Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *gʷei(w)o-, *gʷyē(w)-/*gʷyō(w)-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to live

Tokharian: A śo-, B śāw- (PT *śāw-) 'live'; B śātre 'grain', śaiyye 'sheep, goat', A śoṣi, B śaiṣṣe (PT *śāw'ä-) 'world, people', A śoṃ 'boy', B śaumo 'person, man' (PT *śāumo), A śol, B śaul 'life' (PT *śāwl) (Adams 627 ff)

Old Indian: jī́vati `to live'; jínvati, pra-jinoti `to be active or lively; to urge on, impel'; gáya- m. `house, household, property'; jīrá- `quick, speedy, active';jīvá- `living, alive', m. `life, soul'; jīvitá- n. `life, living being', jīvatha- m. `life, breath'

Avestan: gaeɵā `Wesen, Anwesen, Haus und Hof'; -ǰyāiti- f. `Leben', gen, ǰyātǝ̄uš, acc. ǰyātum `Leben'; yavaē-ǰī- `fortwährend lebend'; ǰīti- f. `Leben'; ǰīra- `lebhaft von Verstand, schlau'; ǰva- (= OInd ǰīva-) `lebendig'; ǰvaiti ( = OInd ǰīvaiti) `lebt'

Other Iranian: OPers gaiɵā `Wesen, Anwesen, Haus und Hof'; jīva- 'lebendig'

Armenian: keam `lebe'

Old Greek: bióō, aor. ebíōn, biō̂nai̯, 1 pl. biómestha; med. hom. tr. (caus.) ebiṓsao, hom. caus. tr. ebíōsa, pf. bebíōka, va. biōtó- `leben'; hom. fut. béomai̯, béi̯omai̯ `ich werde leben'; bío-s m. `Leben(sfuhrung), Lebensunterhalt, Vermögen'; biotǟ́ f. `Leben(sart)', Lebensunterhalt', bíoto-s m. `Leben, Lebensgut'; bíōsi-s f. `Lebensweise' || zdṓō (kret. dōō), ipf. ézdōn/ézdēn, inf. zdēn, aor. zdē̂sai̯/zdō̂sai̯, pf. ézdēka `leben'; zdōó- `lebendig', zdōǟ́ f., ion., poet zdóǟ f. `Leben'

Slavic: *žītī, *žīvǭ; *žīrъ; *žīvъ(jь); *životъ

Baltic: *gī̂- (*gī̂w-a-) (2) vb. intr., *gīw-en̂-, *gī̂w-ā̂-, -ō̂- (2) vb., *gī̂w-a- (2) adj., *gīw-iā̃ (2) f., *gīw-at-ā̂ f., *gaiw-u adj., *gaiw-ā̂ f., *gī-g-ā̂ (2) f., *gei-t-a- m., -iā̃ f.

Germanic: *kwikw-a- adj., *kwi-w-a- adj.; *kwikw-ōn- f.

Latin: vīvō, -ere, vīxī, vīctum `leben'; vīvus, -a `lebendig', pl. vīvī, -ōrum m. `die Lebenden', vīvum, -ī n. `das Lebendige'; vīvidus, -a `lebensvoll'; vīta f. `Leben, Lebensweise'

Other Italic: Osk bivus `vīvī', biítam `vitam'

Celtic: *gʷitu-; *gʷeito-; *gʷiweto-m; *gʷiwo-; *gʷiwotūt-s > Gaul pl. Bitu-rīges; OIr bith, gen. betho `Welt'; biad, gen. biid `Nahrung, Speise'; biu, beo `lebendig'; bethu, gen. bethad `Leben'; Ir biathaim `ernähre'; Cymr byd `Welt'; bwyd `essen'; byw `lebendgg'; bywyd `Leben', OCorn buit `Speise', Corn byw, bew `lebendig', OBret boitolion `esciferis', Bret bed `Welt'; boed `Nahrung'; beo `lebendig'

Russ. meaning: жить

References: WP I 668 f

Proto-IE: *gʷel-

Meaning: neck, throat

Old Indian: gala- m. `throat, neck'

Avestan: gar- f. pl. `Kehle, Hals'

Other Iranian: NPers gulū `Kehle'

Germanic: *kil-u- c., *kil-ōn- f.; *kil-k-an- m.; *kal-k-a- m., *kul-k=

Latin: gula f. `Schlund, Speiseröhre'

Russ. meaning: шея, горло

References: WP I 621

Comments: Cf. *gʷele-. ? Cf. Hitt *kwenan- (Tischler 606)

Proto-IE: *gʷela-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to boil over

Hittite: kweluwana- (kuluwana-) c. 'Waschbecken' (Tischler 604)

Old Indian: galati `to drip, drop, ooze, trickle; vanish', ptc. galita-; galana- `dropping, flowing', n. `dropping, trickling'; jalá- n. `water, any fluid'

Old Greek: balanéu̯-s m. `Bader', balanís f. `Bäderin', balanéi̯o-n n. `Badstube, warmes Bad'

Germanic: *kwillan- vb., *kwalma-z, *kwillō

Russ. meaning: бить ключом

References: WP I 690 f

Proto-IE: *gʷela-, *gʷlā-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: acorn

Armenian: kaɫin, kaɫni `Eiche'

Old Greek: bálano-s f. `Eichel; eichelförmige Frucht, Dattel'

Slavic: *želǭdь

Baltic: *gil-iā̃ f.

Latin: glāns, gen. glandis f. `Eichel, eichelähnliche Früchte wie Buchecker, Datteln'

Russ. meaning: желудь

References: WP I 692

Proto-IE: *gʷelbh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: foetus, womb

Old Indian: gárbha- m. `womb'

Old Greek: delphǘ-s, -ǘos f. `Gebärmutter'; dolphó-s `womb' Hsch.; délphaks, -akos f. (m.) `Sau, Mutterschwein'

Germanic: *kalb-az-, *kalb-iz- n.; *kalb-ōn- f.; *kilb-Vr=

Russ. meaning: плод во чреве; матка

References: WP I 692, Buck 107.

Proto-IE: *gʷele-, *gʷelu-

Meaning: to swallow

Armenian: klanem, 3 sg. aor. ekul `verschlingen'

Old Greek: pl. blétües = hai bdéllai Hsch.; kata-bléthei, ka-bléei = katapínei Hsch., bleî = blíssei, amélgei, blízdei Hsch., blē̂r (Aeol.: Alcm.) = délear; blōmó-s `Bissen, Brot'

Slavic: *glъtъ, *glъtā́tī, *glъtī́tī

Latin: ingluviēs, -ēī f. `Fettwulste um die Kehle, Gefrässigkeit; Kehle', gluttus, -ūs m., glūtus, -ī m. `Schluck, Verschlucken', gluttiō, -īre `verschlucken, verschlingen', gluttō (glūtō v.l.), -ōnis `Schlummer'

Russ. meaning: глотать

References: WP I 621 f

Comments: Cf. *gʷel-.

Proto-IE: *gʷele-, *gʷlē-

Meaning: to throw

Tokharian: A klā(w)-, B klāy- 'to fall' (PT *klā-) (Adams 220 f)

Old Indian: gurate `to raise, lift up; make effort; reject' (only with preverbs); gūryate `to hurt' (?)

Avestan: ni-ɣrāire `sie werden herabgeschwungen, -geschleudert'

Old Greek: bállō (ark. es-dellō, dzéllō (EM), zdéllẹ̄n `bállein' Hsch.), aor. balẹ̄̂n, , ep. süm-blḗtǟn, -blḗmenai, med. sǘmblēto; pf. béblēka, va. blētó- `werfen, treffen'; blē̂ma n. `Wurf, Wurfgeschoss, Wunde'; bolǟ́ f. `das Werfen, der Wurf', bólo-s `das Werfen (eines Fischernetzes), Zugnetz, Zug'; bélos n. `Wurfgeschoss; Waffe', bélemno-n n. `Pfeil, Wurfspiess'; pro-blḗs, -ē̂tos `vorspringend; Vorsprung'; -blēsi-s; tà ém-blēthra n. `Verladekosten' (Pap.); para-blḗdǟn; hekatē-belétǟ-s (Hom.)

Celtic: *gʷlēmo- > Cymr blif `catapulta'

Russ. meaning: бросать

References: WP I 690 f

Proto-IE: *gʷelǝ-

Meaning: to stab, to sting

Hittite: guls- (I) 'ritzen, aufzeichnen' (Tischler 627)

Old Greek: belónǟ `Nadel', bélos n. `Geschoss', hom. oksü-belḗs oiostós; obeló-s, att. oboló-s, dor., ark. odeló-s, thess. obellos m. `Bratspiess, Spitzsäule, Metallstab als Münze und Gewicht gebraucht, Obil; horizontale Linie als kritisches Zeichen'

Slavic: *žę̄dlo

Baltic: *gel-ō̂n-i- c., *gel̂- vb.tr., *gal-a-

Germanic: *kwill=

Russ. meaning: колоть (острием), вонзать

References: WP I 689 f

Proto-IE: *gʷelǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to cause pain, to kill

Tokharian: A, B kwäl- (kul-) (PT *kwäl-, kul-) 'to fail' (Adams 236-237)

Armenian: keɫem `peinige'

Slavic: *žālь, *žālḗtī

Baltic: *gel̂- (2) vb. tr., *gil̂- (2) vb. intr., *gil-u- adj., *gēl-ā̂ f., *gal-a- n., *gāl-[ia]- m., *gul-s-en-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *kwil-a- vb.; *kwal-jō f.; *kwal-ō f.; *kwal-ja- vb.; *kwal-m=; *kwēl-ō f.; *kwil-d-í-, *kwil-d-á-

Latin: vallessit = perierit, dictum ā vallō mīlitārī, quod fit circā castra, quod quī eō ēiciuntur prō perditīs habentur Paul. Fest. 377 (blosse Volksetymologie)

Celtic: *baln- > OIr at-baill `stirbt'; Cymr aballu `perire, deficere'; Corn bal `pestis'

Russ. meaning: причинять боль, смерть

References: WP I 689 f

Proto-IE: *gʷem-

Meaning: to go, to come

Tokharian: A kum-, B käm- (PT *k(w)äm-) 'to come' (Adams 160 f)

Old Indian: gácchati, gámati, aor. ágamam, ágan; conj. gámat, -anti, ptc. gatá- `to go'; gáti- f. `going, moving'; gántu- m. `way, course'

Avestan: (Gath.) inj. 3 sg. uz-ǰǝn, 3 pl. g(ǝ)mǝn, conj. ǰamaiti, ǰimaiti, opt. ǰamyāt_, ǰamaiti `geht'; frA-ɣmat_, Gath. -g(ǝ)mat_ `er kam hinzu'; ǰasaiti `er geht'; gata- `gegangen'; aiwi-gati- `Eintreten, Beginn'

Other Iranian: OPers opt. ǰamijāh; agmatā 'er kam hinzu'

Armenian: aor. 1 sg. eki, 3 sg. ekin, 3 pl. ekin `er kam'

Baltic: *gim̃- (*gem-a-/*gim̂-st-a-) vb. intr., *gim̃-t-i- c., *gem-al-a- c., *gam-a- c., *gam̃-t-ā̂ f., *gim̃-t-ā̃ f.

Germanic: *kwim-a- vb.; *kum-a- vb.; *kwēm-ia- adj.; *kwēm-ōn- f.; *kum-st-i- c., *kúm-ɵ-i- c., *kum-i- c.

Latin: advenat conj. Plaut.; veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum `kommen'; in-, ad-ventus, -ūs m.; in-ventiō f.

Other Italic: Osk gen. kúmbennieís `conventūs', kúmbened `convenit', cebnust `hūc venerit'

Russ. meaning: идти, приходить

References: WP 675 f

Proto-IE: *gʷen-, *gʷnā-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: woman, wife

Tokharian: A śäṃ, B śana (PT *śänā) 'woman, wife' (Adams 621)

Old Indian: gnā́ f. `a divine female'; jáni-, jánī f. `woman, wife'

Avestan: gǝnā, ɣnā 'Frau, Weib', ǰani-, ǰą̄ni- 'Weib'

Other Iranian: NPers zan

Armenian: kēn, pl. kanai-kh `Gattin', coll. kanani `Frauen'

Old Greek: günǟ́ f. `Weib, Frau', böot. banā́ `id.' (Corinn.), pl. banē̂kes Hsch. (? < *gʷanai̯k-)

Slavic: *ženā́

Baltic: *gen-ā̂ f.

Germanic: *kwin-ōn-, *kun-ōn- f.; *kwēn-i- f., *kwēn-ō f.

Celtic: *g^u̯enā, gen. g^u̯nā-s, pl. gen. *g^u̯nōm > OIr ben, gen. mn̄a, pl. gen. ban; ban-: ban-chū `weibl. Hund'; Cymr ben-yw `weiblich', Corn ben-en `sponsa'

Albanian: zónjë, pl. -a 'lady'

Russ. meaning: женщина, жена

References: WP I 681

Proto-IE: *gʷerb-

Meaning: to value, to try, to judge

Old Greek: brabéu̯-s m. `Kampfrichter, Richter, Anführer'

Baltic: *ger̃b- vb. tr., *gar̃b-ā̂, -iā̃ f., *gar̂b-in̂- vb., *gir̃b-i- f.

Russ. meaning: оценивать, судить

References: WP I 686 f

Proto-IE: *gʷere-, *gʷrō-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to swallow, to drink, to devour

Old Indian: girati, gilati `to swallow, devour, eat', ptc. gīrṇa-; gará- `swallowing', m. `drink, beverage', tuvi-grí-, -grá- `swallowing much'

Avestan: ǰaraiti `schluckt', -gar `verschlingend'; garǝman- `Kehle, Hals'

Armenian: ker `Speise, Frass', kur `id.', keri `ich ass'; kokord `Kehle'

Old Greek: bibrṓskō `(auf)essen, verzehren', aor. ébrōn. pf. bébrōka, hom. pf. opt. bebrṓthoi̯s; borǟ́ `Frass (eines Raubtiers)', boró- `gefrässig' ; brō̂ma n., brṓmǟ f.; brōtǘ-s, brō̂si-s `Speise, Nahrung'; brōtḗr `Fresser; fressend, verzehrend'; bárathro-n, ep., ion. bérethro-n, ark. dzerethro-n (< *dérethro-n) `Schlund, Abgrund'

Slavic: *žьrǭ, *žertī; *žerǭ, *žьrā́tī; *žerdlo, *žьrdlo

Baltic: *ger̂- (2) vb. tr., *ger̃-tl-iā̃ f., *pra=gar-a- c., *gir-tl-ia- c.

Germanic: *kwír-ɵr-a- m., n.

Latin: vorāre `gierig fressen, verschlingen', vorāx, -ācis `gefrässig', vora f.: comestōrēs, quī rem suam in voram mittunt; carni-vorus, -a, omni-vorus, -a; pl. vorrī (Gl.) `edācēs'

Celtic: *to-gʷrijā; *gʷrāvato-, *gʷrāvanā > OIr tuarae `Speise'; OCymr breuad `Totenwurm', breuan `Aaskrähe'

Albanian: ngranɛ `gegessen'

Russ. meaning: глотать, пить, пожирать

References: WP I 682 f

Proto-IE: *gʷerǝbh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: child, young one

Old Greek: bréphos n. `Neugeborenes, Kind, Tierjunges'

Slavic: *žerbъ, *žerbьcь, *žerbę̄

Russ. meaning: ребенок, детеныш

References: WP I 689

Proto-IE: *gʷerǝ-, *gʷrā-

Meaning: to praise

Tokharian: A krant-, kränt-, B krent-, kartse 'good, beautiful' (Adams 145 f)

Old Indian: gr̥ṇā́ti, járate `to call out, invoke, praise', saṃ-girate `to acknowledge, praise', ptc. gūrtá-; gī́r f., gen. gíraḥ `invocation, praise'; gūrtí- f. `approval, praise'; jū́rṇi- `invoking', jarā́ f. `invocation, praise', jaritár- m. `invoker, praiser'

Avestan: aibi-gǝrǝnte `preisen, lobend einstimmen', gen. garo f. `Lob, Preis; Loblied', garah- n. `Lob, Preislied', aibi-ǰarotay- `Preisgang', aibi-ǰarǝtar- `Lobpreiser'

Slavic: *žь̃rǭ, *žь́rtī; *žь́rtъvā

Baltic: *gir̂- (1) vb. tr., *ger-a- adj., *gē̃r-ia= c.

Latin: grātēs pl. `Dank', grātia f. `Beliebtheit, Gunst; Dank, Erkenntlichkeit; Anmut, Lieblichkeit'; grātus, -a `gefällig, anmutig; dankbar', grātuītus, -a `unentgeltlich, umsonst'

Other Italic: Osk brateis `grātiae', bratōm `mūnus'; Paelign, Vestin bratom `mūnus'

Russ. meaning: хвалить, восхвалять

References: WP I 686 f

Comments: Cf. *gara- / *gere- 1676: if not for the Osk. form the roots are indistinguishable.

Proto-IE: *gʷerǝu-n-, *gʷr[ā]u-n-

Meaning: millstone

Old Indian: grā́van- m. `stone for pressing out the Soma'

Armenian: erkan `Mühlstein'

Slavic: *žьrnɨ̄, gen. *žьrnъve

Baltic: *gir̂n-ā̂ (1) f., *gir̂n-u- (1) c., *gir̂n-aw-ā̂ (1) f.

Germanic: *kwirn-u- c., *kwirn-ō(n-) f., *kurn-ō f.

Celtic: *gʷrāwō: OIr braō, brō, acc. brōin `Mühlstein, Handmühle'; Cymr breuan, OCorn brou, Bret breo `Mühlstein'

Russ. meaning: жернов

References: WP I 684 f

Proto-IE: *gʷer-, *gur-

Meaning: to gather

Tokharian: B akart(t)e 'near' ( = Lit. gret-) (Adams 1); kār- 'gather' (153)

Old Indian: gaṇá- m. `flock, troop, multitude'; jarante (3 p. pl.) `to come near, approach'

Old Greek: agéi̯rō, hom. pf. ǟgeréthonto, ǟgeréthesthai̯ `versammeln'; agorǟ́ f. `(Volks)versammlung, -splatz, Markt, Handel, Verkehr', ágoro-s m. `Versammlung'; ágüri-s `Versammlung, Menge', agürmó-s m., ágürma n. `Sammlung', agǘrtǟ-s `Bettler'; agrétǟ-s `Sammler'; ágersi-s `das Versammeln, Mustern des Heeres', agermó-s m. `das Sammeln von Geld, Truppen usw.', agértǟ-s m. `Einkassierer' || pl. gárgara 'heaps, lots, plenty', gargái̯rō 'to swarm with', gérgera (gérgena cod.) = pollá Hsch.

Slavic: *gъrtātī, *gъrtjǭ; *gъrstь

Baltic: *gr-et-a- adj., *gr-ut-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *kwar-tar=, *kur-tVr=

Latin: grex, gregis m. (/f.) `Herde, Haufe, Schar'

Celtic: Ir graig, gen. grega `Pferdeherde'; Cymr gre `Pferdeherde'

Russ. meaning: собирать, сбивать в стадо

References: WP I 590 f

Comments: Lith gur̃gula-s, gurgulī̃-s `Verdickung, Knoten, Eiszapfen, Schaumblase, dichter Schwarm (von Vögeln)', gùrguolē, gurguõlē, dial. gérguolē `Menge, Masse (von Leuten, Bienen), Tross, Train' may be derived from this root.

Proto-IE: *gʷerw-

Meaning: tree, stick, spear

Avestan: grava- 'Stock, Rohrstab'

Old Greek: *barǖ́-s ~ -ǘ-s: pl. barǘes = déndra Hsch.

Slavic: ? *gorā `лес'

Baltic: *gar-ia- n., *gir-iā̃, *gir-jā̂ f.

Germanic: *kwir-u- n.

Latin: verū, gen. verus, pl. verua n. `Spiess'

Other Italic: Umbr berus `verubus', berva `verua'

Celtic: OIr biur; Cymr, Corn, Bret ber `veru'

Russ. meaning: дерево, палка, копье

References: WP I 689

Proto-IE: *gʷerw-, *gʷerkʷ-, *gʷergʷ-

Meaning: throat, neck

Tokharian: B kor 'throat' ( < *gʷoru-) (Adams 203-204)

Old Indian: gárgara- m. `whirlpool; churn'

Old Greek: *gʷerwā > att. (Aesch.) dérē, ark. derwa, ion. dẹ̄rḗ, aeol. dérā f. `Hals, Nacken, Kehle'

Slavic: *gъrdlo (= *gъrglo)

Baltic: *gurk-l-iā̃ f., *gur̂k-l-ia- c.

Germanic: *kwirk-ō f.

Latin: gurguliō, -ōnis m. `Gurgel, Luftröhre', gurges, -itis m., gurgus m., pl. gurga `Strudel, Wirbel; Schlund'

Russ. meaning: горло, шея

References: WP I 682 f

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