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Indo-European etymology : Search within this database Total of 3178 records 159 pages
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Proto-IE: *geld-
Meaning: swelling
Old Indian: gaḍu- m. `excrescence on the neck, hump on the back' guḍa- m., guḍaka- m. `globe, ball'
Russ. meaning: вздутие
References: WP I 612 f
Comments: Cf. *g(ʷ)AlVw- 'top, head', *gal- / -e- 'swelling'.
Proto-IE: *gelǝ-
Meaning: cold
Old Greek: gelandrón = psükhón Hsch.
Slavic: *želdь
Latin: gelū, -ūs n.; gelus, -ūs m.; gelum, -ī n. `Eiskälte, Frost, Eis', gelidus, -a `eisig, vereist; eiskalt; frostig, starr'; gelāre `gefrieren machen, fegrieren (auch unpers.)'
Other Italic: Osk gelan = pákhnēn Steph. Byz.
Russ. meaning: холодный
Proto-IE: *gelg'-
Meaning: grain, seed
Old Indian: gr̥ñja- m. `name of a plant', gr̥ñjana- m. `a k. of onion or garlic of a small red variety (prohibited as food)'
Old Greek: gélgīs, -īthos / -īdos, pl. gélgẹ̄s `Knoblauchkopf, seine Zehen'
Russ. meaning: зернышко, семечко
References: WP I 612 f
Proto-IE: *g(')elt-
Meaning: womb
Old Indian: jarta- m. (L.), jartu- m. `vulva'
Russ. meaning: матка
References: WP I 612 f
Proto-IE: *g'ene-, *g'nē-/*g'nā-
Meaning: to give birth, to be born
Hittite: genzu-, ginzu- n. 'Schoss; Geschlechtsteile; Liebe, Zuneigung' (Tischler 555 ff)
Tokharian: A, B kän- (PT *kän-) 'come to pass, be realized' (Adams 160)
Old Indian: jánati, jajanti, aor. ájījanat, pf. jajā́na, jajñúḥ, pass. jā́yate, ptc. jātá- `to generate, beget; to be born'; jāti- f. `birth, production'; janítra- n. `birthplace, origin'; jantú- m. `child, offspring; creature'; ján(i)man- n. `birth, origin, generation'; janitár- m. `progenitor, father', jánitrī f. `mother'; jánas n. `race, class of beings'; jána- m. `creature, man, person'; janús- m.n., (L.) janu-, janū- f. `birth, production'; jñātí- m. `near relation, kinsman'
Avestan: zīzǝnti, zīzanǝnti `sie gebären', conj. zīzanatt_ `sie soll gebären'; zānaite `sie werden geboren' (*gn̥̄-nā́-mi); zayeite `wird geboren'; zāta- `geboren'; fra-zanti- `Nachkommenschaft'; ząɵa- n. `Geburt, Entstehung', ząɵra- n. `Geburt', zantu- `Landkreis, Gau', ft. ptc. ząhyamna-; zana- `Volk, Menschrasse'; ā-zna- `angeboren, natürlich'
Other Iranian: NPers zāyad 'wird geboren'
Armenian: cnanim `werde geboren; erzeuge, gebäre'; cnauɫ `Erzeuger, Vater'; cin `Geburt, Ursprung'
Old Greek: gígnomai̯ (ion. gī́nomai̯, thess., böot. gínumai̯), aor. egénonto, genésthai̯, tr. gẹ̄́nasthai̯, gẹ̄nómetha, -meno-, égento ; pf. gégona, gégamen, gegaṓs `geboren werde, werden, entstehen'; genetǟ́ f. `Geburt'; genetḗr, genétōr m. `Erzeuger'; génos n. `Geschlecht, Abschtammung, Familei, Gattung'; geneǟ́ f. `Geschlecht, Nachkommenschaft'; góno-s, gonǟ́ f. `Erzeugung, Nachkommenschaft, Geschlecht, Same'; genéthlǟ f., génethlo-n n. `Geschlecht, Nachkommenschaft'; génesi-s f. `Geburt, Ursprung'; génna f. `Geburt, Herkunft, Geschlecht, Nachkommenschaft', genétǟ-s m. `Erzeuger; Sohn' || gnḗsio- `von echter Abkunft, echtbürtig', kasí-gnēto-s `Bruder', neo-gnó- `neugeboren'; homó-gnio- `von gleicher Abstammung'; gnōtó-s m. `Verwandter, Bruder', gnōtǟ́ f. `Verwandte, Schwester'
Latin: genō (OLat), gignō, -ere, genuī, genitum `erzeugen, hervorbringen'; genitor, -ōris m. `Erzeuger, Vater'; genius, -ī m. `der Schutzgeist (des Mannes); die im Manne verkörperte Kraft, Energie, Genussfähigkeit'; genetīvus `angeboren'; gēns, -tis f. `Geschlechtsverband, Sippe'; germen, -inis n. `Keim, Spross, Zweig'; genimen n. `Gewächs'; genus, -eris n. `Geschlecht, Abstammung, Gattung, Art und Weise'; aliēnigena m.,f. `ausländisch', indigena m.,f. `einheimisch, eingeboren'; -genus (caprigenus, terrigenus etc.); malignus, benignus, prīvignus; pl. bignae `geminae'; prōgeniēs, -ēī f. `Abstammung, Nachkommenschaft'; genuīnus `angeboren, angestammt'; ingenuus, -a `eingeboren, heimisch'; nāscor, -ī, nātus `geboren werden, entstehen, wachsen'; agnāscī, agnātus, cognātus, prōgnātus, regnātus; (g)nātus, -a `geboren'; nātus, -ūs m. `Geburt'; nātūra f. `Geburt, Geborensein; angeborene Beschaffenheit; Natur'
Other Italic: Osk Genetaí `Genetrici'; Paelign. cnatois `nātīs'; Umbr natine `natiōne, gente';
Celtic: OIr conj. genathar, ind. -gainethar `der geboren wird'; conj. gignithir `er werde geboren', ft. gignud, no-chon-gignethair; pf. ro-gēnar `natus sum'; ai-cned `Natur'; ingen, ogam. inigena `Mädchen'; ogam. Coima-gni, ir. Coim-ān; gein `Geburt'; Ir gnīu `ich mache, tue'; Gaul Ari-, Cintu-gnātus; Albe-gnia; Cymr geni `geboren werden'; Bret genel `gebären'
Russ. meaning: рождать(ся)
Proto-IE: *genǝbh-
Meaning: pointed peg
Armenian: ? kanth, gen. -i `Handhabe, Stiel'
Old Greek: gómpho-s m. `(hölzerner) Pflock, Nagel'
Russ. meaning: острый колышек
Comments: Cf. *g'ombh-.
Proto-IE: *g'enǝ-, *g'nō-
Meaning: to know
Hittite: kanes- (I) 'erkennen, anerkennen' (Tischler 478ff)
Tokharian: A āknats, B aknātsa 'foolish, stupid; fool' (Adams 3); A knān- 'know', B nān- 'appear, be presented; show' (PT *knān-) (Adams 333)
Old Indian: jānā́ti, pf. jajñau, ptc. jñātá- `to know, apprehend'; OInd jñātár- `knower, witness'
Avestan: paiti-zānǝnti `sie nehmen jemands an', them. 2 pl. paiti-zānanta `ihr erkennt an, nehmt auf'; zanā-t_, zanąn `unterscheidet, erkennt'; paiti-zanta- `anerkannt', znātar- `Kenner'
Other Iranian: OPers ipf. 3 sg. a-dānāḥ `er wusste'; Pashto pē-ẓ̌anī `unterscheidet, erkennt'; OPers conj. prs. xšnāsātiy `sie sollen merken'
Armenian: canauth `bekannt', aor. caneay `ich erkannte', an-can `unbekannt'
Old Greek: gignṓskō (ion. gīnṓskō), epidaur. gnōskō, aor. gnō̂nai̯, pf. égnōka, va. gnōtó- `erkennen, kennenlernen'; a-gnṓs, -ō̂tos `unbekannt'; agnoéō `weiss nicht', gnō̂si-s f. `Erkenntnis, Einsicht'; gnō̂ma n. `Kennzeichen, Ansicht'; gnṓmǟ `Erkennung, Gedanke, Ansicht'; gnṓmōn m. (/f.) `Kenner, Beurteiler'; gnṓrimo- `erkennbar, bekannt, nobilis'; agnói̯ǟ, att. ágnoi̯a `Unwissenheit'; pf. gégōna `sich (beim Rufen) vernehmlich machen, zu erkennen geben, verkünden'
Latin: nōsco (gnōsco) `erkenne', ignōsco `habe ein Eisehehen, verzeihe'; pf. nōvī; nōtus `bekannt', ignōtus`unbekannt'; nota f. `Kennzeichen, Merkmal; Buchstabenzeichen, Schrift, Kurzschrift; Note; Zeichen in Büchern, auf Gefässen etc.; Mutter-, Brandmal; Sorte, Qualität; Anmerkung, Schandfleck, Beschimpfung'; nōtio; nōtor; norma `Winkelmass, Richtschnur, Vorschrift, Regel'; (g)nōbilis `kennbar, bekannt; vornehm, edel'; gnārus `eine Sache kundig', ignārus `unkundig', nārrāre `zu Wissen machen, künden'; nāvus `regsam, rührig, betriebsam', ignāvus `ohne Tatkraft'
Other Italic: Umbr naratu `narrato', naraklum `nuntiatio'
Celtic: OIr itar-gninim, asa-gninaim `sapio', fut. -gēna, pf. ad-gēn-sa `cognovi, cognosco'; gnāth `gewohnt, bekannt'; ignad `fremd'; MIr gnō `ausgezeichnet'; Ir gnō `business, affairs'; Cymr gnawd `Gewohnheit'; g0-gnaw `activity, active'; OBret inschr. Bodo-cnous; MBret gnou `manifeste, évident'
Albanian: ńoh `ich kenne', 2, 3 sg. ńeh
Russ. meaning: знать
Proto-IE: *g'enǝw-, *g'n[ā](w)- (IndoIr *g'h-)
Meaning: jaw
Old Indian: hánu- f. `jaw'
Armenian: cnaut `Kinnbacke, Wange'
Old Greek: génü-s, -üos f. `Kinn, Kinnbacke', gnátho-s m., gnathmó-s m. `Kinnbacken, Backen'
Latin: genuīnus (dēns) `Backenzahn', gena f. `Wange'
Celtic: pl. *geneu̯-es > OIr gin, giun `Mund'; Cymr gen `Wange, Kinn', OCymr genou, NCymr, Corn genau `Mund'
Russ. meaning: челюсть
Proto-IE: *gengh-
Meaning: bend, skein; to tie together, to wind
Russ. meaning: изгиб, моток; связывать, свивать
Proto-IE: *g'enw-, *g'new-
Meaning: knee
Hittite: genu- / ganu- n. 'Knie', genussa-/i- 'Kniegelenk' (Tischler 552 f)
Tokharian: A kanwem, B keni (dual.) 'knee' (PT *kenwäi) (Adams 193)
Old Indian: jā́nu n. `knee', in compounds jñu-bādh-, abhi-jñú-, pra-jñu-
Avestan: žnūm, dat.-abl. pl. žnubyō 'Knie'
Other Iranian: MPers zānūk, NPers zānū 'Knie'
Armenian: cunr, pl. cunk-kh, gen. cng-ach
Old Greek: gónü, att. gónatos, ep., ion. gọ̄́natos n. `Knie; Glieder, Knoten an den Halmen', ignǘǟ f., *ignǘs (ignǘsi, ignǘōn, -ǘn) `Kniekehle', gnǘks `knielings'
Latin: genū, -ūs `Knie'
Russ. meaning: колено
Proto-IE: *ger-
Meaning: to weave
Old Indian: guṇá- m. `a single thread or strand of a cord or twine, string, rope'; jaṭā f. `hair twisted together; fibrous root'; jāla- n. `net, snare, cob-web, any woven texture'; gala- `reed, rope of reed (L.)'; gárta- m. `high seat, throne'
Russ. meaning: плести
References: WP I 593 f
Proto-IE: *g'era-, *g'rā-
Meaning: grown-up, old; to mature, to grow old
Hittite: karu (Adv.) 'früher', karuili- 'früherer, ehemalig, uralt' (Tischler 526 f)
Tokharian: A, B kwär- ~ kur- (PT *kwär-) 'age, grow old' (Adams 236); B śrāñ (pl.) 'old (of people)?' (644)
Old Indian: járati `to make old or decrepit, cause to grow old', jīryati, jūryati `to grow old, become decrepit', ptc. jīrṇá-, jūrṇá-; jaraṇá- `old, decayed'; jarás- f., jarā́ f. `decay, old age'; jā́ra- `becoming old'
Avestan: azarǝṣant- `nicht alternd', azarǝma- `nicht abnehmend', zairina- `aufreibend, erschlaffend', zarǝta- `altersschwach'; zaurvan- m. `Greisenalter, Altersschwäche', zaurura- `altersschwach, gebrechlich'
Armenian: cer `alt, Greiss'
Old Greek: gérōn, -ontos m. `Greis', géras, -aos/-ōs n. `Ehre, Ehrengabe, Belohnung', gerai̯ó- `alt'; gē̂ras, -aos/-ōs n. `Alter'; gēráskō, inf. gēránai̯, aor. egḗrǟ, inf. gēránai̯/-ā̂nai̯, ptc. gērā́s; egḗrasa; att. grâu̯-s, gen. grǟós, ep., ion. hom. grǟǘ-s, grǟ̂u-s f. `alte Frau'
Russ. meaning: взрослый, старый; взрослеть, стареть
References: WP I 599 f
Proto-IE: *geran-, *geraw-; *grū-
Meaning: crane
Old Greek: gérano-s f. (m.) `Kranich'; gérēn f. (fem. of géranos) Ael.Dion.Fr.1 04; Hsch.
Latin: grūs, gen. gruis f. `Kranich'
Celtic: Cymr, Corn, Bret garan `Kranich'
Russ. meaning: птица (журавль)
Proto-IE: *gerbh-, *grebh-
Meaning: to scratch, to make cuts, notches
Old Greek: lakon. griphā̂sthai = gráphein, hoi dè ksǘein kài amǘssein Hsch.; griphṓmena (Hp., Erot.); gráphō (Melos gróphō), aor. grápsai̯ `einritzen, schreiben', hom. pl. graptǘes f. `Kratzer', graphǟ́ `Ritzung, Gemälde, Schrift etc.', pl. gráphea n. `Schreibzeichen etc.', grammǟ́ `Linie, Start- und Ziellinie', grámma n. pl. `Schreibzeichen etc.', ark. grassma (*graphsmā), arg. pl. gráthmata, aeol. gróppata; grammó-s `das Schreibung (als Handlung)', graptḗr `Schreiber', graphís f. `Griffel'
Russ. meaning: царапать, делать насечки
Proto-IE: *gerǝs-
Meaning: branches, bushes; wicker-ware
Armenian: carr `Baum', pl. `Gestrüpp' [if not < Urart.]
Old Greek: gérro-n n. Bez. verschiedener aus Flechtwerk gemachter Gegenstände (Schild, Schildträger, Umzäunung)'
Russ. meaning: ветки, кусты; плетенка
Proto-IE: *g'eub-
Meaning: palm, hollow of the hand
Russ. meaning: ладонь, горсть
Proto-IE: *geud-, *gūd-
Meaning: guts, intestines
Old Indian: gudá- m. `intestine, entrail, rectum, anus'
Russ. meaning: кишки
References: WP I 555 f
Proto-IE: *geugh-
Meaning: swelling
Russ. meaning: вздутие (шишка, округлость etc.)
References: WP I 555 f
Proto-IE: *geup-, *gūp-
Meaning: cave, den, dug-out, mines
Old Greek: gǖ́pǟ 'vulture's nest' Hsch., = koílōma gē̂s, thalámē, gōnía Hsch.
Russ. meaning: пещера, копь, нора, землянка
References: WP I 555 f
Proto-IE: *g'eus-
Meaning: to choose
Old Indian: jóṣati, juṣáte `to be pleased, satisfied, to like, delight in', jóṣa- m. `satisfaction, approval, pleasure'
Avestan: zaoš- `Geschmack woran finden', zaoša- `Gefallen', zušta- `beliebt, erwünscht
Other Iranian: OPers dauš- `Geschmack woran finden'
Old Greek: géu̯omai̯, aor. géu̯sasthai̯, pf. gégeu̯mai̯ `kosten', géu̯ō, aor. gêu̯sai̯ `kosten lassen'
Latin: dēgūnō, -ere `degustare' ; gustāre `kosten, nehmen einen Imbiss ein; geniessen, schmecken, kenenlernen', gustus, -ūs m., gustum, -ī n. `Schmecken, Geniessen, Geschmack; Vorschmack, Probe; Geschmacksinn'
Celtic: OIr asa-gū `er wünsche, ad-gusi, asa-gusi `er wünscht', do-goa `er wählt', inf. to-gu `wählen, Wahl', graet do-rōi-gu `elegit'
Albanian: deša `ich liebte'
Russ. meaning: выбирать по вкусу
piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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