Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *sal-, *salw-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: dirt, dirty

Tokharian: B sal 'dirty' (Adams 678)

Old Indian: sāla-, sāra- 'grey'

Slavic: *solvъ(jь)

Germanic: *salw-a- adj.

Latin: salīva f. `Speichel'

Celtic: Cymr salw `vilis' (sal `vilis' < Fr); OCorn halou `stercora', OBret gl. haloc `lugubri', Cymr halog `befleckt'; OIr sal f. `sordes', Gael sal nasser `Schmutz, Ohrenschmalz, OIr salach `schmutzig', NBret saotr `Schmutz', saotra `beschmutzen'

Russ. meaning: грязь, грязный

References: WP II 453 f

Proto-IE: *salw-/-o-, *slōw-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: safe, healthy

Tokharian: A salu `ganz', B solme

Old Indian: sárva- `whole, entire, all'; sárvata- `all-sided', sarváthā `in every way'

Avestan: haurva- `unversehrt, ganz'; haurvatāt- `Ganzheit, Vollkommenheit, Wohlfahrt'

Other Iranian: OPers haruva- `unversehrt, ganz'

Armenian: olǯ `gesund, ganz, vollständig', lav `besser'

Old Greek: att. hólo-, ep., ion. ọ̄̂lo- `vollständig, ganz'; lōíōn, att. lṓi̯ōn `vorzüglich(er), zuträglich(er), erwünscht, besser'

Slavic: comp. *sūlējь `besser' [differ. in Vasmer]

Latin: salvus, -a `wohlbehalten, heil, gesund, gerettet', salūs, -ūtis f. `Unverletztheit, Gesundheit'; solidus, -a `gediegen, echt, fest, unerschütterlich, ganz', solōx, -ōcis `dicht, filzig', sollus, -a `tōtus', sollemnis `alljährlich wiederkehrend'; sollers, -tis `ganz kunstbegabt, geschickt erfinderisch, verschlagen'

Other Italic: Osk salavs `salvus ~ Salvus'; Paelign Salavatur `Salvātor'; Umbr saluvom, salvom `salvum'

Celtic: *holio- > OIr (h)uile `ganz, all', Cymr (h)oll `ganz, all', Corn oll `ganz, all', Bret (h)oll `ganz, all'; OIr slān `heil, gesund, ganz, voll'

Albanian: i gjallë `im Leben, lebendig'

Russ. meaning: целый, здоровый (2 корня ?)

References: WP II 510 f

Proto-IE: *sam-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: summer, year

Tokharian: A ṣme 'summer', B ṣmāye 'pertaining to summer' (PT *ṣmiye or *ṣamo) (Adams 668)

Old Indian: sámā f. `a half-year, season, weather, year'

Avestan: ham- 'Sommer'

Armenian: am `Jahr', amarrn `Sommer'

Germanic: *sum-ar-a- n., m.

Celtic: OIr sam (st. samo-), samrad; Cymr, Corn haf, Bret hañv `Sommer'

Russ. meaning: лето, год

References: WP II 492 f

Proto-IE: *samǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to draw

Armenian: amal `ausleeren, entladen'

Old Greek: ámǟ (> lat. hama) `Wassereimer', hamís f. `Nachtgeschirr'; ? ántlo-s m. `Schiffsbodenwasser, Kielwasser'

Baltic: *sem̂- vb. tr., *sam̂-ti- c.

Latin: sentīna f. `Schiffsbodenwasser; Kielwasser, Schiffsjauche'

Celtic: *to-eks-sem-, *semtiō(n)-, *to-air-uks-semtiō, *to-uks-semtiō > OIr doesmet `sie giessten aus', imp. tessim `giess ausL!'; inf. teistiu `das Ausgiessen', tairsitiu `innundatio', tuistiu `Zeugung, Schöpfung'

Russ. meaning: вычерпывать

References: WP II 487 f

Proto-IE: *san-/-e-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: apart, without

Tokharian: A sne, B snai (PT *s(ä)nai) 'without' (Adams 712)

Old Indian: sanutár `aside, away, off, far from', sanitúr `besides, without', sánutara-, sánutya `furtive, clandestine'

Avestan: hanarǝ `ferne von, ohne'

Old Greek: prp. áter `fern von, ohne'

Germanic: *sun-dr=

Latin: sine `ohne'

Celtic: *san- > OIr sain adj. `verschieden, besonders'; OCymr han `alium', Cymr hanred `Abtrenung'

Russ. meaning: отдельно, особо, без

References: WP II 494 f

Comments: A comparison exists with Hitt sanezzi-, sanizzi- 'wohlschmekkend, süß; erstklässig, fein' (Friedrich 181-182)

Proto-IE: *sap-, -e-

Meaning: to try, to research

Germanic: *sib-a- vb.; *saf-ja- vb., *sib-ōn- f.

Latin: sapiō, -ere, sapīvī/sapuī `schmecken, Geschmack haben; riechen; weise sein, einsichtig sein', sapor, -ōris m. `Geschmack, Leckerei, feiner Ton', nesapius `unwissend'

Other Italic: Osk sipus `sciens', Volsk sepu `sciente ?'

Celtic: OIr sāer `artifex'

Russ. meaning: пробовать, изучать внутреннее устройство

References: WP II 450 f

Proto-IE: *sarp- / -e-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: sickle, to cut (with a sickle)

Old Greek: hárpǟ f. `Sichel'

Slavic: *sьrpъ

Baltic: *sir̃p-a-, -ia- c., -ā̂, -iā̃ f.

Latin: sarpiō/sarpō, sarpsī, sarptum, sarpere `beschneiteln die Weinstöcke'

Celtic: MIr serr `Sichel'; Cymr ser `ds.'

Russ. meaning: серп; жать серпом

References: WP II 500 f

Proto-IE: *saus-, *saus-k-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: dry; to dry (tr., intr.)

Old Indian: śúṣyati `to dry, become dry, fade', śoṣa- m. `drying up, desiccation', śúṣka- `dried, dry'; sūkṣma- `minute, small, fine, thin'

Avestan: haoš- 'exarescere'; huška- 'trocken'

Other Iranian: OPers uška- 'trocken'

Old Greek: âu̯o-, att. hâu̯o- `dürr, trocken'; áu̯ō = ksēráinō Hdn., apháu̯ei̯ (Ar. Eq. 394); au̯khmó-s m. `Trockenheit, Dürre, Schmutz', au̯khmǟ́ f. `id.'

Slavic: *sū̀xъ, *sъxnǭtī, *sūšī́tī

Baltic: *saũs-a- adj., *saũs-ē̂-, *saũs- vb. intr., *sus-a- adj., *sus- vb. intr.

Germanic: *sauz-á-, *sauz-í- adj.

Russ. meaning: сухой; сушить/сохнуть

References: WP II 447 f; Fraenkel 946

Comments: ? Lith sùski-s 'Aussatz, Krätze; heruntergekommener, verkommener Mensch', Lett sušk̨is 'jmd., der sich unreinlich hält' [together with śúṣka- can be regarded as a reduplication of *seuk- `squeeze the juice' - but it is extremely dubious!]

Proto-IE: *saw- ~ -o-

Meaning: juice; to squeeze the juice

Hittite: {sunnai 'füllt, presst, drängt aus' - source?}

Tokharian: B ṣwīye 'broth, porridge' (Adams 669); B sum- 'to drop, trickle', sumo 'libation', B smaññe 'broth' (696, 697)

Old Indian: sunóti `to press out, extract', ptc. sutá-; sávana- n., savá- m. `pressing out the juice of the Soma plant', sóma- m. `juice, extract, juice of the Soma plant'

Avestan: hunaoiti `presst aus, keltert', hauma- m. `Soma'

Germanic: *saww=, *saww-ia-

Celtic: *sut- > Ir suth suth `Saft; Milch'

Russ. meaning: сок; выжимать сок

References: WP II 471 f

Comments: See *s[e]uk- 'to squeeze the juice'

Proto-IE: *sayǝw-

Meaning: hard, rough, painful

Tokharian: B saiwe n. 'itch, itching' (Adams 701)

Old Greek: hai̯mōdéō `stumpfe Zähne haben, wie es durch Saures bewirkt wird', hai̯mōdíǟ f. `Stumpfheit der Zähne'

Baltic: *seiw-a-, *sī̂w-a- adj. (1); *sī̂w-a- c., -iā̃ (1) f.

Germanic: *sai-r-a- adj., *sai-r-a- n.

Latin: saevus, -a `wütend, tobend, hart, grausam, grimmig'

Celtic: *saitu-s, *saituro-m > OIr saēth `Leid, Krankheit', sāethar `Leid, Mühe, Arbeit

Russ. meaning: грубый, шершавый, болезненный

References: WP II 445

Proto-IE: *sā-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: satisfied, to satiate

Tokharian: A si-n-, B soy- 'to satisfy' (Adams 703)

Old Indian: a-sinvá-, á-sinvant- `insatiable'

Old Greek: áetai̯ Hsd. (cod. áatai), hom.: ā́menai̯, aor. ā̂sai̯, conj. héōmen (< *hḗomen), ft. ásẹ̄n, va. á-ato- `(sich) sättigen', hádǟn `bis zur Sättigung, genug', hadǟ-phágo- `gefrässig', lakon., Аристофан в глосах áada `недостаток, нехватка' (Hsch.), inf. aadeîn = aporeîsthai, asiteîn Hsch.; hádos n. (~ hádo-s m.) `Sättigung', ? ásǟ f. `Ekel, Unbehagen, Verdruss'

Slavic: *sɨ̄́tъ(jь)

Baltic: *sā̂-ti- c., *sā̂-t-u- adj. (1), *sā̂-t-in̂- vb.

Germanic: *sō-ɵ=, *sa-d-á- adj., *sa-d-ja- vb., *sa-d-í- c., *sa-d-jṓ f., *sa-d-ō- vb., *sa-d-ē- vb.

Latin: satis, sat `genug'; satur, -a `satt'

Celtic: OIr sāith `Sattheit', sāithech `satt'

Russ. meaning: сытый, насыщать(ся)

References: WP II 444 f

Proto-IE: *sāg(')-

Meaning: to track

Hittite: sak(k)-, sek(k)- (II) 'wissen, kennen, erfahren', sagai- c. 'Vorzeichen, Omen', sakkant- c. 'bekannt', sakija- (I) 'kundtun, offenbaren' (Friedrich 176)

Old Greek: hǟgéomai̯ `vorangehen, führen; glauben, meinen'; hǟgemṓn, -ónos m. `Führer'

Germanic: *sōk-ia- vb., *sōkn=, *sak-ō f., *sak-jō(n-) f., *sak-a- vb., *sak-ō- vb., *sak-i- adj., *sax-t-a- adj.

Latin: sāgīre `spüren, wittern', sāgus, -a `wahresagend', sāga f. `Wahrsagerin; Kupplerin'; sagāx, -ācis `scharf witternd; scharfsinnig'

Celtic: *sag- > OIr saigim `gehe einer Sache nach, suche'; Cymr cy-r-haedd `erreichen'

Russ. meaning: идти по следу

References: WP II 449

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