Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *sp[e]rdh-

Meaning: to compete in speed

Hittite: ispart- (I/II) 'hochkommen; entkommen, entfliehen, sich retten' (Tischler 418-419)

Old Indian: spárdhate, subj. -spūrdhán `to emulate, compete, rival', spŕ̥dh- f. `contest, competition'

Avestan: sparǝr- f. `Eifer'

Old Greek: spürthízdō Ar. 'to dance the fling'

Germanic: *spurd-, *spurd-i- c.

Russ. meaning: соревноваться в беге

References: WP II 675 f

Proto-IE: *(s)perǝ- (sph-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to kick

Old Indian: sphuráti `to spurn; to dart, bound, spring, tremble, quiver; to hurt, destroy', ptc. sphurita-, sphūrta-; sphura- `quivering, trembling; m. quiver, throb', sphuraṇa- n. `trembling, throbbing, vibration', sphūrti- f. `quivering, throb, palpitation'

Avestan: sparaiti `tritt, stösst', sparman- n. etwa `Trit, Stoss'

Other Iranian: NPers sipardan `treten'

Old Greek: spái̯rō `zucken, zappeln', aspái̯rō `id.'

Slavic: *pьrā́tī, *perǭ

Baltic: *spir̂- vb. tr., sper̂- vb. tr. (2), *spar-a- c., *sper-tl-a- n.; *per- vb. tr.

Germanic: *spir-n-a- vb., *spur-n-a- vb.; *spur-n-ō- vb., *spur-n-ia- vb.; *spur-ō- vb.; *spur-ōn- f., *spur-a- n., *spur-an- m., *spur-i- c., etc.

Latin: spernō, -ere, sprēvī, sprētum `wegstossen, verwerfen, verschmähen', aspernārī `zurückweisen, verschmähen'; ? asper, -era `rauh, herb, holperig, struppig, beissend, barsch

Russ. meaning: пинать

References: WP II 668 f

Comments: Cf. Lith per̃ti (pẽria, pẽrē) 'schlagen, baden', Lett pḕrt (per̨u, ṗèru)'schlagen prügeln; baden (tr.), eig. mit dem Blatterquast (belaubten Besen) schlagen' and Slav *pьrā́tī, *perǭ (2 roots at least: 'to wash (beating)' and 'to trample, etc.'

Proto-IE: *(s)perg-

Meaning: sparrow

Old Greek: {sporgílo-s m. N. eines Vogels, `Sperling ?' - nowhere found!}, spérgoulos = ornithárion Hsch., pérgoulos (Argive ?) 'a small bird' Hsc.

Baltic: *sper-g-l=, *spur-g-l=

Germanic: *sperk=

Russ. meaning: птица (воробей)

References: WP II 666 f

Comments: Cf. *spar(w)-, *spraw-, *(s)pars- #1104

Proto-IE: *spergh- (Indoir -g'h-)

Meaning: to strain (oneself), to spring

Old Indian: spr̥háyati `to be eager, desire eagerly, long for'

Avestan: ā-spǝrǝzatā `er war bestrebt'

Old Greek: spérkhō, -omai̯, aor. esperksámēn Hsch., ps. ptc. sperkhthẹ̄́s med. `einherstürmen, sich drängen, aufgebracht, leidenschaftlich bewegt sein', act. `drangen, antreiben, anspornen'; sperkhnó- `schnell, hastig, eindringlich', adv. spérgdēn = errōménōs Hsch., adv. kata-sperkhádǟn (cod. -átēn), Erklärung verderbt, Hsch. [cf. spárgō 'wickle ein', spárganon 'Windel']

Slavic: *prę̄gǭ, *prę̄gtī, *prǭgъ, *prǭžītī

Baltic: *spriñg- vb. tr., *spreñg- (spreng-a-/-ja-) vb. tr.

Germanic: *spring-a- vb., *sprang-ia- vb., *spring=, *sprōg-ō- vb.

Russ. meaning: напрягать(ся), выскакивать

References: WP II 675 (somewhat different in Pok. 991-992, 998)

Proto-IE: *speud-

Meaning: to press, to hurry

Armenian: ? phoit, gen. phuthoy `Eifer'

Old Greek: spéu̯dō, -omai̯, aor. spêu̯sai̯, pf. md. éspeu̯smai̯ `sich sputen, eile, streben, sich anstrengen', tr. `antreiben, beschleunigen, betreiben, nachstreben'; spou̯dǟ́ f. `Eile, Eifer, Mühe, Ernst, Wohlwollen'

Baltic: *spaûd- (-ja-) vb. tr., *spaûd-ī̂- vb., *spaud-ā̂ f., *spaud-mō̃ c., *spaũd-(s)t-a- n., *spūd-ā̂ f., *spū̂d-t-i (1?)

Russ. meaning: давить, торопить

References: WP II 659

Proto-IE: *spē-

Meaning: to pull, to stretch

Avestan: spayeiti, aor. spāh-, ptc. spāta- `jacere, abicere, wegschaffen, beseitigen', apa-spayat_ `zog (die Kleider) ab, warf (sie) ab'

Old Greek: spáō, -omai̯, aor. spásai̯, spás(s)asthai̯, ps. spasthē̂nai̯, pf. md. éspasmai̯, va. spasto- `ziehen; herausziehen, zerre, zucken, an sich ziehen od. reissen, abreissen, verrenken, wohin ziehen od. loceen, einziehen, einsaugen, hinunterschlürfen'; spási-s f. `das Einziehen etc.', spasmó-s m. `das Zucken, Krampf, heftige Bewegung', spásma n. `Krampf, Verrenkung; Lappen, Fetzen'; -spatēr (Inschr.); para-spás, -ádos f. `Pflanzenabsenker', spádīk-s, -īkos m. `(abgerissene) Zweifg, bes. Palmzweig'; spadṓn, -ónos f. `Zucken, Krampf'; spátos n. `(abgezogene) Haut'

Germanic: *spē-d=, *spē-d-i- adj.

Latin: spatium, -ī n. `Raum, Zwischenraum, Spazierweg, Bahn, Rennbahn; Zeitraum, Frist; Zeit, Dauer, Lange'

Russ. meaning: тянуть, растягивать

References: WP II 655 f

Proto-IE: *spē- (sph-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to prosper, to turn out well

Hittite: ispai- (II) 'sich satt essen' (Tischler 408-409)

Tokharian: ? B spāw- 'subside, run dry' (Adams 717)

Old Indian: sphāyate `to grow fat, swell, increase', caus. sphāvayati, ptc. sphītá-; sphīti- f. `welfare, prosperity', sphātí- f. `fattening, breeding (of cattle), increase, growth, prosperity', sphāra- `extensive, wide, large', sphirá- `fat'

Avestan: spǝ̄nvat_ `er förderte'

Slavic: *spḗtī, *spējǭ; *spēxъ, *spēšī́tī

Baltic: *spē̂- (-ja-) vb. abs./tr. (1), *spē̂-r-u- adj., *spē-m-iā̃ f., *spē̃-t-a- c., *spē-k-ā̂ f., *spē̃-k-a- c., *spē̃-j-u-/spē̂-j-u- (1) adj.

Germanic: *spē-d-i- c., *spō-n-, *spōw-a- vb.; *spō-d-i- c., *spō-d-ia- vb.

Latin: spēs, -ēī, pl. spērēs `Erwartung, Hoffnung', spērāre `hoffen, erwarten'; prosperus, -a `günstig, glücklich'

Russ. meaning: процветать, удавать себе

References: WP II 656 f

Proto-IE: *spēy- (sph-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: prickle, pointed stick

Tokharian: A dat. spinae `Haken, Pflock'; B ṣpikiye 'crutch' (Adams 667)

Old Indian: sphyá- n. `a flat piece of wood shaped like a sword for ritual purposes; spar or boom (of ship's sails); a k. of oar'

Armenian: phkhin `Pfeil, Wurfspiess'

Old Greek: spílo-s f.; spilás, -ádos `Fels, Riff', sphḗn, gen. sphēn-ós m. `Keil'; sphaníon = klinídion, en sphaníōi̯ = en klinaríōi̯ Hsch.

Slavic: *spīljā `большая игла, шпилька': чеш. spíle, польск. śpila

Baltic: *spī-l-ia- c., *spī-l-ā̂, -iā̃ f., *spai-dl-ia-, *spei-dl-ia-, *spī-dl-iac., *spī-dl-iā̃ f.; *spi-t-ul-iā̃ f., *spī̂-n-ā̂ (2), spī̂-n-iā̃ (2) f.

Germanic: *spi-t-ō(n-) f., *spi-t=, *spi-t-ja-; *spi-n-Vl=; *spī-l-a- m., -ō f.; *spi-l=; *spī-k-a- m., *spai-k-an- m., *spi-k-ō f.; *spī-r=, *spī́-x-ō(n-) f.; *spē-n-u- c.

Latin: spīca f.; spīcus, -ī m.; spīcum, -ī n. `Ähre', spīculum, spīcula `Lanzenspitze'

Russ. meaning: колючка, остроконечная деревяжка

References: WP II 652 f

Proto-IE: *spinǝdh-

Meaning: to sparkle

Tokharian: A pañi, B peñiyo 'splendor' (PT *peñiyo) (Adams 394)

Old Greek: spinthḗr, -ē̂ros m. `Funke', spínthrak-s, -akos m. `id.'

Baltic: *spiñd-/*spin̂d- vb. inch., *spiñd-ē̂-/spin̂d-ē̂- vb. (1/2), *span̂d-a-, -u- adj. (2), *span̂d-r-[u]- adj. (2)L

Russ. meaning: сверкать

References: WP II 664 (different in Pok.)

Proto-IE: *(s)ping- (ph-)

Meaning: a k. of small bird (finch ?)

Old Indian: kala-víṅka- m. `sparrow'; phiṅgaka- m. `the fork-tailed shrike' (L.)

Old Greek: spízda f. `Buchfink'; *spiŋgo-s: spíŋgon = spínon (Hsch.), spǘŋgas= órnis Hsch.

Germanic: *fink-i- c.; *fink-ian- m.; *spink-i- c., *spink-ian- m.

Russ. meaning: птица (зяблик и др.)

References: ?

Proto-IE: *(s)pīk[ʷ]-

Meaning: a k. of motley bird

Old Indian: piká- m. `the Indian cuckoo'

Old Greek: pīpṓ f. `Specht, Picus maior und minor'; pī̂pos f., pípra <? pī́prǟ> f. v.l. for pīpṓ in Arist.

Baltic: *pī̆k-l-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *spíx-a- m.; *spix-t-a- m., *spix-t-ōn- f.

Latin: pīca f. `Elster', pīcus, gen. -ī m. `Specht'

Other Italic: Umbr peica `pīcam', peico `pīcum'

Russ. meaning: птица (пестрая)

References: WP II 681

Proto-IE: *(s)pīn-

Meaning: backbone, dorsal fin

Slavic: *spīnā A/C

Baltic: *spī̂-n-ā̂ (2), spī̂-n-iā̃ (2) f.

Germanic: *fin-jō f., -ja- m.

Latin: spīna f. `Dorn, Stachel, Rückgrat, Spitzfindigkeit, Sorge'

Other Italic: Umbr spinia, spina `columnam'

Russ. meaning: позвоночник, спинной хребет

References: WP II 652 f

Comments: Contamination with *spēy- 'prickle'.

Proto-IE: *(s)plend-

Meaning: to shine

Tokharian: A, B plānt- 'rejoice, be glad' (PT *plānt-) (Adams 425)

Baltic: *splend- (-ja-) vb.

Latin: splendeō, -ēre `glänzen', splendidus, -a `glänzend', splendor, -ōris m. `Glanz'

Celtic: *landis, *lanstu- > MIr lainn `hell, glänzend', lēss `Licht', Ir loinnreadh `Glanz'; Cymr llathru `putzen'

Russ. meaning: светить(ся)

References: WP II 679 f

Proto-IE: *(s)plēig'h-(n-) (/ *ps-)

Meaning: spleen

Old Indian: plīhán- m. `spleen'

Avestan: spǝrǝzan- `Milz'

Armenian: phaicaɫn

Old Greek: splḗn, gen. splēnós m. `Milz', pl. spláŋkhn-a `innere Organe (Herz, Leber, Lungen, Nieren), Eingeweide'

Slavic: *sьlēzā, *sьlēzenā

Baltic: *bluǯ-n-i- c., *bluǯ-n-iā̃ f.

Latin: liēn, gen. liēnis m. `Milz'

Celtic: OIr selg; MBret felc'h `Milz'

Russ. meaning: селезенка

References: WP II 680

Proto-IE: *spol-

Meaning: hide, fell

Old Greek: spolás, -ádos f. `lederner Harnisch, Koller'; spólia = tà paratillómena erídia apò tō̃n skelō̂n tō̂n probátōn (Hsch.); áspalon = skü̂tos Hsch.

Baltic: *spal-ia- c., *spel-an-

Latin: spolium, -ī n. `abgezogene oder abgelegte Tierhaut; dem Feinde abgenommene Rüstung, Beute'

Russ. meaning: содранная кожа, шкура

References: WP II 677 f

Proto-IE: *(s)pong- (-ph-)

Meaning: sponge, tree-fungus; excrescence

Armenian: sunk, sung `Schwamm, Korkbaum, Bimsstein'

Old Greek: spóŋgo-s, hell. auch sphóŋgo-s m. `Schwamm (zum Abwischen); Drüse'

Baltic: *spung-iā̃ f.

Latin: fungus, -ī m. `Erdschwamm, Pilz; Meer-, Baumschwamm; Lichtschnuppe, schwammartiges Geschwür'

Russ. meaning: растение (губка, губчатый гриб); нарост на теле

References: WP II 681 f

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