Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *tak's-

Meaning: yew

Old Indian: takṣaka- `name of a tree' (L.)

Slavic: *tīsъ `Eibe; Lärche'

Latin: taxus, gen. -ī f. `Taxusbaum, Eibe'

Russ. meaning: дерево (тис)

Comments: Differently in Pok. 1059-1060.

Proto-IE: *tal- (/-e-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: earth, ground

Old Indian: talima- n. `ground prepared for the site of a dwelling'

Armenian: thaɫ Gegend, Distrikt thaɫar irden, irdener Gefäss;

Slavic: *tъlo

Baltic: *tal-u- c.

Latin: tellūs, gen. -ūris f. `Erde'

Celtic: OIr talam, gen. talman `Erde'

Russ. meaning: земля

References: WP I 740

Proto-IE: *tAlk-

Meaning: to interpret

Old Indian: tarkayati `to conjecture, guess, infer', tarka- m. `conjecture, reasoning'

Slavic: *tъlkъ, *tъlkovātī

Germanic: *ɵúl(x)-a- m., *ɵúl(x)-ōn- f., *ɵúlxi-a- m.

Russ. meaning: толковать

References: WP I 744 f (differently Pok. 1088).

Proto-IE: *tAlw-

Meaning: thick

Old Indian: tílvila- 'fertile'

Armenian: thaɫun 'dick'

Slavic: *tъlstъ(jь)

Baltic: *tul̃ǯ- vb. inch.

Russ. meaning: толстый

References: Fraenkel 1078 (different in Pok.)

Comments: Baltic has a contamination with *tel̃ǯ-, *til̃ǯ- 'wet, soft' (< *telg'h- ?)

Proto-IE: *tAnd-

Meaning: sluggish, lazy

Old Indian: tandate 'to become relaxed', tandrā f. 'lassitude, exhaustion, laziness', tandrayú- 'fatigued, lazy'

Baltic: *tand-u- adj.

Russ. meaning: медлительный, ленивый

References: Fraenkel 1056

Proto-IE: *tAnk- / -e-, -g-

Meaning: thick, curdled (milk)

Old Indian: ā-tanakti `to cause coagulation', tanakti `to contract'; {ā-táṅgana- n. `Mittel zum Gerinnen, Lab'}; takra- n. `buttermilk mixed with water'

Other Iranian: NPers tanǯīδan `zusammenziehen', tang `eng'

Armenian: thanʒr, gen. thanʒu `dicht, dick'

Slavic: *tǭčā

Baltic: *tan̂k-u- adj. (1)

Germanic: *ɵínx-l-a- n.; *ɵinx-t-a- adj.; *ɵánx-ō(n-) f.

Celtic: *tenkto-; *tenkō, *tenctō > Ir tēcht `geronnen'; con-tēcim `gerinne', tēchtaim id.

Russ. meaning: густой, створоженное (о молоке)

References: WP I 725

Proto-IE: *tAp-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to drown

Armenian: thathavem `tauche ein', thōn `Feuchtigkeit, Nässe, Regen'

Slavic: *topī́tī, *tonǭtī; *tonjā

Russ. meaning: погружать(ся) в воду, тонуть

References: WP I 705

Proto-IE: *tAp-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to occur, to fall into

Old Greek: tópo-s m. `Ort, Stelle, Gegend, Distrikt, Raum, Thema einer Rede usw.'

Baltic: *tap- vb. intr.

Germanic: *ɵa[f]-ja- vb.

Russ. meaning: оказываться, попадать

References: WP I 743 f

Proto-IE: *tap-/-e-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to press, to pound

Old Indian: vi-tapati `to force asunder', saṃ-tapati `to oppress, afflict'

Other Iranian: NPers tāftan `niederdrücken'

Old Greek: tapẹ̄nó- `niedrig gelegen, gering im Range, gemein, unbedeutend, demütig'

Slavic: *tepǭ, *tetī/*tepstī, *topātī, *topotъ

Baltic: *tep- (*tep-a-) vb. tr., *tep-ē̂- vb., *tap-ī̂- vb., *tap-nā̂-, -ā̂- vb.,

Germanic: *ɵab-ja- vb., *ɵa[f]-[ō]- vb., *ɵō[f]-a- n.

Russ. meaning: давить, прессовать, толочь

References: WP I 705

Proto-IE: *tar-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to say, to shout

Hittite: tar- (I) 'sagen, nennen', darija- (I) 'anreden, anrufen, nennen' (Friedrich 212, 213)

Tokharian: B tär- 'plead, implore' (Adams 293)

Old Indian: tārá- 'high, loud, shrill'

Armenian: thrthrak 'good speaker'

Old Greek: toró- `laut, gellend, vernehmbar, deutlich'; fut. tetorḗsō (Ar.) ''to proclaim in shrill piercing voice'

Slavic: *tortorītī; *tortorъ, *tъrtorъ

Baltic: *tar̃- (*tar-ja-/*tar-a-) vb., *tar-ī̂- vb., *tar̃-t-i- f., etc.

Celtic: MIr tairm 'Lärm'; Cymr twrf 'stir, tumult'

Russ. meaning: говорить, шуметь

References: WP I 744

Proto-IE: *tard-/-e-, *trand-

Meaning: a k. of insect (wood-borer, termite)

Old Indian: tardá- m. `a k. of bird' (?)

Old Greek: terēdṓn, -ónos m. 'wood-worm; a grub which infests beehives, larva of the wax-moth, Galleria mellonella; a worm in the bowels; caries (in the bones)'

Slavic: *trǭdъ `Art Krankheit ("düsentería"); Drohne'

Baltic: *trand-i- c., -iā̃ f.

Latin: tarmes, -itis (/ termes, -itis) `Holzwurm'

Celtic: Cymr cynrhonyn `termes, lendix', pl. cynrhawn; Corn contronen `cimex'; MBret controunenn `ver de viande', Bret contronenn `ver de viande'

Russ. meaning: насекомое sp. (древоточец, термит)

References: WP I 735

Comments: Cf. also Lett. tā̀rps 'Wurm, Raupe' (?). This root must be separated from ter-- 'to rub, bore, drill, etc.'

Proto-IE: *tar-/-e-

Meaning: prep./adv.

Old Indian: tiráḥ adv. 'through, across, beyond; apart from, without'

Avestan: tarō adv. 'seitwärts, unvermerkt', prp. 'durch--hin, über--hin, über--hinweg, hinaus; abgesehen von, ausser', tarasča 'quer durch'

Germanic: *ɵirxa, *ɵurxa

Latin: trans 'jenseits, über--hinweg'

Other Italic: Umbr traf, trahaf prp. 'jenseits, über--hinweg'

Celtic: OIr tar prp. 'über--hinaus', tairm-, tarmi- 'ds.', trem-, tremi- 'durch', Cymr trim-uceint '30'' Cymr tra-, MCymr tra, hyt tra 'während, so lange', Corn hedre, Bret endra 'ds.'

Russ. meaning: через

References: WP I 734

Comments: Cf. *tor(w)[e]-, *ter[a]-.

Proto-IE: *tArm-

Meaning: gut (rectum ?)

Old Greek: trámis f. (LS: the acc. trámēn in EM 736.36 is f.l. for trámin, cf. Sch.Luc. p. 191 R) 'the perineum or line which divides the scrotum and runs on to the breech'

Germanic: *ɵarm-a- m.

Russ. meaning: кишка (прямая?)

References: WP I 732 f

Proto-IE: *taron- <PIH *-rH->

Meaning: thunder; the Thunderer

Hittite: ^dTarχu-, ^dTarχunna- `storm god' (Lyd., in Greek Τάρχων), Luw. Tarχunt `storm god': nom. ^dtar-hu-un-za (Otten, Zur grammatikalischen und lexikalischen Beistimmung des Luvischen. B., 1953: 101-102), Luw-Hier. nom. *tarhu(n)ts, dat. *tarhu(n)ti `storm (?) god' (Merigi 239, 257), Lyk. Trqqa-, Trqqñt GN

Other Iranian: Pashto taṇā́/tanā́, tǝṇā́/tǝṇā́ f., taṇ 'thunder' (РАС, АРС I, II), taṇā / tanā Morgenstierne EV:81

Slavic: *t[ā]ronъ, *tъronъ: Kash tarȯn, trȯn (Sychta)

Germanic: *ɵunr-a- m., *ɵunr- m.

Celtic: Gaul (in Lat.) Taranis `thunder god'; Ir torann `thunder, thunder god'; Cymr taran id., OCorn taran id., Bret. taran id.

Russ. meaning: гром, бог-громовержец

Proto-IE: *tArs-, *stAr-

Meaning: coccyx

Baltic: *tutur-sl=, *tur̃s-ā̂-, -in- vb.,

Germanic: *start=

Celtic: OIr tarr 'Hinterteil, Schwanz, Bauch', Ir torrach 'schwanger', Cymr tor 'Bauch', torog 'schwanger'

Russ. meaning: зад (у птиц), копчик

References: Fraenkel 1144

Proto-IE: *taur- (/*tarw-)

Meaning: aurochs

Old Greek: tâu̯ro-s m. `Stier'

Slavic: *tū̀rъ

Baltic: *taũr-a- m.

Germanic: *ɵiur-a- m.

Latin: taurus, gen. -ī m. `Stier; Skarabaeus'; taura f. `unfruchtbare Zwitterkuh'

Other Italic: Osk turuf, toru `taurōs'

Celtic: Gaul Tarbos (Trigaranus); MIr tarb `Stier'

Russ. meaning: скот (дикий бык, тур)

References: WP I 711

Proto-IE: *taus-

Meaning: quiet

Old Indian: tuṣyati `to become calm, be satisfied, pleased', ptc. tuṣṭa-

Avestan: tušni- `stillsschweigend'

Slavic: *tūxnǫti, *tūšīti

Baltic: *tus-ē̂- (*tus-a-) vb., *tus-n-a- adj., *tus-ī̂- vb., *taus-ī̂- vb.; *tō̃s- (-ja-) vb.

Germanic: *ɵust=

Celtic: *tausi̯ā ? > OIr tuae `silentium', MIr tō `still, schweigend', MCymr taw `schweige!', Cymr taw `Schweigeen; schweigend', tawel `schweigend', OBret taguelguiliat gl. zu dem als `schweigendes Wachen' missverstandenen lat. silicernium; guo-teguis `compescuit', Bret tao `schweigen'; tevel `schweigen'

Russ. meaning: спокойный, молчаливый

References: WP I 714

Proto-IE: *tAus-, *twAs-

Meaning: shout, chatter

Baltic: *twask-ē̂- (*twask-a-) vb., *twask-u- adj.

Germanic: *ɵaus-k-a- n., *ɵus-k=, *ɵius-t-[ō]- vb., *ɵus-ja- m., etc.

Russ. meaning: кричать, болтать

References: Fraenkel 1151

Proto-IE: *tawǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to fatten; fat

Old Indian: tauti, {tavīti} `to have authority, be strong', tavás- `strong, energetic, courageous', m. `power, strength', taviṣá- `strong', táviṣī `power, strength, violence', tuví- (in comp.) `very, mighty', tū́ya- `strong, quick'; tūtumá- `strong', túmra- `big, strong', tumala-, tumula- `tumultous, noisy'

Avestan: tav- `vermögen', tavah- n. `Macht', tǝvīšī `Körperkraft'

Other Iranian: OPers tauman- n. `Vermögen, Kraft, Macht'

Old Greek: taǘ-s = mégas, polǘs; ptc.aor. pl.acc.f. taǘsas = megalǘnas, pleonásas Hsch.

Slavic: *tɨ̄̀jǭ, *tɨ̄́tī; *tovī́tī; *otāvā; *tū́šā

Baltic: *tū̂-l-a- adj., *tu-m̂-t-a- c., *tu-m̂-st-a- c.

Germanic: *ɵū-m-an- m., *ɵu-m-an- m., *ɵu-m-al-a- m., *ɵu-m-il-a- m.; *ɵau-s-n-ō f., *ɵau-s-ō- vb., *ɵau-s-ia- vb., *ɵu-s-i- c.; *ɵwa-s-t-ia- vb.; *ɵiu-s-ia- vb., *ɵiu-s-tr-a- m., *ɵú-s-a- n., *ɵū-s-t-a- m., etc.

Latin: tumēre, -uī `geschwollen sein; vor Zorn aufbrausen', tumidus, -a `geschwollen; aufbrausend; aufgeblasen; schwülstig', tumor, -ōris m. `Schwellung; Aufwallung; Aufgeblasenheit; Gärung; Schwulst', tumulus, -ī m. `Bodenschwellung, Hügel; Grabhügel', tumultus, -ī m. `Unruhe, Lärm, Getöse; Kriegslärm, Aufstand; Sorge, Aufregung'

Celtic: Cymr twf `Kraft, Stärke', tyfu `zunehmen, wachsen'; MBret tin̄va `zusammenwachsen (von einer Wunde); gedeihen, von einem Pfropfreis'

Russ. meaning: жиреть; жир, жировые отложения

References: WP I 706 f

Comments: See the same root in *tewǝk-. In Balt. contamination with *temǝ- 'curdle' (see the derivatives there).

Proto-IE: *tAwǝl-, *twōl- (*tul-)

Meaning: quiver, pipe

Old Indian: tūṇa- m., tūṇi- m., tūṇī- f. `quiver', tū́ṇava- m. `flute'

Old Greek: sōlḗn, -os m. (and sōlē̂no-s m. Anan.Oxy.) 'channel, gutter; pipe'; 'membru virile (Hsch.)'

Slavic: *tūlъ

Germanic: *ɵul-ō(n-) f.

Russ. meaning: колчан, трубка