Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *ghel-(And-)

Meaning: intestines, stomach

Old Greek: pl. kholád-es f. `Eingeweide, Gedärme', khólik-s `Darm', pl. khólik-es f. (m.) `Eingeweide, bes. von Rinden'

Slavic: *želǭdъkъ, *želǭdьcь

Russ. meaning: внутренности (кишки, желудок)

References: WP I 631 f

Proto-IE: *g'helǝ-, *g'hlōw-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: green

Old Greek: khlōró- `hellgrün, blassgrün, grüngelb, gelblig, blass; frisch, lebendig'; khlóo-s, khlọ̄̂-s m. `grüngelbe, hellgrüne, blassgrüne Farbe, Blässe', khlóǟ, khlói̯ǟ f. `junge Grün, junge Saat, junges Gras'

Slavic: *zelenъ(jь), *zelenь; *zelьje, *zlākъ

Baltic: *ǯel̂- (2) vb. intr., *ǯil̂- (2) vb. intr., *ǯelmō̃ (-men-es), *ǯal-a-, *ǯal-ja- adj., *ǯil-a- adj., *ǯel̃-w-a- adj., *ǯā̂l-iā̃ (2)

Germanic: ? *glaww-ú- adj.; *glō-m=

Latin: helus (OLat), (h)olus, -eris n. `Grünzeug, Gemüse, Kohl'

Russ. meaning: зеленый

References: WP I 622 f

Proto-IE: *g'helu-

Meaning: tortoise

Old Greek: khélǖ-s, gen. -ü-os `Schildkröte; Leier'; khelǘnǟ, aeol. khelǘnna `Schildkröte', khelṓnǟ f. 'id.' hHom.+, khelō̂no-s (Lobeck corrected to khelōnós) 'turtle' Hsch.

Slavic: *zelɨ̄, gen. -ъve (ChSl Rus зелъве, Rus dial зелвь); *želɨ̄, gen. -lъve `черепаха'

Baltic: *ǯel̂w-iā̃ f., -ia- m.

Russ. meaning: жаба (черепаха)

References: WP I 631

Proto-IE: *ghel(w)- (IndoIr *g'h-)-

Meaning: yellow

Old Indian: hári- `reddish brown, brown, yellow, fallow, bay'

Avestan: zaray- 'gelb, -lich, goldfarben'

Slavic: *žьltъ(jь)

Baltic: *gelt-a- adj.; *gelt- vb. inch. (Lett AC 2 ~ Lith CIRC)

Germanic: *gul(w)-a- adj.; *gilw-a- adj.

Latin: helvus, -a `honiggelb, isabellfarben'

Celtic: Ir gel `weiss'; Bret. gell '(rötlich)braun'

Russ. meaning: желтый

References: WP I 624 f

Proto-IE: *ghem-

Meaning: earth

Hittite: gim(ma)ra- c. 'Feld, Flur' Tischler 573 f

Old Indian: gen. gmá-ḥ (as if from kṣā́ḥ, see *dg'hem-)

Old Greek: khamái̯ `zur Erde hin, auf der Erde'

Russ. meaning: земля

References: WP I 662 f, Buck 16

Comments: Hard to distinguish from the reflexes of the widely spread *dg'hem- #395. All Italic forms (Lat humus, etc.) may in fact belong here.

Proto-IE: *g'hengh-

Meaning: to step, to walk

Old Indian: jáṅgahe (intens.) `to move quickly, sprawl, kick', jaṃhas- n. `moving, going, course'

Baltic: *ǯeñg- vb. tr., *ǯañg-ī̂-, *ǯañg-u- adj., *ǯiñg- vb. tr., *pra=ǯañg-ā̂ f., *ǯeñg-s-n-ia-, *ǯiñg-s-n-ia- c.

Germanic: *ginx-t-i- c., *ganx-t-i- c., *ganx-t-ō f.; *gang-a- m.; *gang-ia- vb., *gang-a- vb.; *gung-[ō]- vb.; *gang-ia- n.; *gang-ia- adj.; *gang-ul-a-, *gang-il-a- adj.

Celtic: *kng=; *kngsmen- > Gaul Cingeto-rix; OIr cingim `schreite', 3 pl. cengait, pf. cechaing; cing, gen. cinged `Krieger'; cēimm `Schritt'; Cymr rhy-gyngy `Passgehn', cam `Schritt', Corn cam `Schritt'; Bret camm `Schritt'

Russ. meaning: шагать

References: WP I 588

Proto-IE: *g'her-

Meaning: to long for, to wish

Hittite: kari tija- 'willfahren, nachgeben', karija- id. (Tischler 503, 506)

Tokharian: A kar(y)-, B ker(y)- (PT *ker(y)- < *ǵhor-i̯-) 'laugh' (Adams 197)

Old Indian: háryati `to like, delight in'

Avestan: zara- m. `Streben, Ziel'

Old Greek: khái̯rō, aor. kharē̂nai̯, hom. kekháronto, khǟ́rato, pf. (prs.-Bed.) ptc. kekharēóta, kekhárēka, kekhárēmai̯, kekharméno-, va. khartó- `sich freuen'; khári-s, -itos, -in f. `Reiz, Anmut, Gefallen, Wohlgefallen, Gunst, Dankbarkait, Dank', kharǟ́ `Freude', khármǟ f. `Kampfesfreude, Kampflust', khárma n. `Freude, Vergnügen usw.', kharmonǟ́ f. `Freude, Lus, Wonne', -kharḗs `erfreuend, freudevoll etc.'

Slavic: *zārītī

Germanic: *gir-a-, *gir-ja-, *gir-n-a- adj., *gir-n-ia- vb.

Latin: horior (3 sg. horitur), -īrī `antreiben, ermuntern'; hor(i)tor, -ārī `id.'

Other Italic: Osk herest `volet', heriam `arbitrium, potestatem', Herentateís `Veneris'; Paelign Herentas `Veneris', Vestin. hiretum `placitum,, dēdcrētum, Sabin hiretum `decretum'; Umbr heri `vult', heries `voleēs', abl.. pl. heritu consultō, heris ... heris `vel ... vel'

Celtic: OIr gor `fromm', goire `Frömmigkeit, Pietät', MIr do-gar `unglücklich', so-gar `sehr glücklich'

Russ. meaning: стремиться, желать

References: WP I 600 f

Proto-IE: *g'her[e]-, *g'hrē-

Meaning: to bear, to take, to make use

Old Indian: hárati `to take, bear, carry', ptc. hr̥tá-; haraṇa- n. `carrying, holding etc.', háras- n. `a grasp, grip', hartar- m. `bearer, bringer'

Old Greek: khrḗ `es ist nötig, ziemt, man muss, braucht' (on this complicated development see Frisk 1117); khrē̂ma `Sache, die man gebraucht'

Other Italic: Osk heriiad `capiat', herrins `ceperint'

Russ. meaning: нести, брать, пользоваться

References: WP I 603 f

Proto-IE: *g(')herǝ-

Meaning: to grow (ab. grass), to grow green

Germanic: *grá-s-a- n., *grá-s-ja- n.; *grō-a- vb.; *grō-[d]-an- m., *grō-[d]-a- m., *grō-[d]-iōn- f., *grō-[d]-ia- m.; *grō-n-ia- adj., *grōn-ō- vb.

Latin: herba, -ae f. 'Pflanze, Halm, Kraut'

Russ. meaning: расти (о траве), зеленеть

References: WP I 645 f

Comments: Cf. also *g'herǝzdh-.

Proto-IE: *gher[ǝ]-, *ghrē- (IndoIr. *g'h-)

Meaning: bad, small

Old Indian: hrasvá- 'minder, kurz, klein', comp. hrásīyaṁs, hrasati 'nimmt ab, wird kürzer'

Avestan: zara-hehīš 'die mindere, schwächere'

Old Greek: comp. khéi̯rōn m., f., khêi̯ron n. 'worse', sup. khéi̯risto- 'worst'; khrḗ impers. (other forms are contractions of khrḗ, prob. orig. a neut. Subst., with forms of ei̯mí 'sum') 'it is necessary'

Slavic: comp. *gorjь(jь); *gorje

Celtic: OIr. gair 'kurz', gaire 'Lebenskürze', garait, NIr goirid 'kurz', MIr. gerr 'kurz'

Russ. meaning: плохой, маленький

References: [Somewhat different in Pok. and Vasm.]

Proto-IE: *g'herǝzdh-

Meaning: barley

Hittite: karas- n. 'Weizen ?, eine Getreideart, deren Mehl nicht zur Brotbereitung verwendet wird' (Tischler 498)

Old Greek: krī̂ n.; krīthǟ́ f. `Gerste'

Baltic: *gir̂s-ā̂, *girs-ia- c. ?

Germanic: *girst-ō(n-) f.

Latin: hordeum, -ī n. `Gerste'

Albanian: dríthë, pl. -ëra `crop, corn'

Russ. meaning: растение (злаки - ячмень)

References: WP I 611

Comments: Cf. *g(')herǝ-.

Proto-IE: *g'herk(ʷ)-,-g(ʷ)-

Meaning: fork

Baltic: *ǯir̂k-(t)l-iā̃ f. (2); *ǯer̃g- (-ja-) vb., *ǯarg-ī̂- vb., *ǯir̃g- vb. intr.

Latin: furca f. `zweizackige Gabel; Stützpfahl, Tragreff, Halsblock als Strafwerkzeug, Galgen, Joch, Engpass'; furcula 'kleine Gabel, Tragreff, Stützstange; Engpass'

Russ. meaning: рогатка

References: WP I 629

Comments: Lat. -с- in furca may be a secondary analogy with furcula < *g'hrg-tlā (cf. its second meaning hardly derivable from diminutive semantics).

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