Семитская этимология : Результат запроса

NUMBER: 2564

PROTO: *ŝaʕVr- 1; Eth. *ŝǝr(-n)ay- 2

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: barley; grass, straw 1; wheat 2

еврейский (иврит): ŝǝʕōrā 'the hairy, grainy kernel-fruit, barley' (HAL 1346)

иудейский арамейский: sǝʕartā 'barley' (Ja. 1010)

сирийский арамейский: sǝʕārǝtā 'hordeum' (Brock. 489)

мандейский арамейский: sara 'barley' (DM 315)

арабский: cf. šuʕr- coll. 'plantes, arbres (tout ce qui constitue, pour ainsi dire, le poile du sol); safran', šaʕār- 'arbres touffus et entrelacés qui servent d'ombrage l'été et d'abri l'hiver; végétatoin' (BK I 1238)

геэз (древнеэфиопский): śāʕr 'herb, herbage, grass, vegetation, straw, meadow, grassland, pasture' (LGz. 525).

тигре: saʕarsaʕaro 'green' (LH 194), säʕar 'grass, hay' (LH 194; šǝʕir 'barley' Ibid. 226 is likely an Arabism); šǝrnay, šǝnray 'wheat' (LGz., 534)

амхарский: sar 'grass (either green or dried)' (Kane 1990, 482) , sororro 'white ṭef' (Ibid. 486); sǝnde 'wheat' (LGz., 534)

аргобба: sǝrray 'wheat' (LGz., 534)

гафат: sǝndä 'wheat' (LGz., 534)

гураге: *saʔar 'grass' (LGur 530); *sǝre; Cha särimäsǝr 'green' ("like grass" LGur)

мехри: ŝɛ̄r 'straw' (JM 370); cf. šǝʕīr (JM 391) 'barley', very likely an Arabism.

джиббали: ŝáʕǝr 'dry grass, straw' (JJ 244); cf. šiʕír (JJ 259) 'barley', very likely an Arabism.

сокотри: cf. šáʕir 'orge' (LS 420), very likely an Arabism.

NOTES: Dolgopolsky explains -ʕ- as the result of contamination, after popular etymology, with Sem. *ŝaʕr- 'hair', which is quite plausible; an alternative explanation is the influence of *ŝi/uʕ(V̄ʕ)- 'barley'

NUMBER: 2565

PROTO: *dVng(ʷ)- 1 ~ *dagan- 2

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 - 'beans', 2 'corn, grain'

угаритский: dgn 'grano, trigo' (DLU, 130)

финикийский: dgn 'corn, grain' (HAL, 214)

еврейский (иврит): dāgān 'corn, grain' (HAL, 214)

арамейские: Arm.-Eg. dgn 'corn, grain' (HAL, 214)

сокотри: dengo 'haricots' (LS, 130).

NUMBER: 2566

PROTO: *dVgVr-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: beans

сирийский арамейский: dagr- (Cohen et al. 1970-, 222)

арабский: diǯr-, daǯr-, duǯr- 'haricot'

мехри: dǝgǝrät, pl. dugur (Cohen et al. 1970-, 222)

джиббали: dǝgǝrät (Cohen et al. 1970-, 222)

сокотри: dígir 'fèves' (Cohen et al. 1970-, 222)

NOTES: cf. Tgr. ʔadungʷǝra, Tna. ʔadangʷǝra, Amh. adängʷare, Gaf. adängʷarä, S. Arg. adongure, Gur. adängʷarre id. Ibid., obviously Cushitisms

NUMBER: 2567

PROTO: *ʔa-dangal- 1 ~ *dalgʷ-am- 2

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 'beans; wild corn' 1, 'sorghum; porridge' 2

геэз (древнеэфиопский): dǝlgʷǝmmā 'porridge' (LGz., 131)

амхарский: dälgʷäm 'a variety of sorghum' (LGz., 131)

NUMBER: 2568

PROTO: *ḥi/unṭ-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: wheat, barley

аккадский: uṭṭatu 'Getreide, Gerste, Korn' OAkk. on (AHw, 1446)

угаритский: ḥtt

еврейский (иврит): ḥiṭṭā 'wheat' (HAL, 307)

иудейский арамейский: ḥinṭǝtā 'wheat' (HAL, 307)

сирийский арамейский: ḥeṭṭǝtā 'wheat' (HAL, 307)

арабский: ḥinṭ-at-

геэз (древнеэфиопский): ḥǝṭṭ-ǝt-

гураге: Cf. Gur. *anṭä 'to cut, reap cereals, harvest' (LGur., 76; derived by Leslau from Gur. arräṭä)

джиббали: ḥiṭ 'food; beans; any cereal' (JJ, 119)

сокотри: ḥinṭǝh 'wheat' (HAL, 307)

NUMBER: 2569

PROTO: *kVb(b)-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: wheat

аккадский: kibtu 'wheat' OAkk. on (CAD k, 340)

тигре: käbbä 'Getreidebrei' (LH, 411)

NUMBER: 2570

PROTO: *laylay-an- ~ *yil-t-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 'grain' 1, 'peas' 2

аккадский: lillânu (lilliannu, lālânu) 'grain at its highest growth' SB (CAD l, 188; AHw, 553; <*laylay-an-, reduplicated, with -an suffixed?); iltu 'Häcksel'

NUMBER: 2571

PROTO: *ʔa-šnVʔ/n-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: corn, wheat

аккадский: ašnanu 'Korn, Getreide' OB on (AHw, 82; <*ʔa-šnan-, with prefixed ʔa-)

мехри: mǝ-hnoy 'farm near a town' (JM, 159)

джиббали: mǝ-šnuʔ 'garden on the mountain for dhura or beans', ešné 'to have a garden, field' (JJ, 263)

сокотри: šáne 'semence, blé qui est sur les tiges', héne 'semer' (LS, 145)

NOTES: Cf. Har. säñi, Sel. säñe, Wol. säññe, Zw. säñi 'seed, crop' (LGur., 555; very likely from Cu.)

NUMBER: 2572

PROTO: *s_̂xi/uʕ(V̄ʕ)-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 'barley, ear of corn; k. of beans'

аккадский: šeʔu 'barley, grain' (CAD b1, 345; this reading have been recently doubted by Huehnergard), šuʔu 'pulse, chickpea' Nuzi MA on (CAD š3, 416; AHw, 1294)

еврейский (иврит): pB. šǝʕūʕīt 'a species of beans' (Ja., 1610)

иудейский арамейский: šǝʕītā id. (Ibid. 1611)

тигре: säʕaʕ 'oats' (LH, 194), sǝʕsǝʕa (redupl.) 'épeautre' (Ibid.)

NUMBER: 2573

PROTO: *ŝxabar- 'grain'

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 'grain'

еврейский (иврит): šäbär 'grain', Sam. šabru, šabrimma id. (HAL, 1405-6)

тигре: säbbära 'Lathyrus sativus' (LH, 183; with a meaning shift?)

NOTES: Cf. Tna. šǝmbǝra, Amh. Arg. Har. šumbura, Gur šǝmbura 'chickpea' (LGur., 579; must be Cushitisms)

NUMBER: 2574

PROTO: *tiʔin-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 'fig-tree'

аккадский: tittu, tiʔittu, pl. tīnātu 'Feige(nbaum)' lex., tiʔu 'Feige' SB (AHw, 1363)

еврейский (иврит): tǝʔēnā 'fig, ficus Carica' (HAL, 1675)

иудейский арамейский: tēnǝtā 'fig, ficus Carica' (HAL, 1675)

сирийский арамейский: teʔttā, pl. tēʔnē 'fig, ficus Carica' (HAL, 1675)

мандейский арамейский: tina 'fig-tree' (DM, 486)

арабский: tīn- (coll.) 'figue', tīnu-l-ʔafranǯi 'espèce de cactus' (BK 1, 213)

харари: tīn, tīni 'fruit of cactus' (Leslau 1963, 150; acc. to Leslau, from Arb. tīn 'fig' of Aramaic origin; probably from Cu.)

NUMBER: 2575

PROTO: *ka/inpa/ir-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: tip of the nose; lip

арабский: kinfirat- 'tip of the nose' [Fraytag 4 65] (not in [BK])

геэз (древнеэфиопский): kanfar 'lip, language, brim, edge, hem' [LGz 287].

Cf. kǝnfār, konfār 'hump, arm, front of leg of an animal' [LGz 287]), with a meaning shift 'the projecting part of the head' > 'the projecting parts of the body'?

тигре: känfär, kämfär 'lip' [LH 418]

тиграй (тигринья): känfär 'labbro' [Bass 608]

амхарский: känfär 'lip, brim' [K 1446]

гураге: CHA EŽA ENN GYE MUH MSQ GOG SOD känfär, END käfär 'lip' [LGur 345]

NOTES: Only ARB and ETH supported, however, by AFRASIAN. Both meanings of the proto-form are easily compatible if refer to the tip of animal's muzzle/snout.

There is little doubt that the ARB example is cognate of the ETH ones which therefore are not borrowed from CUSH (see comprehensive discussion in [LGz 287]).

Note the meaning 'edge, brim' in ETH to compare with AKK kibru (kipru) 'edge, shore, bank' OA on [CAD k 334], [AHw 471]; though in both sources kibru is quoted as the basic form, it may rather be kipru (<*kinpVr-), if the comparison is valid. In this case one must assume either an homonymy of the two SEM terms, 'tip of the muzzle/snout; lip' and 'edge, brim ' or a derivation of the former from the latter implied by the AFRASIAN cognates.

That the root is "expressive" may account for a series of variant roots in ARB (kunt_ur-, kant_arat- 'gland du pénis; mufle, bout du museau de l'âne [BK 2 933]; ḳanfar-, ḳunfūr- 'verge, pénis; orifice' [ibid. 825]) and MSA (MHR QISHN kǝrfī́f 'lip' [SSL 1 278], HRS kerōf 'to sniff' [JH 69], JIB kɛrféf 'face' [JJ 134] and metathetic ḳǝfrér 'lip' [SSL 1 279]).

[LGz 287]: GEZ, ETH, ARB (comparison with AKK kipru and MSA kǝrfī́f etc. considered unlikely)

NUMBER: 2576

PROTO: *taʔ-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 'room'

аккадский: tāʔu 'inner room' AHw 1340

еврейский (иврит): taʔ 'room' KB 1015

NOTES: Kogan Add. to HSED 2342

NUMBER: 2577

PROTO: *ʔarw/y-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: edible plant

еврейский (иврит): ʔōrōt (pl.) 'mallow, Malva rotundifolia (edible)' (KB 25); ʔōrōt (pl.) 'mallow, Malva rotundifolia (edible)' (KB 25)

арабский: ʔary- 'manne, substance végétale qui s'épaissit sur les feuilles des arbres' (BK 1, 27)

NUMBER: 2578

PROTO: *gar(i)d-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: back of neck

арабский: ǧarad- 'dos' [BK 1 276], ʔaǧrad- 'dos' [ibid. 277] (with the ʔa- prefix).
Note ǧrdḥ 'allonger le cou' [ibid.] with -ḥ hard to explain

тигре: ǯärid '(muscles of the) neck' [LH 550].
Though ǯ- is thought to signal an Arabism, probably an inherited term in view of a difference in meaning and vocalism

восточноэфиопские: SEL gǝrdid 'nape of neck' [LGur 291]

NOTES: Scarcely attested in ARB and MOD ETH only.
Cf. *ḳard-, SED No. 166

NUMBER: 2579

PROTO: *ŝaʔw-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 'dung of a camel'

арабский: šaʔw^anBK 1 1180

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