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Indo-European etymology : Search within this database Total of 3178 records 159 pages
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Back: 1 20 Forward: 1 20 50 100 \data\ie\piet
Proto-IE: *(e)lAig'-
Meaning: to jump, to spring, to play
Old Indian: réjati, -te `to go, to cause to tremble or shake; to shake, tremble, quiver'
Other Iranian: NPers ālēxtan `springen, ausschlagen (von Pferde)', Kurd be-lezium `tanze', līzim `spiele'
Old Greek: elelízdō, ptc. elelíkhthōn, aor. eléliksa, elélikto, ps. elelikhthē̂nai̯, pd. md. eléligmai̯ `erschüttern', md.-ps. `zittern, erschüttert werden'
Russ. meaning: прыгать, скакать, играть
References: WP II 399 f
Proto-IE: *(e)lAmbh-
Meaning: deer, lamb
Old Greek: élapho-s m., f. `der Hirsch, die Hirschkuh'
Russ. meaning: скот (олень, овечка)
Proto-IE: *elek-
Meaning: to shine
Old Indian: árcati, inf. r̥cáse `to shine, be brilliant'
Old Greek: ēléktōr, gen. -tōros, acc. -tora m. Ben. der Sonne bzw. Beiwort des Hüperíōn ; ḗlektro-n n., ḗlektro-s m./f. `mit Silber gemischtes Gold, Bernstein'
Russ. meaning: светить
References: WP II 381 (differently in Pok.)
Proto-IE: *(e)lemgh-
Meaning: to scold, to accuse
Old Greek: eléŋkhō, aor. ps. eleŋkhthē̂nai̯, pf. elḗlegmai̯, 3 sg. -ŋgtai̯ `beschimpfen, schmähen, tadeln, zu Schanden machen; beschämen, übertreffen, überführen, widerlegen, beschuldigen usw.', éleŋkhos n. `Schimpf, Schande', éleŋkho-s m. `Überführung, Widerlegung', éleŋksi-s f. `id.', eleŋktḗr m. `der überführt'
Celtic: MIr. lang 'Scham, Betrug, Verrat'
Russ. meaning: ругать, обвинять
Proto-IE: *(e)lengʷh-
Meaning: light (not heavy)
Tokharian: B lankŭtse 'light' (not heavy) (Adams 544)
Old Indian: laghú-, raghú- `light, quick, swift', r̥hánt- `small, weak, powerless'; laṅghati, laṅghayati 'to leap over', ráṃhati, raṅghate `to hasten, speed, run'
Avestan: ragu-, f. rǝvī 'flink'; rǝnǯaiti, rǝnǯayeiti 'macht leicht, flink, lässt sich bewegen'
Old Greek: elakhǘ-, élakho- `klein'; elaphró- `leicht, behend, schnell, gering'
Latin: levis, -e `leicht; schnell; sanft, leise; gering, unbedeutend; leichtsinnig'
Celtic: *lagjōs > OIr comp. laigiu (/ lugu) `kleiner, schlechter', sup. lugimem, lugam; lagat `parvitas'; MCymr comp. llei `minor', sup. lleiaf; NCymr comp. lai `minor', Corn comp. le `minor', OBret *comp. nahu-lei `nihilominus', MBret lau `klein, schlecht'; OIr lingid 'springt', lēimm 'Sprung'
Albanian: l'eh, l'éhεtε leicht
Russ. meaning: легкий
Proto-IE: *elen-, *lān- <PIH *e->
Meaning: deer
Hittite: alija(n)- 'roe(buck)' (from the Hitt.-Hurr. bilingua, Puhvel 1991)
Tokharian: A, B yäl 'gazelle' (Adams 485)
Armenian: eɫn, gen. eɫin `Hirschkuh'
Old Greek: elló-s `Hirschkalb'
Slavic: *elenь, gen. *-e `Hirsch'; *lānь
Celtic: Gaul Elembiu Monatsname = Greek Elaphēboliṓn; *elǝ n-tī > OIr elit `Reh'; Cymr elain f. `Hirschkuh'; Gael lon `Elentier'
Russ. meaning: скот (олень)
References: WP I 154 f
Proto-IE: *(e)lent-
Meaning: a tree with soft or flexible wood (larch, lime, liana); soft, flexible
Old Indian: latā `creeper, creeping plant'
Old Greek: elátǟ f. `Fichte, Tanne'
Latin: lentus, -a `biegsam, gуschmiedig; zähe; langsam, träge'
Russ. meaning: дерево (с мягкой или гибкой древесиной - пихта, липа, лиана); мягкий, гибкий
Proto-IE: *(e)leudh-
Meaning: to come
Tokharian: A, B lut- 'drive out, expel' (Adams 557)
Old Greek: ft. eléu̯somai̯, aor. ḗlüthon, pf. hom. ẹ̄lḗlou̯tha, elūlou̯thṓs, nachhom. elḗlüka, pl. elḗlümen, kyren. ptz. kat-elēleuathüi̯ `kommen, gehen', act. (dor.) eleusíō `óisō' (Hsch.), aor. (Ibyk.) eléu̯sān, gortyn. ep-eleu̯sei, ep-eleu̯sai̯ `bringen'; éleu̯si-s f. `Ankunft'; ép-ēlüs, -üdos `fremd', né-ēlüs, -dos `neuangekommen'; ḗlüsi-s f. `Gang, Weg' (ē- nach den Komposita)
Celtic: *lud- etc. > OIr 1 sg. lod, 3 sg. luid, dolluid `ging', 1 pl. -lodmar, 3 pl. lotar; imluadi `setz in Bewegung', forluadi `schwenkt', luaid- `bewegen, erwähnen, äussern'
Russ. meaning: приходить
References: WP II 416 f
Proto-IE: *(e)lewǝdh-
Meaning: man, people
Old Greek: eléu̯thero- `frei', eléu̯thero-s m. `freier Mann'
Latin: līberī pl., gen. -um/-ōrum m. `die Kinder'; līber, -era `frei; frei von Leistungen und Zwang', OLat loebertātem `lībertātem'
Other Italic: Falisc loifirtato `Lībertātum ~ Lībertātis', lōferta, loifirta `līberta', Osk <l>úvfríkúnúss `līberigenōs', Paelign loufir `līber'
Russ. meaning: человек, люди (наши)
Proto-IE: *elk'-
Meaning: abscess, boil
Old Indian: árśas- n. `piles, hemorrhoids'
Old Greek: hélkos n. `Wunde, Geschwür'; hélkano-n `wound' Hsch.
Latin: ulcus, -eris n. `Geschwür'
Russ. meaning: нарыв
Proto-IE: *el-, *ol-
Meaning: pron. dem.
Old Indian: {par āri 'im drittletzten Jahre'}
Latin: ille usw.; uls, ultis 'jenseits', ulter 'jenseitig'; OLat ollus 'ille', ollī 'tunc', ollīc 'illic', ōlim 'einst'; gl. litana "vetusta", olitinata "veterata, antiqua"
Other Italic: Osk últiumam 'ultimam'; Umbr ulo, ulu 'illo, illuc'
Celtic: OIr oll 'amplus', adv. ind-oll 'ultra', ol-chene 'ausserdem sonst', ol-ḟoirbthe 'plusquamperfectum', oldāu, oldaas 'als ich, als er', inill 'sicher' usw.
Russ. meaning: тот
References: WP I 84 f
Comments: Cf. *al- 'other'.
Proto-IE: *em- <PIH *e->
Meaning: to take
Hittite: w-emija- (wimija-, umija-) 'finden, treffen' (Friedrich 252)
Latin: emo, -ere, ēmī, emptum `nehmen; kaufen'
Other Italic: Osk pertemest `perimet', pertemust `peremerit', peremust `perceperit', pertumúm `perimere'; Umbr emantu(r) `acci[piantur', emps `emptus'
Celtic: OIr ar-fo-emat `sie nehmen', air-i-tiu `acceptio', do-eim `schützt'
Russ. meaning: взять
Proto-IE: *embh-
Meaning: cloud, stream, foam
Old Indian: abhrá- m. n. `cloud, rainy weather; sky, atmosphere'; ámbhas- n. `water', ámbu n. id.
Avestan: awra- n. 'Wolke'
Other Iranian: MPers namb, nam 'feucht; Feuchtigkeit'
Old Greek: aphró-s m. `Schaum, Geifer'
Latin: nimbus, -ī m. `Sturzregen, Platzregen; Sturm-, Regenwolke'
Celtic: Gaul inter ambes `inter rivos', ambe `rivō'; OBrit Amboglanna `Uferdes Stromes'
Russ. meaning: туча, поток, пена
References: WP I 131 f
Proto-IE: *embr-
Meaning: rain
Old Greek: ómbro-s m. `Regen, Regenguss, Gewitterregen; Regenwasser'
Latin: imber, -bris m. `Regen, Regenguss, Platzregen; Regenwasser'
Russ. meaning: дождь
References: Frisk
Proto-IE: *(e)me-, *(e)me-n-
Meaning: pron. pers. 1 sg
Hittite: ammuk 'mir, mich', -mi 'mein', -mu 'mir, mich', pal. -mu 'mir. mich', luw. -mu id., lyd. amu 'ich, mir', lyk. amu 'ich', emu / ẽmu 'mir' (Tischler 23, Friedrich 141, 144)
Tokharian: *mene- > *mñä- > ñä-, A nä-ṣ (m.), ñ-uk (f.), B ñ-aś (Adams 265)
Old Indian: mā encl.; mām; mé, me; mama; mahya(m) 'me'
Avestan: mā encl., o. mąm; mē, gath. mōi; mana; mā- 'mein'
Other Iranian: OPers gen. maiy; manā
Old Greek: emé, me, emége; moi̯, emói̯; emó-
Germanic: *mi-ki
Latin: mē(d), mī (OLat gen. mīs); mihi
Other Italic: Umbr mehe
Celtic: OIr me-sse, mē (< *mĕ), Cymr mi, Ir -m- inf., suff.; Cymr myn-, meu-
Albanian: mua; im, geg iem 'mein'
Russ. meaning: 1 ед.
Proto-IE: *(e)mey-
Meaning: small, little
Hittite: ammijant- 'klein' (Tischler 22 basically without etymology)
Tokharian: A, B mi- 'hurt, harm (grievously)' (Adams 460)
Old Indian: minoti, minā́ti, mīnāti, pass. mī́yate, mīyáte, ptc. mīta- (in pra-mīta-) `to lessen, diminish, destroy'; manyu-mī- `destroying hostile fury'
Old Greek: minǘthō `geringer werden, dahinschwinden', minǘ-zdēo- = oligóbios Hsch., minǘ-ōro-, minü-ṓrio- `kurze Zeit lebend', adv. mínüntha `eine kleine Weile, nur kurze Zeit'; comp. méi̯ōn, n. mêi̯on `kleiner', mêi̯o-n n. `Kleinvieh (Schaf, Lamm), das an den Apaturien geopfert wurde'
Latin: minor, -ōris, n. minus `kleiner, geringer', pl. `kleine Leute; Nachkommen'; adv. minus `weniger'; minimus, -a `der kleinste', minister, -trī m. `Diener', minuō, -ere `verkleinern, verringern, minden, schmälern'; adv. nimis `allzusehr', nimius, -a `übermässig unmässig, zu gross'; permitiēs, -ēī f. `Verderben'
Other Italic: Osk menvum `minuere', min<s> `minus', minive `minōre'
Celtic: *min- > Corn minow `verkleinern, mindern', MBret mynhuigenn `mie de pain', Bret minvik `mie de pain'
Russ. meaning: маленький
Comments: Note a very frequent -n-suffixation in this root (suggesting that *mein- could be its original shape, with subsequent reanalyses).
Proto-IE: *(e)meyǝ-
Meaning: to change
Hittite: immija- (I) 'mischen' (Tischler 356-357)
Tokharian: B mi- 'befool, deceive'; ? B mäsk- 'exchange' (Adams 459, 460)
Old Indian: mayate `to exchange, barter', ni-maya- m. `barter, change, exchange'; mení- f. `wrath, vengeance'
Avestan: maēni- `Strafe, Bestrafung'
Latin: mūnis, -e `dienstfertig', commūnis, -e (OLat comoine[m]) `gemeinsam, gemeinschaftlich, allgemein', immūnis, -e `frei von Leistungen, abgabenfrei, undienstfertig, ledigt'; pl. mūnia (OLat moenia) `Leistungen, Pflichten, Berufgeschäfte', mūniceps `Bürger einer Kleinstadt', mūnus, -eris n. (OLat moenus) `Leistung als Aufgabe, Amt, Wirkungskreis, Dienst'
Other Italic: Osk nom. sg. f. múíníkú `communis', múínikad `communi', Umbr muneklu `munus, sportulam'
Celtic: *moin- > OIr mōin, māin `Kostbarkeit, Schatz', dag-mōini `gute Gaben, Wohltaten'
Russ. meaning: менять, давать в замен
Comments: Cf. 2146
Proto-IE: *en
Meaning: prep./adv.
Hittite: andan 'darin, dazwischen' (Tischler 33-34)
Tokharian: A ane, B eneṃ (PT *ene-) 'within' (adv.) (Adams 83); y(n)- (pref.) 'in, among' (516)
Old Indian: ánīka- m.n. 'face' < *eni-(o)kʷ-; ni- `in, into, within'
Avestan: ainika- `Angesicht' < *eni-(o)kʷ-; *ni- in ni-zonta 'eingeboren, ingenuus' ( = OInd. ni-ja-)
Armenian: i (vor Vokal y); n- 'in'
Old Greek: en, poet éni, ení 'in', *ens (ẹ̄s), énte 'bis'
Germanic: Got usw. in < *eni
Latin: in
Other Italic: Osk en, -en, Umbr en-dendu 'intendito'; -em, -e
Celtic: OIr in- 'in', in- (lenierend < eni: ingen < Ogam ini-gena 'Tochter'), OCymr, OBret en, in 'in', Corn, Bret en, NCymr (in Zs.) yn-, Gaul esseda < *en-sedā, em-brekton
Albanian: iń 'bis'
Russ. meaning: в
References: WP I 125 f
Comments: + *(e)nero- 'innerlich', *enter, *nter 'zwischen-hinein', *entero- 'innerlich', *entos '(von) innen' and *ent-er- 'intestines, entrails'.
Proto-IE: *enedh-
Meaning: to go, to walk
Old Indian: ádhvan- m. `road, way, journey'; Pali andhati `geht'
Avestan: advan- m. `Weg, Pfad, Bahn'
Old Greek: dor., delph., ark. aor. enthẹ̄̂n, enthṓn `kommen, gehen'; pf. anḗnothen, enḗnothen, ep. kat-enḗnothen, par-enḗnothe `emporquellen; sich über etwas hingiessen, ausbreiten; herabwallen'
Russ. meaning: ходить
References: WP I 130
Proto-IE: *(e)nek'-
Meaning: to bear
Hittite: ninink- `heben, hochnehmen'
Tokharian: A ents-, B enk- `nehmen, fassen' (PT *enk-, *enk-s-) (Adams 77-78)
Old Greek: aor. pass. ēnékhthēn `wurde getragen', pf. katḗnoka (Hsch.), enḗnokha, med. enḗnegmai̯, aor. enenkẹ̄̂n `tragen'; óŋko-s m. `Masse, Last, Gewicht; Würde, Stolz, Prahlerei'
Russ. meaning: нести
References: WP I 128 f
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