[Fron 43] (*parʕ- 'capelli fluenti' /ARB,HBR,AKK/); [Holma 34]: HBR, ARB, AKK; [KB 970]: HBR, ARB, AKK

    Formed as a deverbal noun likely by popular etymology from the verb prḳ 'to tear off, rend' (pi) [KB 973]

    Cf. a very likely related JIB mǝfrɔ́ḳ 'hairline (in women)' [JJ 61].

    [KB 618]: HBR, ARM, ARB; [Brock 606]: SYR, HBR; [LS 340]: SOQ, ARM, HBR

    Kane seems to regard this word as an Arabism

    [Fron 40] (*part_- 'contenuto del ventricolo' /ARB,SYR,HBR,AKK/); [Holma 9]: AKK, HBR, ARB, SYR; [KB 977]: HBR, AKK, ARM, ARB; [Brock 609]: SYR, JUD, HBR, ARB, AKK; [LS 343]: SOQ, ARB, ARM, HBR, AKK

    [Aist 253]: UGR, ARB

    These forms seem to have ʔaleph quiescens though there is no "linea occultans" above it

    In English-Mehri Word-List; the form wǝyeʔ quoted [ibid. 311] looks a misprint; ḥǝryēʔ (def.) [ibid.]

    Cf. ARB wāriy-at-, waraⁿ 'maladie des poumons' [BK 2 1526], which can be related to this root with w- as a triconsonantizer. Comparison to BERB and C. CHAD terms in w- (above), however, makes one suppose this ARB example to be a vestige of the old AFRASIAN form *wVray/ʔ-; SEM *riʔ-at- then is to be interpreted as a secondary stem with a lost *wa-.

    [Brock 705]: SYR, HBR PB, ARB, AKK (irtu; also ruʔtu, apud [Holma 43], which is translated as 'Speichel' in [AHw 997], see in *ru/iɣ(V)w/y-at-, No. ).

    Note ARM MAʕLULA rayša implying that ARM -ē- generally viewed as evolved from *-i- may in fact be a result of the contraction *-ay- > ē; the shift ʔ > y in a syllable-closing position is almost universal in ARM.

    GEZ and TNA -ǝ- of the first syllable are likely to reflect *-i-, though the possibility of ǝ < *a before a laryngeal with a front vowel cannot be ruled out.

    Note ETH forms with the *ʔV- prefix: AMH ǝras, HAR urūs (below) and GUR examples with a meaning shift: SOD ǝrs bä-ras-kǝnnäm 'one another (they)' [LGur 527], GYE äʔärās 'only, alone' [ibid.].

    Cf. different meaning shifts in ESA: QAT rʔs₁ 'spout' [Ricks 150] and MIN rʔs₁ 'lui-même, sa propre personne' [LM 75]. Cf. ETH *tǝrʔas 'head of the bed, head support, pillow' [LGz 458; 578-9], [LGur 603]; a derived form with a *tV- prefix?

    [Fron 43]: (*raʔš- 'testa' /GEZ,ARB,SYR,HBR,UGR,AKK/); [Holma 10]: AKK, AMARNA, HBR, ARB, SYR, GEZ; [KB 1164]: HBR, ARM, PHO, AMARNA, MOAB, UGR, AKK, SAB, GEZ, TGR, ARB; [LGz 458]: GEZ, ETH, ESA, JIB, SOQ, HBR, ARM, UGR, PHO, AKK

    Unseparated by Soden from rebītu 'Viereck, Platz' < rebû 'vierter' [ibid.]

    Cf. warb-, warb-at- 'derrière, cul' [ibid. 2 1516]; a variant root with ʔ/w? Cf. ʔirb- 'membre du corps, surtout la main ou la verge' [ibid. 1 23] and wirb-, warb- 'membre du corps' [ibid. 2 1516] (see *(ʔi-)bur- 'membrum virile; membrum, limb', No. )

    Cf. CHA EŽA neba, ENN GYE neb_ä, END nēwä do. [ibid.]; Leslau places these forms under äribä, comparing them to AMH reb (above; on n < *r in initial position cf. [LGur LI])

    Cf. ʔérbeb 'dont le ventre a des rayures blanches' [LS 73]

    Cf. also rabḍ-, rabaḍ- 'femme', rubuḍ- 'femme de famille' [ibid.]; to the semantic development 'uterus' > 'woman, wife' cf. Introduction

    Diverse meaning shifts in ARB can be understood only as various developments from the lost meaning 'womb'.

    [Brock 709-10]: SYR (uniting 'uterus' with 'crates' in the entry for rbʕ 'procubuit, superincubuit', from SEM *rbṣ̂ 'to lie down'), ARB, AKK

    Strangely enough, this word is translated 'parure de la main' [BK 1 947]. Cf. raḥaḥ- 'largeur du sabot chez le cheval ou le mulet' [BK 1 835], obviously related raḥrāḥat- is also quoted without reference; not to be found in available dictionaries of ARB

    According to Leslau, borrowed from ARB [LGz 38]

    Cf. variant stems with what looks like an *ʔi- prefix in GEZ, HRS and JIB (to be reconstructed as PSEM?).

    Note a meaning shift in HBR raḥat 'winnowing shovel' [KB 1222] < *raḥt-, with shortening of *ā in a closed syllable, a process common in HBR; the meaning of JUD riḥătā 'winnowing shovel' [Ja 705] is likely to be influenced by HBR (see however CHR PAL ARM rḥt 'vanna' [Schulthess 193]).

    Cf. JUD liḥătā, luḥătā 'the splint-bone, the outer small bone of the leg' [Ja 1470] and SYR laḥtā 'vola manus' [Brock 363] to be compared to *riḥat- as a variant root.

    Cf. ETH EAST: HAR ḥarda 'sole of the foot, track, trace' [LH 85]; according to Leslau, from CUSH (CUSH examples are not quite convincing). Alternative, though no more solid, explanations are a metathesis from *raḥ + ʔǝd(a) (cf. TNA raḥ ʔid) 'hand' with a subsequent shift of meaning (note that 'hand' is iǧi in HAR; cf. also iǧi ḥarda 'the palm of the hand' [ibid.]); or a metathesis <*raḥda <*raḥat, with an unexplained change t > d incorporated into the stem.

    [Fron 48] (*rāḥ-at- 'mano aperta' /GEZ,TGR, ARB,SYR,CHRPAL ARM,HBR,UGR,AKK/); [Brock 363]: SYR, HBR, ARB (rāḥat-; also raḥrāḥat- quoted without reference--not to be found in available dictionaries of ARB), GEZ, AKK, SOQ (quoted as rih_ôti, not confirmed by [LS]); [Holma 119]: AKK, ARB (rāḥat- and raḥrāḥat-), HBR, GEZ; [KB 1222]: HBR, ARM, UGR, AKK, GEZ, TGR, ARB; [LGz 38]: GEZ, TGR (considered an ARB loan), ARB, SOQ, HBR, UGR, AKK, SYR; [LS 399]: SOQ, MSA, ARB, GEZ, AKK

    Cf. rakab- 'pubis (tant chez l'homme que chez la femme, mais particulièrment chez la femme); parties naturelles de la femme' [BK 1 914]; probably related with a current meaning shift 'knee' > 'genitals' (see, however, Verb, *rkb, No. )

    Metathetic of *birk-/*bark-/*barik-at-; interestingly, both variant roots are attested in the same languages.

    See ʔa- prefix in ARM.

    Note a derived verb in MND rkb 'to kneel' [DM 423].

    [DRS 84]: ARB, JIB (quoting (e)rkebét <ARB; not in [JJ]); [KB deutsch 1674]: ARM, ARB

    [Holma 53], [Brock 741]: AKK, SYR, ARB (note that ARB rafš- quoted in both sources means 'pelle pour enlever les ordures' [BK 1 895] which correlates with the second meaning of SYR 'ventilabrum'; ARB is considered a loan from SYR by Brockelmann)

    Note also rār- 'moelle qui a peu de consistance, qui est presque liquide'; cf. ruwāl-, rāwūl-, rāʔul- 'bave des bestiaux' [BK 1 956], with dissimilation of liquids

    AKK līru 'a mineral colour' [CAD l 147], [AHw 546] sometimes compared with this root ([Brock], [DM] ad l.) is hardly related.

    [Fron 39] (*rayr- 'saliva' /ARB,SYR,HBR,AKK līru/); [KB 1229]: HBR, ARM, ARB; [Brock 727]: SYR, HBR, ARB

    Note also sǝmbāḥ do. [ibid.]

    Cf. also WOL sǝnäbäbä, SEL sinäbäbä 'to have a cold combined with coughing, cough' [ibid. 550]

    Note SYR sabbōlā (<*san/mb-āl- ?) 'arteria trachealis' [Brock 455] (according to Brockelmann, the primary meaning is 'portator' < sbl 'portare'); can sabbōlā be a contamination, a kind of folk etymology, of *sVmb- 'lung' and a verbal noun derived from sbl 'to carry' ? One wonders whether this SYR term can be alternatively compared to ETH EAST: SEL šǝmbinnä, WOL čǝmbillä; GUR: MUH čǝmbilla, CHA čǝmbina, EŽA čǝmbinna, END šǝppitnä, GYE šǝmpǝna, ENN šǝmpǝnʔa t- 'vein of the leaf of the äsät' [LGur 173]; all < *šǝmpill/nn- (on alternance č:š see [ibid. LXII]).

    Cf. ARB sināb-, ṣināb- (ṣ assimilated to *ṗ ?) 'qui a le dos allongé, long' [BK 1 1148; 1374]; cf. also sanbāʔ 'anus' [ibid 1148] (a structural similarity with N. ETH is remarkable); probably related, though in both cases a semantic shift from 'lung' is difficult to prove.

    Note an Auslaut in -uʔ/ʕ in N. ETH. Cf. MOD ETH *sVmbVr- 'part of the animal's stomach': TGR sǝmbǝr 'one of the four stomachs of the ruminants' [LH 173], TNA sǝmbǝr 'parte interna dello stomaco dei ruminanti' [Bass 173], AMH sämbär, sǝmbär 'callosity of the internal wall of the animal's stomach'' [K 538-9], GUR: END sämbär 'fat part of the stomach' [LGur 546].

    There is SOQ ʕámb 'poumon' [LS 312]; according to [SSL LS 1458] ɣamb, pl. ɣināb. Leslau thinks that SOQ ʕamb 'lung' is perhaps to be connected with the ETH and CUSH roots; in this case s- of the latter ones should be looked at as an agglutinated prefix [LGur 546]. Though this kind of comparison implying prefixed s- in all of the AFRASIAN forms is far-fetched, one cannot help suspecting some kind of connection. Can ɣ in this isolated SOQ example be a result of contamination or some other unique development?

    Cf. sēṭ 'handle; swinging the forefinger' [Ja 972]

    Cf. MHR šēṭǝr 'measure, span between the end of the thumb and the forefinger' [JM 396]; related with -r to be treated as a suffixed element? One also wonders whether this word can be compared to HBR PB sṭr 'to strike sideways, slap' [Ja 973] and JUD sṭr (aph) 'to strike with the flat hand' [Ja 973] to make another SEM root *sVṭ(V)r- {} *cVṭ(V)r- 'flat hand, span'?

    [Fron 41] (*t_iʔr- 'carne' /ESA t_ʔr 'vendetta del sangue', ARB t_aʔr- do., HBR,UGR,AKK); [Holma 5]: AKK, HBR, ARB (t_aʔr- translated as 'Blut' which is hardly an exact translation for 'talion, sang versé pour le sang' [BK 1 215]), SYR (tē(ʔ)rtā translated as 'Zwerchfell', cf. [Brock 813]); [KB deutsch 1283]: HBR, AKK, UGR (a difference between šʔir 'Fleisch' and t_ʔar 'Terminus für Blutsbande' is rightly stressed)

    Note that the first meaning given in [CAD] is 'side, inside corner'. Cf. suh_ātu 'armpit' OB on [CAD s 347] (translated as 'Unterkinn' in [AHw 1054]) with an unexpected s-

    <*šaḥy-? Note the absence of the *-at- suffix

    <*hVh_ōt <*šVh_ōt

    Note the derived pattern

    ŝḥo quoted in [LS 427] must be a mistake (or a dialect variant?)