Afroasiatic etymology : Query result

Notes: A very doubtful root. There is also a series of wide-spread similar terms in various Cush and Omot languages, but there is little doubt they are loans from Eth or Arb.

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *gamm-

Meaning: mane, long hair, beard

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ga/umm-at- '(long) hair, mane'

Egyptian: gmḥ.t (sarc) 'hairlock' (?)

Western Chadic: *gVm- 'beard'

Central Chadic: *nV-gum- 'beard'

East Chadic: *gum- 'beard'

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *gam- 'mane'

Saho-Afar: *gamm- 'mane'

Low East Cushitic: *gamm- 'mane'

High East Cushitic: *gamm- 'mane'

Omotic: *gamm- 'mane'

Notes: Borrowing from Eth and/or within Cush and Om is possible.

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ganaḥ-

Meaning: bend

Semitic: *gVnaḥ- 'bend'

Western Chadic: *gan-/*gVHVn- 'bend' 1, 'bend smth.' 2

Central Chadic: *gan- 'bend' 1, 'bend over' 2

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *gan-/*gin-

Meaning: go

Semitic: *gVn- 'come' (imperative)

Western Chadic: *gan- 'go'

Central Chadic: *gan- 'walk roundabout'

East Chadic: *gin- 'go out'

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ganVḥ-

Meaning: wing

Semitic: *ganaḥ- 'thorax area and arms; wing'

Egyptian: d_nḥ (pyr) 'wing'

Central Chadic: *ganH- 'wing' (?)

High East Cushitic: *gon(n)- (<*gVnḥ-?) 'wing'

Notes: Cf. *gʷinaʕ- 'arm; elbow; hand' (431).

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *gany- 1, *gangan- 2 (?)

Meaning: horse 1, mule 2

Semitic: *gany- 'mare, stallion' (<Cush.?)

Low East Cushitic: *gany- 'mare' ~ *gang- (<*gangan-) 'mule'

High East Cushitic: *gany- 'stallion', *gang- (<*gangan-) 'mule'

Warazi (Dullay): *kank- (<*gangan- <*kankan-) 'mule'

Mogogodo (Yaaku): kank-a (<*gangan-) 'zebra'

Notes: Insufficient data. Borrowing within Cush. cannot be ruled out. The Sem. Eth. forms are likely to be Cushitisms. Cf. *hu/ig-an/m- 'equid; camel' (3511).

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *gar-

Meaning: calf

Egyptian: d_r (MK) 'calf'

Central Chadic: *gar- 'bull'

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *gar- 'calf'

High East Cushitic: *gar-an- 'calf'

Notes: Eg phonetic interpretation ambiguous.

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *gar-

Meaning: tie; cord

Semitic: *garīr- 'cord'

Western Chadic: *ngar- 'tie'

Central Chadic: Mafa gur- 'tirer avec une cord' [BMaf] - Cf.

East Chadic: *gVr- 'loosen'

Notes: Scarce data. Unreliable.

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *gar-

Meaning: be angry

Semitic: *gVwVr- 'be unjust' 1, 'be audacious' 2

Berber: *gVr- 'be enraged'

Central Chadic: *gVrVh- 'anger, angry'

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *gar-

Meaning: container, vessel

Semitic: *garr- 'box' 1, 'jug' 2

Berber: *gVr- 'small wooden vase'

Western Chadic: *gar(w)- / *gawar- 'pot (for food)' 1, 'gourd bottle' 2, 'kerosene tin' 3 , 'water pot' 4

Central Chadic: *gur- 'large w-pot' 1, 'calebase' 2

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *garaʕ-

Meaning: cut

Semitic: *gVrVʕ- 'cut (hair)'

Western Chadic: *nV-gVr- 'cut'

Central Chadic: *geger- 'sword'

Saho-Afar: *garaʕ- 'cut, strike'

Low East Cushitic: *garaʕ- 'cut'

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *garab-

Meaning: stomach, belly

Semitic: *garab- 'body' ~ *gurgub- ~ *rugab- 'stomach, belly'

Western Chadic: *garab- 'chest'

Central Chadic: *bVrwag- (met.) 'intestines'

East Chadic: *burwag- (met.) 'stomach'

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *gerob- 'figure, body, torso'

Saho-Afar: *garVb- 'belly, stomach, intestine, heart'

Low East Cushitic: *garab- 'big stomach of ruminants'

Notes: Cf. *ḳVrVb- 'interior, inner parts'.

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *garab- ~ *gabVr- (?)

Meaning: leprosy, syphilis

Semitic: *garab- 'leprosy, mange, scab'

East Chadic: *gabVr- 'syphilis'

Notes: Metathesis. Data insufficient.

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *garm-

Meaning: body; bone

Semitic: *garm- 'body; bone'

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *garyam- ~ *gumaray-

Meaning: hippopotamus

Semitic: *gʷimar(r)ay- 'hippopotamus' (?)

Central Chadic: *garyam- 'hippopotamus'

East Chadic: *girim- 'hippopotamus'

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *gumarī- 'hippopotamus'

Saho-Afar: *gumarī- 'hippopotamus'

High East Cushitic: *gumarr- 'hippopotamus'

Omotic: *gumar- 'hippopotamus'

Notes: A complete coincidence of Eth., CCush. Saho-Afar (-ī in Auslaut), HECush. and Omot. forms (common vocalic pattern) suggests borrowing, probably from Agaw, a decisive item being the interpretation of Ugr. gmr as 'hippopotamus' or not. Cf. Bla. Eleph., 204 where "an evident internal etymology" proposed interprets the CCh. and ECh. terms as composed words consisting of *gar- (Blazek quotes Musgu gari '(big) bull', Muskum gèrré, Vulum gàri 'bull') and *yVm- (quoted is Musgu ye_m, yim 'water'). This etymology is plausible (the latter term for 'water' is attested in other Afras.), but a triconsonantal, though metathetic, root in Cush. and Om. with exactly the same meaning makes our etymology more probable. Cf. also Berb. *a-gmar 'mare'