavic: *drābā (Chech zdraby 'Fetzen, Lumpen', HSorb draby 'allerhand Kleidungsstücke, Kleidungswerk')
Latin: drappus, -ī m. `Tuch, Lappen' (Fr drap 'Tuch', drapeau 'Fahne', It drappo, etc.) < Illyr ? (Pokorny)
Russ. meaning: тряпка
References: WP I 797 f
Proto-IE: *dreg-
Meaning: to drag, to scrape
Russ. meaning: тащить, скрести
References: WP I 797 f
Proto-IE: *drem-
Meaning: to run
Tokharian: B ramer 'quickly, suddenly' (Adams 527)
Old Indian: drámati `to run about, roam, wander'
Old Greek: aor. dramẹ̄̂n, pf. dédroma, aeol., ion., att. dedrómǟka `laufen'; drómo-s `Lauf'; dromǟ́ f. `Lauf', drámǟma/drómǟma n. `id.'
Russ. meaning: бежать
References: WP I 795 f
Proto-IE: *drep-
Meaning: to cut, to pull
Hittite: terip(p)- (I) 'pflügen', terippi n. 'gepflügtes Feld' (Friedrich 221), h.l. tarrappunas 'of plowing'
Tokharian: A räp-, B rāp- (PT *räp-/*rāp(n)ā-) 'dig, turn up the soil, plow' (Adams 528)
Old Greek: drépō, dréptō, aor. drépsai̯, drapṓn Pind., aeol. (Alk.) conj. drópōsin `pflücken, abschneiden'; drépano-n n., drepánǟ f. `Sichel'; drémma n. `klémma; klásma' (Hsch.); dreptéu̯-s <dreptêi̯s> `Winzer (Hsch.); drṓptō `diakóptō' (Hsch.), drō̂pak-s, -kos `Pechmütze, um Haare auszuziehen', drōpakízdō `reisse Haare aus', drṓptǟ-s `planḗtēs, ptōkhós' (Hsch.)
Russ. meaning: резать, дергать etc.
References: WP I 797 f
Comments: Cf. #1815 *terb-, *treb- (*tre-j-b-)
piet-meaning,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-rusmean,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-comment,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-meaning,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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