Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *ghāum-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: gum (in mouth)

Baltic: *gā̂m-ur-a- (1) c., *gā̂m-ur-iā̃, -er-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *gōm-an- m.; *gōm-a- m.; *gaum-an- m.; *gium-an- m.; *gum-an- m.

Russ. meaning: десна

References: WP I 565 f

Proto-IE: *ghāw-

Meaning: incorrect, false

Tokharian: A keṃ, B ankaiṃ 'false' (PT *(ān)kāin < *ghāwāin?) (Adams 6-7)

Latin: haud `(eben, gerade) nicht'

Celtic: OIr gāu, gāo, gō `Unrichtiges, Lüge'; MCymr geu, NCymr gau, Corn gow `Falschheit, Lüge', Bret gaou `Lüge'

Russ. meaning: неверный, ложный

References: WP I 530

Proto-IE: *g(')hebh-

Meaning: blunt

Old Greek: kōphó- `stumpft, stumm; taub'

Latin: hebes, -etis, OLat (Enn.) acc. hebem `stumpf, abgestumpft (physisch und geisig), schwerfällig, dumm'

Russ. meaning: тупой

References: WH (criticized in Pok.)

Proto-IE: *g'hebhal-

Meaning: top, head

Tokharian: A śpāl 'head', B śpālu 'superior, excellent' (PT *śpāl) (Adams 642)

Old Greek: kephalǟ́ f. `Kopf, Haupt'

Germanic: *gibl-a- m., *gibl-i- c., -an- m.,, *gafl-a- m., etc.

Russ. meaning: вершина, голова

References: WP I 571

Proto-IE: *g'hed-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: anus; cacare

Hittite: Luw. katmarš-, Hitt. kamarš- 'mingere' oder besser 'cacare' (Tischler 473f)

Tokharian: B kenmer

Old Indian: hadati, hadate `to evacuate, discharge excrement'

Avestan: zaδah- m. `Steiss'

Armenian: ʒet (o-St.) `Schwanz (des Hundes, Fuchses, Löwen)'

Old Greek: khézdō, pf. -kékhoda, pass. ptc. kekhesméno-, aor. khésai̯, khesêi̯n `scheissen', müó-khodo-n `Mäusekot', khódano-s m. = hédra Hsch.

Slavic: ? *zādъ

Germanic: *gat-a- n.

Albanian: djes `scheisse'

Russ. meaning: anus; cacare

References: WP I 571 f

Proto-IE: *ghed-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to take, to seize

Old Greek: khandánō, aor. ékhadon, fut. khẹ̄́somai̯, pf. (prs. -Bed.) kékhonda, ep. ptc. acc. kekhandóta; eu-, eu̯rü-khandḗs, eu̯rü-khadḗs `geräumig'

Germanic: *git-a- vb., *gat-ja- vb.; *gēt-a- n., *gēt-ō- vb., *gēt-ia- vb.

Latin: prehendō, -ere, -ī, -sum `fassen, ergreifen', (später) prendō; praeda f. `KriegsbeuteBeute', praedō, -ōnis m. Rauber

Celtic: Cymr genni `contineri, comprendi, capi'

Albanian: ǵɛndem `werde gefunden'

Russ. meaning: брать, хватать

References: WP I 589 f

Proto-IE: *g'heidh-

Meaning: to wish, to wait

Slavic: *žьdā́tī, *žī̀dǭ

Baltic: *geĩd- vb. tr., *gaĩd-a- c., *gaĩd-ī̂- vb.

Germanic: *gīd=

Russ. meaning: желать, ждать

References: WP I 553

Proto-IE: *gheig(')h-

Meaning: to yawn, to long for, to desire

Old Indian: jéhamāna (ptc.) `to open the mouth, gape'

Germanic: *gīg-a- vb., *ging-ia- vb., *ging-ian- m.

Russ. meaning: разевать рот, желать

References: WP I 552

Proto-IE: *gheil-

Meaning: sharp

Slavic: *ʒēlo

Baltic: *gaĩl-a- c., *gaĩl-u- adj., *gaĩl- vb. intr.

Germanic: *gail-i- adj., *gī-l-ō- vb., *gi-l=

Celtic: ? Gael gaol `Liebe', MIr gāel `Verwandschaft'

Russ. meaning: острый, резкий usw.

References: WP I 634

Proto-IE: *g'heim-, *g'hyem-

Meaning: snow, frost, winter

Hittite: gim(a)- 'Winter' (Tischler 571)

Tokharian: A śärme, B śimpriye, śimpro (PT *śäm(ä)rāi-) 'winter' (Adams 630)

Old Indian: héman loc. adv. `in winter', hemantá- m. `winter'; himá- m. `cold, frost, snow', hímā f. `winter'

Avestan: zaēn- m., zǝmaka- m. 'Winterrsturm', zyɔ̄ (acc. zyąm, gen. zǝmō) 'Winter'

Other Iranian: NPers dai 'Winter' (< *gheimn̥)

Armenian: ʒiun, gen. ʒean `Schnee'

Old Greek: khéi̯ma n., khei̯mṓn, -ō̂nos m. `Winter; Winterwetter, Sturm'; dǘs-khimo- `stürmisch, schauerlich', khiṓn, -ónos f. `Schnee, Schneedecke, Schmelzschnee'; khímetlo-n `Frostbeule'

Slavic: *zīmā

Baltic: *ǯeĩm-ā̂ f., *ǯeĩm-ia- c.

Germanic: ? *guj-ōn- f.

Latin: bīmus, trīmus, quadrīmus `zwei, drei, vier Jahre (Winter) alt, sich auf zwei (drei, vier ) Jahre erstreckend'; hiems, hiemis f. `Winter; Sturm; Jahr'

Celtic: MIr gam `Winter' (по sam `Sommer'), gemred `id.'; OCymr gaem, NCymr gauaf, OCorn goyf, Bret goan̄v; Gaul EN Giamillus

Albanian: dímër, gen. dímri, pl. dímre m. `winter'

Russ. meaning: снег, холод, зима

References: WP I 546 f, Buck 69.

Proto-IE: *g'heip-

Meaning: to pant, to yawn

Slavic: *zīpātī (Czech zípati `keuchen', Pol zipać `schwer atmen')

Germanic: *gīp-a- vb., *gaip-ō- vb., *gīb-ō- vb., *gaif-r-a- m., *gaif-ō- vb.

Latin: hippācāre `est celeriter animam dūcere, ab equī hālitū quī est suprā modus acūtus', hippitāre `ōscitāre, badaclāre', exippitāre `hiāre, id est ōs aperīre'

Russ. meaning: тяжело дышать, зевать

References: WH

Proto-IE: *g'heis-

Meaning: to tremble (with fear)

Avestan: zaēša- `Schauderschaft', zōišnu- `zusammenschreckend, schaudernd, bebend (cor Frost)', zōiždišta- `der schauderhafteste, abscheulichste'

Germanic: *gīs-n-a- vb., *gais-ia- vb., *gais-t=, *gais-k=

Russ. meaning: дрожать от страха

References: WP I 553 f

Proto-IE: *g(')heisl- ?

Meaning: hostage, prisoner

Germanic: [*gī́s-an- m.]; *gī́s-l-a-, -an- m.

Celtic: OIr gīall; Cymr gwystl, OCorn guistel Geisel, Bret goestl `gage, caution'; Gaul MN Congeistlus; Ir gell `Einsatz, Pfans' (< *ghislo-)