Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *g'ene-, *g'nē-/*g'nā-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to give birth, to be born

Hittite: genzu-, ginzu- n. 'Schoss; Geschlechtsteile; Liebe, Zuneigung' (Tischler 555 ff)

Tokharian: A, B kän- (PT *kän-) 'come to pass, be realized' (Adams 160)

Old Indian: jánati, jajanti, aor. ájījanat, pf. jajā́na, jajñúḥ, pass. jā́yate, ptc. jātá- `to generate, beget; to be born'; jāti- f. `birth, production'; janítra- n. `birthplace, origin'; jantú- m. `child, offspring; creature'; ján(i)man- n. `birth, origin, generation'; janitár- m. `progenitor, father', jánitrī f. `mother'; jánas n. `race, class of beings'; jána- m. `creature, man, person'; janús- m.n., (L.) janu-, janū- f. `birth, production'; jñātí- m. `near relation, kinsman'

Avestan: zīzǝnti, zīzanǝnti `sie gebären', conj. zīzanatt_ `sie soll gebären'; zānaite `sie werden geboren' (*gn̥̄-nā́-mi); zayeite `wird geboren'; zāta- `geboren'; fra-zanti- `Nachkommenschaft'; ząɵa- n. `Geburt, Entstehung', ząɵra- n. `Geburt', zantu- `Landkreis, Gau', ft. ptc. ząhyamna-; zana- `Volk, Menschrasse'; ā-zna- `angeboren, natürlich'

Other Iranian: NPers zāyad 'wird geboren'

Armenian: cnanim `werde geboren; erzeuge, gebäre'; cnauɫ `Erzeuger, Vater'; cin `Geburt, Ursprung'

Old Greek: gígnomai̯ (ion. gī́nomai̯, thess., böot. gínumai̯), aor. egénonto, genésthai̯, tr. gẹ̄́nasthai̯, gẹ̄nómetha, -meno-, égento ; pf. gégona, gégamen, gegaṓs `geboren werde, werden, entstehen'; genetǟ́ f. `Geburt'; genetḗr, genétōr m. `Erzeuger'; génos n. `Geschlecht, Abschtammung, Familei, Gattung'; geneǟ́ f. `Geschlecht, Nachkommenschaft'; góno-s, gonǟ́ f. `Erzeugung, Nachkommenschaft, Geschlecht, Same'; genéthlǟ f., génethlo-n n. `Geschlecht, Nachkommenschaft'; génesi-s f. `Geburt, Ursprung'; génna f. `Geburt, Herkunft, Geschlecht, Nachkommenschaft', genétǟ-s m. `Erzeuger; Sohn' || gnḗsio- `von echter Abkunft, echtbürtig', kasí-gnēto-s `Bruder', neo-gnó- `neugeboren'; homó-gnio- `von gleicher Abstammung'; gnōtó-s m. `Verwandter, Bruder', gnōtǟ́ f. `Verwandte, Schwester'

Baltic: *ǯnō̂-t-a-, -ia- (1) m.

Germanic: *kun-d-í- c., *kun-d-á-/kún-ɵ-a- adj., *kun-d-á- m., *kin-d-á- n., *kun-ja- n., *kun-jō f., *kun-ing-a- m., *kun-a- m., *kun-d-iá- n.; *kan-ja- vb., *knō-d-í- c.

Latin: genō (OLat), gignō, -ere, genuī, genitum `erzeugen, hervorbringen'; genitor, -ōris m. `Erzeuger, Vater'; genius, -ī m. `der Schutzgeist (des Mannes); die im Manne verkörperte Kraft, Energie, Genussfähigkeit'; genetīvus `angeboren'; gēns, -tis f. `Geschlechtsverband, Sippe'; germen, -inis n. `Keim, Spross, Zweig'; genimen n. `Gewächs'; genus, -eris n. `Geschlecht, Abstammung, Gattung, Art und Weise'; aliēnigena m.,f. `ausländisch', indigena m.,f. `einheimisch, eingeboren'; -genus (caprigenus, terrigenus etc.); malignus, benignus, prīvignus; pl. bignae `geminae'; prōgeniēs, -ēī f. `Abstammung, Nachkommenschaft'; genuīnus `angeboren, angestammt'; ingenuus, -a `eingeboren, heimisch'; nāscor, -ī, nātus `geboren werden, entstehen, wachsen'; agnāscī, agnātus, cognātus, prōgnātus, regnātus; (g)nātus, -a `geboren'; nātus, -ūs m. `Geburt'; nātūra f. `Geburt, Geborensein; angeborene Beschaffenheit; Natur'

Other Italic: Osk Genetaí `Genetrici'; Paelign. cnatois `nātīs'; Umbr natine `natiōne, gente';

Celtic: OIr conj. genathar, ind. -gainethar `der geboren wird'; conj. gignithir `er werde geboren', ft. gignud, no-chon-gignethair; pf. ro-gēnar `natus sum'; ai-cned `Natur'; ingen, ogam. inigena `Mädchen'; ogam. Coima-gni, ir. Coim-ān; gein `Geburt'; Ir gnīu `ich mache, tue'; Gaul Ari-, Cintu-gnātus; Albe-gnia; Cymr geni `geboren werden'; Bret genel `gebären'

Russ. meaning: рождать(ся)

References: WP I 576 f

Proto-IE: *genǝbh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: pointed peg

Armenian: ? kanth, gen. -i `Handhabe, Stiel'

Old Greek: gómpho-s m. `(hölzerner) Pflock, Nagel'

Baltic: *gem̂b-iā̃ (1) f.

Germanic: *kimb=, *kamb-il-a- m., *kumb-a- m., *kump=; *knab-il-a- m.

Russ. meaning: острый колышек

References: WP I 585, Buck 89.

Comments: Cf. *g'ombh-.

Proto-IE: *g'enǝ-, *g'nō-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to know

Hittite: kanes- (I) 'erkennen, anerkennen' (Tischler 478ff)

Tokharian: A āknats, B aknātsa 'foolish, stupid; fool' (Adams 3); A knān- 'know', B nān- 'appear, be presented; show' (PT *knān-) (Adams 333)

Old Indian: jānā́ti, pf. jajñau, ptc. jñātá- `to know, apprehend'; OInd jñātár- `knower, witness'

Avestan: paiti-zānǝnti `sie nehmen jemands an', them. 2 pl. paiti-zānanta `ihr erkennt an, nehmt auf'; zanā-t_, zanąn `unterscheidet, erkennt'; paiti-zanta- `anerkannt', znātar- `Kenner'

Other Iranian: OPers ipf. 3 sg. a-dānāḥ `er wusste'; Pashto pē-ẓ̌anī `unterscheidet, erkennt'; OPers conj. prs. xšnāsātiy `sie sollen merken'

Armenian: canauth `bekannt', aor. caneay `ich erkannte', an-can `unbekannt'

Old Greek: gignṓskō (ion. gīnṓskō), epidaur. gnōskō, aor. gnō̂nai̯, pf. égnōka, va. gnōtó- `erkennen, kennenlernen'; a-gnṓs, -ō̂tos `unbekannt'; agnoéō `weiss nicht', gnō̂si-s f. `Erkenntnis, Einsicht'; gnō̂ma n. `Kennzeichen, Ansicht'; gnṓmǟ `Erkennung, Gedanke, Ansicht'; gnṓmōn m. (/f.) `Kenner, Beurteiler'; gnṓrimo- `erkennbar, bekannt, nobilis'; agnói̯ǟ, att. ágnoi̯a `Unwissenheit'; pf. gégōna `sich (beim Rufen) vernehmlich machen, zu erkennen geben, verkünden'

Slavic: *znā́tī, *znā́jǭ; -*znāvā́tī, -*znā̀jǭ; *znāmę̄; *znākъ

Baltic: *ǯen̂-tl-a- (/ *ǯeñ-tl-a-) (1) c., *ǯen̂-tl-in̂- (1) vb., *ǯin̂- (1) vb. tr./intr., *ǯin-ā̂vb., *ǯin-jā̂ f.

Germanic: *kunn-a- vb.; *kan-ja- vb.; *knḗ-w-a- adj.; *kōn-ia- adj., *kun-st-i- c., *kún-ɵ-a- adj., *kun-dī́(n-) f., etc.

Latin: nōsco (gnōsco) `erkenne', ignōsco `habe ein Eisehehen, verzeihe'; pf. nōvī; nōtus `bekannt', ignōtus`unbekannt'; nota f. `Kennzeichen, Merkmal; Buchstabenzeichen, Schrift, Kurzschrift; Note; Zeichen in Büchern, auf Gefässen etc.; Mutter-, Brandmal; Sorte, Qualität; Anmerkung, Schandfleck, Beschimpfung'; nōtio; nōtor; norma `Winkelmass, Richtschnur, Vorschrift, Regel'; (g)nōbilis `kennbar, bekannt; vornehm, edel'; gnārus `eine Sache kundig', ignārus `unkundig', nārrāre `zu Wissen machen, künden'; nāvus `regsam, rührig, betriebsam', ignāvus `ohne Tatkraft'

Other Italic: Umbr naratu `narrato', naraklum `nuntiatio'

Celtic: OIr itar-gninim, asa-gninaim `sapio', fut. -gēna, pf. ad-gēn-sa `cognovi, cognosco'; gnāth `gewohnt, bekannt'; ignad `fremd'; MIr gnō `ausgezeichnet'; Ir gnō `business, affairs'; Cymr gnawd `Gewohnheit'; g0-gnaw `activity, active'; OBret inschr. Bodo-cnous; MBret gnou `manifeste, évident'

Albanian: ńoh `ich kenne', 2, 3 sg. ńeh

Russ. meaning: знать

References: WP I 578 f

Proto-IE: *g'enǝw-, *g'n[ā](w)- (IndoIr *g'h-)

Meaning: jaw

Old Indian: hánu- f. `jaw'

Armenian: cnaut `Kinnbacke, Wange'

Old Greek: génü-s, -üos f. `Kinn, Kinnbacke', gnátho-s m., gnathmó-s m. `Kinnbacken, Backen'

Baltic: *ǯan̂-d-a- (2) c., *ǯan̂-d-sl-a- c.

Germanic: *kin-jō f., -ja- n., *kinn-u- c.

Latin: genuīnus (dēns) `Backenzahn', gena f. `Wange'

Celtic: pl. *geneu̯-es > OIr gin, giun `Mund'; Cymr gen `Wange, Kinn', OCymr genou, NCymr, Corn genau `Mund'

Russ. meaning: челюсть

References: WP I 587

Proto-IE: *gengh-

Meaning: bend, skein; to tie together, to wind

Slavic: *gǭžь, *gǭžī, gen. *gǭžьve

Germanic: *kank=; *king-ia- m., *kang=, *kang-ia- m., -ō f., etc.

Russ. meaning: изгиб, моток; связывать, свивать

References: WP I 587 f

Proto-IE: *g'enw-, *g'new-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: knee

Hittite: genu- / ganu- n. 'Knie', genussa-/i- 'Kniegelenk' (Tischler 552 f)

Tokharian: A kanwem, B keni (dual.) 'knee' (PT *kenwäi) (Adams 193)

Old Indian: jā́nu n. `knee', in compounds jñu-bādh-, abhi-jñú-, pra-jñu-

Avestan: žnūm, dat.-abl. pl. žnubyō 'Knie'

Other Iranian: MPers zānūk, NPers zānū 'Knie'

Armenian: cunr, pl. cunk-kh, gen. cng-ach

Old Greek: gónü, att. gónatos, ep., ion. gọ̄́natos n. `Knie; Glieder, Knoten an den Halmen', ignǘǟ f., *ignǘs (ignǘsi, ignǘōn, -ǘn) `Kniekehle', gnǘks `knielings'

Slavic: *zvēno ?

Germanic: *kniw-a- n., *kniw-ō f.

Latin: genū, -ūs `Knie'

Russ. meaning: колено

References: WP I 586 f

Proto-IE: *ger-

Meaning: to weave

Old Indian: guṇá- m. `a single thread or strand of a cord or twine, string, rope'; jaṭā f. `hair twisted together; fibrous root'; jāla- n. `net, snare, cob-web, any woven texture'; gala- `reed, rope of reed (L.)'; gárta- m. `high seat, throne'

Baltic: *geran̂k=, *garan̂k= (2); *gerg=, *gerk=

Germanic: *kar-m-a- m.

Russ. meaning: плести

References: WP I 593 f

Proto-IE: *g'era-, *g'rā-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: grown-up, old; to mature, to grow old

Hittite: karu (Adv.) 'früher', karuili- 'früherer, ehemalig, uralt' (Tischler 526 f)

Tokharian: A, B kwär- ~ kur- (PT *kwär-) 'age, grow old' (Adams 236); B śrāñ (pl.) 'old (of people)?' (644)

Old Indian: járati `to make old or decrepit, cause to grow old', jīryati, jūryati `to grow old, become decrepit', ptc. jīrṇá-, jūrṇá-; jaraṇá- `old, decayed'; jarás- f., jarā́ f. `decay, old age'; jā́ra- `becoming old'

Avestan: azarǝṣant- `nicht alternd', azarǝma- `nicht abnehmend', zairina- `aufreibend, erschlaffend', zarǝta- `altersschwach'; zaurvan- m. `Greisenalter, Altersschwäche', zaurura- `altersschwach, gebrechlich'

Armenian: cer `alt, Greiss'

Old Greek: gérōn, -ontos m. `Greis', géras, -aos/-ōs n. `Ehre, Ehrengabe, Belohnung', gerai̯ó- `alt'; gē̂ras, -aos/-ōs n. `Alter'; gēráskō, inf. gēránai̯, aor. egḗrǟ, inf. gēránai̯/-ā̂nai̯, ptc. gērā́s; egḗrasa; att. grâu̯-s, gen. grǟós, ep., ion. hom. grǟǘ-s, grǟ̂u-s f. `alte Frau'

Slavic: *zьrēti; *zorī́tī; -*zorъ

Germanic: *kir-Vl-a- m., *kar-il-a- m.

Russ. meaning: взрослый, старый; взрослеть, стареть

References: WP I 599 f

Proto-IE: *geran-, *geraw-; *grū-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: crane

Old Greek: gérano-s f. (m.) `Kranich'; gérēn f. (fem. of géranos) Ael.Dion.Fr.1 04; Hsch.

Slavic: *žervъ; *žerāvъ, *žerāvjь

Baltic: *gar̂n-ia- (2) m., *ger̂w-iā̃ (1) f.

Germanic: *kran-a- m., *kran-ō(n-) f., *kran-an- m., etc.

Latin: grūs, gen. gruis f. `Kranich'

Celtic: Cymr, Corn, Bret garan `Kranich'

Russ. meaning: птица (журавль)

References: WP I 592

Proto-IE: *gerbh-, *grebh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to scratch, to make cuts, notches

Old Greek: lakon. griphā̂sthai = gráphein, hoi dè ksǘein kài amǘssein Hsch.; griphṓmena (Hp., Erot.); gráphō (Melos gróphō), aor. grápsai̯ `einritzen, schreiben', hom. pl. graptǘes f. `Kratzer', graphǟ́ `Ritzung, Gemälde, Schrift etc.', pl. gráphea n. `Schreibzeichen etc.', grammǟ́ `Linie, Start- und Ziellinie', grámma n. pl. `Schreibzeichen etc.', ark. grassma (*graphsmā), arg. pl. gráthmata, aeol. gróppata; grammó-s `das Schreibung (als Handlung)', graptḗr `Schreiber', graphís f. `Griffel'

Slavic: *žerbъ, *žerbьjь

Baltic: *gir̃b-i[a]- n., ? *grīb-s-t-ā̂ f.

Germanic: *kirb-a- vb.; *kur[b]-i- adj.; *krib-Vl-ō- vb.; *krabb-ō- vb.

Russ. meaning: царапать, делать насечки

References: WP I 605 f

Proto-IE: *gerǝs-

Meaning: branches, bushes; wicker-ware

Armenian: carr `Baum', pl. `Gestrüpp' [if not < Urart.]

Old Greek: gérro-n n. Bez. verschiedener aus Flechtwerk gemachter Gegenstände (Schild, Schildträger, Umzäunung)'

Baltic: *gar̂s-ia- (1) c., *gar̂s-iā̃ (1) f.

Germanic: *kirz-á- n., *kirz-ú- c.; *kárs=; *kárs-iōn- f.

Russ. meaning: ветки, кусты; плетенка

References: WP I 609

Proto-IE: *g'eub-

Meaning: palm, hollow of the hand

Baltic: *žüp-s-n-ia- c., *žüp-s-t-ī̂- vb.

Germanic: *gaup-an-ō f., *gaup-ōn- f.; *gap-s-ōn- f., *gip-s-ōn- f.

Russ. meaning: ладонь, горсть

Proto-IE: *geud-, *gūd-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: guts, intestines

Old Indian: gudá- m. `intestine, entrail, rectum, anus'

Germanic: *kiut=, *kūt=

Russ. meaning: кишки

References: WP I 555 f

Proto-IE: *geugh-

Meaning: swelling

Slavic: *gūgā

Baltic: *gaũg-ar-a- c., *gug-ā̂, *gug-iā̃, *gug-in- vb.

Germanic: *kiuk-ōn- f., *kukk=; *kug-Vl=; ? *kugg=

Russ. meaning: вздутие (шишка, округлость etc.)

References: WP I 555 f

Proto-IE: *geup-, *gūp-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: cave, den, dug-out, mines

Old Greek: gǖ́pǟ 'vulture's nest' Hsch., = koílōma gē̂s, thalámē, gōnía Hsch.

Slavic: *žū́pā `соляная копь; могила; округ, семья, община'; *gъpnъ/*žūpānъ

Germanic: *kub-an- m.

Russ. meaning: пещера, копь, нора, землянка

References: WP I 555 f

Proto-IE: *g'eus-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to choose

Old Indian: jóṣati, juṣáte `to be pleased, satisfied, to like, delight in', jóṣa- m. `satisfaction, approval, pleasure'

Avestan: zaoš- `Geschmack woran finden', zaoša- `Gefallen', zušta- `beliebt, erwünscht

Other Iranian: OPers dauš- `Geschmack woran finden'

Old Greek: géu̯omai̯, aor. géu̯sasthai̯, pf. gégeu̯mai̯ `kosten', géu̯ō, aor. gêu̯sai̯ `kosten lassen'

Germanic: *kiús-a- vb.; *kuz-ṓ-, -ḗ- vb., *kuz-á- n., *kuz-já-vb.; *kus-t-u- c., *kus-t-i- c.

Latin: dēgūnō, -ere `degustare' ; gustāre `kosten, nehmen einen Imbiss ein; geniessen, schmecken, kenenlernen', gustus, -ūs m., gustum, -ī n. `Schmecken, Geniessen, Geschmack; Vorschmack, Probe; Geschmacksinn'

Celtic: OIr asa-gū `er wünsche, ad-gusi, asa-gusi `er wünscht', do-goa `er wählt', inf. to-gu `wählen, Wahl', graet do-rōi-gu `elegit'

Albanian: deša `ich liebte'

Russ. meaning: выбирать по вкусу

References: WP I 568 f

Proto-IE: *gewa-, *gwā-

Meaning: to go

Old Indian: jávate, -ti 'to press forwards, hurry on', javá- 'swift' [but most forms point to *g'-: junā́ti, ptc. jūtá- etc.]; puro-gavá- m. 'one who precedes, a leader', ádhri-gu- 'irresistible', vanar-gú- `moving about in woods', agre-gū́- 'moving forwards'

Avestan: java 'eile'

Old Greek: ? présbü̆-s, gen. -eōs/-eos m. 'old man', présba f. (only nom.) 'august, honoured'; présbis, gen. -eōs m. 'ambassador', f. 'age; aged woman; ambassadress'

Baltic: *gwā̂- vb.

Russ. meaning: идти

References: Fraenkel 180

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