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\data\semham\semet
Number: 2240
Proto-Semitic: *zubb- {} *ʒubb-
Meaning: (male) genitalia
Hebrew: PB zubbān 'the bag which contains a male animal's member' [Ja 383].

    <*zubb-ān; according to Jastrow, from zānāb, which is unlikely

Arabic: zubb- 'verge, pénis (de l'homme ou d'un autre mâle); bout de la barbe; nez' [BK 1 968].

    Cf. zanbūr 'membrum virile' [ibid. 1015] (dissimilation <*zabbūr-, with the -r suffix?) for which see ARM JUD zǝmōrā 'membrum virile, phallus' [Ja 402] (a variant root with b/m?)

Modern Arabic: NYEM zibbin, zibb, zubb 'Penis' [Behnstedt 484], zubbah 'Vulva' [ibid.].

    Cf. also NYEM zabān 'groin' [ibid. 488] and DAT_ zabān 'la partie au-dessus du nombril, abdomen' [GD 1821], witha meaning shift

Notes: Scarce attestation in HBR and ARB; not quite reliable
Number: 2241
Proto-Semitic: *zibl- {} *ʒibl-
Meaning: dung
Akkadian: (?) ziblu 'Abfall, Schutt' MB on [AHw 1524].

    With a meaning shift? According to [CAD z 103], meaning uncertain

Hebrew: PB zäbäl 'manure, dung' [Ja 379]
Judaic Aramaic: zēbal 'dung' [Ja 1714]
Syrian Aramaic: zeblā 'fimus, stercus' [Brock 187]
Arabic: zibl-, zabīl- 'fumier' [BK I 971].

    Cf. dubālat- 'engrais, tout substance avec laquelle on prépare le sol', dbl 'préparer le sol par l'engrais' [ibid. 668] (a variant root with z/d?)

Geʕez (Ethiopian): zǝbl 'dung' [LGz 631] (<*zibl)
Notes: Note UGR zbl 'Kranker; Krankheit' [Aist 97] (from 'diarrhea'?).

    See a derived verb in ARM: JUD zǝbal 'to manure' [Ja 379] and ETH: GEZ zabala 'to defecate, have diarrhea, spread manure' [LGz 631], AMH zäbällälä 'to defecate copiously' [K 1642].

    [LGz 631]: GEZ, ETH, ARB, ARM, HBR PB, UGR, AKK; [Brock 187]: SYR, ARM, ARB

Number: 2242
Proto-Semitic: *zam- {} *ʒam-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: blood
Mandaic Aramaic: zma 'blood' [DM 168]; also ʕzma (with the *ʔa-prefix?).

    While a doublet of dma do. [ibid. 111], represents the main term for 'blood' in MND

Arabic: zaʔama 'presser une plaie de manière que le pus en sorte, le sang se dessèche et forme une croûte' [BK 1 967]
Modern Arabic: SYR zūm 'blood; juice'
Geʕez (Ethiopian): zam 'blood' [LGz 638].

    Other meanings 'broth; impurity left in broth by boiled meat' [ibid.], if in fact referring to zam, are likely to be due to contamination with zom, zomo (from GREEK zōmos 'soup, sauce, broth' [ibid.])

Notes: Debatable. Attested only in MND, GEZ and, as a verb, in ARB, looks an original SEM root to differentiate from a loan of GREEK zōmos 'soup, sauce, broth' (but not 'blood'!) in some of SEM: HBR PB zōm 'juice, brine' [Ja 387], zāmīt, zōmīt '[foam]; name of a brine' [ibid. 403]; JUD zōmā 'juice, brine, broth, pulp' [ibid. 387], SYR zūmā, zūmūs 'jus; liquor' [Brock 192]; GEZ zom, zomo 'blood; broth; impurity left in broth by boiled meat' [LGz 638] (the meaning 'blood', if not a confusion, must be due to contamination with zam, see above).

    The vocalic reconstruction is highly tentative based on the presumption that GEZ zam (unlike zom, from GREEK) retains the old vowel.

    Note AFRAS: CHAD and HAMER

Number: 2243
Proto-Semitic: *zar-at- {} *ʒar-at-
Meaning: (spread) hand; span
Ugaritic: (?) drt 'a span' [Gordon 387].

    Translated as 'Hirse' in [Aist 83], 'salvado, ahechadura' in [DLU 138]

Hebrew: zärät 'span' [KB 283]; PB 'distance from the little finger to the thumb of a spread hand' [Ja 415]
Judaic Aramaic: zartā, zērǝtā 'distance from the little finger to the thumb of a spread hand; fist, hand' [ibid.]; zrt 'span' [Sok 183]
Syrian Aramaic: zǝwārā 'pugnus; manus; manipulus, pugillus' [Brock 194]; zartā 'spithama' [ibid. 208]
Mandaic Aramaic: zirta 'a span (space between thumb and little finger when extended)' [DM 168]
Notes: Problematic. The UGR term may have a different meaning and be unrelated; even if it means 'span', d- can be explained from *d_- or *d-, and not *z-. In case of SEM *d_-, the ARM examples (expected to be rendered with d-, not z-) could be interpreted as loans from HBR, if not for the fact that it is only in ARM (JUD and SYR) that strictly anatomic meanings ('hand' and 'fist'), likely to be the primary ones, are attested. The most plausible explanation wouldprobably be a common HBR-ARM root with *z-.

    Note a variant stem with -w- in SYR.

    [KB 283]: HBR, ARM, UGR (all thought to be from EGYPT d_rt 'hand'); [Brock 208]: SYR, JUD, MND, HBR, GEZ (sǝzr); [DM 168]: MND, JUD, SYR, HBR

Number: 2244
Proto-Semitic: *zīz- {} *ʒiʒ-
Meaning: teat
Akkadian: zīzu 'breast' NA [CAD z 149], [CAD z 149]
Ugaritic: (?) zd, d_d 'weibl. Brust' [Aist 321; 97].

    d_d 'pecho, seno' [DLU 139]; found in some UGR texts in place of a more common t_d

Hebrew: zīz 'udder, nipple' [KB 268]
Modern Arabic: zīz-at- 'sein, mamelle' [BK 1 1032] marked as ALG (so also [Dozy 1 619]: "en Barbarie")
Notes: *zīd_- {} *ʒīǯ- is an alternative reconstruction based on UGR. Since UGR d may represent SEM *d_, Gordon is probably right in assuming *zīd_ as the proto-form [Gordon 388, 393]; in this case, the ARB example is to be treated as a form with *-d_ > -z with a full assimilation to the initial z-. Such interpretation of the contradiction between UGR zd and ARB zīz- would look more convincing than the reconstruction *zīz- leaving no coherent explanation of UGR zd, if not for low compatibility of z and d_ in SEM making their combination in the same root questionable. Note that, in any case, UGR d_d remains unexplained.

    [DLU 139]: UGR, HBR (dad); [KB 268]: HBR, UGR (t_d, d_d, zd), AKK, ARB DIAL (dēd)

Number: 2245
Proto-Semitic: *ʕḳr
Meaning: to be sterile, without offspring (of man and woman)
Hebrew: ʕāḳār 'infertile, with no descendants' [KB 874].

    Cf. ʕēḳär 'descendant' [ibid. 875], with a strange meaning shift if related (derived from 'root'? see above)

Judaic Aramaic: ʕăḳar (ʕaḳrā) 'sterile, barren' [Ja 1108]; ʕḳrh, det. ʕḳrth 'barren woman/female' [Sok 417]
Syrian Aramaic: ʕaḳrā, ʕăḳartā 'sterilis (vir, femina)' [Brock 544]
Mandaic Aramaic: aḳra 'sterile, impotent' [DM 33]
Arabic: ʕḳr (-i-, -u-) 'être stérile' [BK 2 314]
Geʕez (Ethiopian): ʕarḳa 'to be orphaned, to be childless' [LGz 70] (metathesis).

    Note that the first meaning of the word is 'to be naked', which, in view of comparative data, has to be treated as metaphoric from 'to be childless'; otherwise to be regarded as homonymous

Notes: [KB 874], [Brock 544]: HBR, ARM, ARB. In both dictionaries a connection with SEM *ʕḳr/*ʕrḳ 'to eradicate' is proposed; the meaning shift is doubtful (the latter ones are in fact deverbal from *ʕa/irḳ- 'root' and probably *ʕi/aḳār- 'root; medicine', see in *ʕarḳ- 'tendon, muscle, vein, nerf', No. ).
Number: 2246
Proto-Semitic: *ʕlg
Meaning: to stammer
Ugaritic: ʕlg 'tartamudear' [DLU 77]; tʕlgt 'stammering' [Gordon 456]
Hebrew: ʕillēg 'stammerer' [KB 828].

    Formed after the well-known ḳittēl pattern for adjectives denoting physical defects

Mandaic Aramaic: ALG 'to be dumb, or have impaired or stammering speech' [DM 19]; alga 'dumb, tongue-tied, stammered' [ibid.]
Tigre: täʕalaǯäǯä 'to stammer' [LH 454]
Notes: Cf. ARB ʕalǧ- 'tout barbare; non arabe, qui ne pas musulman; rustique dans ses manières' [BK 2 339] and ETH EAST: HAR aläga 'stranger, who does not belong to the family or tribe', SEL aläga, WOL ZWY alägä 'one who is not a member of the family; stranger' [LGur 39], GUR: MSQ GOG aläga, SOD alägga, END alaggä do. [ibid.]. According to Leslau [ibid.], from E. CUSH (KAM HAD alagga, OROMO alagä); in view of ARB, the ETH examples are either Arabisms or make, together with the ARB example, SEM *ʕal(a)g- 'stranger' (in both cases the E. CUSH terms are SEM loan-words). A third explanation implies an independent similar semantic shift in both ARB and MOD ETH. To the meaning 'stranger' very likely developed from 'stammering, mute', cf. ARB ʕǧm (X) 'balbutier', (VIII) 'être inintelligible pour quelqu'un, sonner à l'oreille comme un jargon, une langue barbare' [BK 2 183] and ʕaǧam- 'peuples non arabes' [ibid. 184].

    See TGR ʕalǯäǯä 'to act foolishly' [LH 454], very likely a meaning shift, but strangely attested in the main stem, with the presumed original meaning preserved in a derived stem only.

    Note that AMH algum 'silent, mute, taciturn' [K 1112] is rather from läggʷämä 'to be silent' [ibid. 115], possibly contaminated with, or related to, the present root.

    Cf. MSA: MHR ʕōlǝg 'to try and persuade so. difficult to convince' [JM 20], JIB oʕólg 'to try hard to get so. to do or accept st.', aʕtélég 'to be very fussy' [JJ 12]. A semantic development 'to be dumb' > 'to be stubborn, difficult to convince'?

    [KB 828]: UGR, HBR, MND, ARB, TGR; [DLU 77]: UGR, ARB, HBR; [DM 19]: HBR, ARB

Number: 2247
Proto-Semitic: *ʕmy
Meaning: to be blind
Syrian Aramaic: ʔitʕammī (Itpa) 'occaecatus est' [Brock 529]
Mandaic Aramaic: (?) AMM 'to grow dim' [DM 22].

    Note that in the only context quoted the verb refers to the eye and may be interpreted as 'you became blind': amamit aina mṣuṣtia d_-libat 'thou art extinguished, peeping eye of Libat (Venus)' [ibid.]

Arabic: ʕmy 'être aveugle, être affligé de la cécité' [BK 2 373]
Tigre: ʕamā 'to become blind' [LH 456].

    Note ʕammätä 'ferma l'oeil', ʕǝmǝt 'aveuglement volontaire' [ibid. 457]

Tigrai (Tigriñña): ʕammätä 'bendare, coprire gli occhi' [Bass 675]
Notes: [Brock 529]: SYR, ARB; [LH 456]: TGR, ARB
Number: 2248
Proto-Semitic: *ʕwr (-i-)
Meaning: to be blind
Akkadian: (?) tūrtu 'Umwendung (part.); Umwendung der Augen als Krankheit' OB on [AHw 1373].

    According to Soden, derived from *twr; alternatively <*ta-ʕur-t-u. The form h_ummuru, attested from OB on and often compared to this root, means 'shrunken, crippled' [CAD h_ 235] and hardly belongs here

Ugaritic: ʕwr 'ciego' [DLU 95]
Canaanite: PHO ʕwr 'blind' [T 240].

    Very uncertain; see discussion in [HJ 834]

Hebrew: ʕiwwēr (n.) 'blind' [KB 803], ʕiwwēr (piʕ) 'to blind' [ibid. 802]
Aramaic: OLD ʕwr 'to be blinded' [HJ 834]
Judaic Aramaic: ʕăwīr, ʕawwīr 'blind (n.)' [Ja 1049]; ʕawwēr (paʕ) 'to blind' [Ja 1058]
Syrian Aramaic: ʕǝwārā, ʕǝwīrā 'caecus' [Brock 518]
Mandaic Aramaic: ʕuira 'blind' [DM 343] (cf. ʕbira 'blind' [ibid. 340]); MAL ʕwr 'erblinden' [Berg 5]
Arabic: ʕwr (-a-) 'être borgne' [BK 2 404]
Geʕez (Ethiopian): ʕora (-u-) 'to be blind' [LGz 79].

    Note also ʔanʕorara 'become blind' (N-stem, plus a partial reduplication) and ʕǝrǝrt 'kind of eye-desease' [ibid. 71]

Tigre: ʕorä 'to be blind' [LH 477]
Tigrai (Tigriñña): ʕawärä 'ciecarsi' [Bass 70]
Amharic: awwärä 'to blind' [K 1267]
East Ethiopic: SEL ūr 'blind' [LGur 83]
Gurage: MUH GOG (t)awwärä 'to be blind' [ibid. 114].

    Note compounds with in, en 'eye' in MUH enur, WOL inur 'blind' [ibid. 73]

Mehri: ʔáywer (yāwōr) 'to be blind' [JM 37]
Jibbali: ʕēr (yaʕbɔ́r) 'to go blind' [JJ 19] (-b- < *-w-)
Harsusi: ʔáwer (yāwōr) do. [JH 12]
Soqotri: ʕér 'devenir aveugle' [LS 303]
Notes: [Maizel 254]; [KB 803]: UGR, HBR, ARM, ARB, GEZ, TGR, SAB (PN); [Müller 83]: SAB, UGR, HBR, ARM, GEZ, TGR, TNA, AMH, MHR; [LGz 71]: GEZ, HBR, UGR, ARM, ARB, SOQ
Number: 2249
Number: 2250
Proto-Semitic: *bhm
Meaning: mute, dumb; deaf
Arabic: ʔabham- 'qui ne sait ou ne peut pas parler' [BK 1 174], bahīm- 'sourd' [ibid.].

    Note variant roots (bʎm, etc.) in [Maizel 170]

Geʕez (Ethiopian): bǝhma 'to be mute, dumb, speak with difficulty' [LGz 89]
Tigre: bähamä 'to be dumb' [LH 267]
Tigrai (Tigriñña): bähamä 'addivenir mutolo' [Bass 303].

    Cf. also bǝḥǝm bälä 'fiatare, parlare sottovoce' [ibid. 311]

Notes: Only ARB and N. ETH.

    Traditionally compared with this root are terms for '(domestic) animals', 'cattle' (as "speechless"), such as: UGR bhmt 'cattle' [Gordon 371], HBR bǝhēmā 'animals, beasts' [KB 112], ARB bahmat- 'agneau, chevreau, veau, ou petit de chameau' [BK 1 173] (bahīmat- 'animal, bête, brute' [ibid. 174] is most probably a Hebraism).

    Cf. MIN bhm [LM 20], with an obscure meaning (in a fragmentary context:...]ybhm tʔmnh).

    Note MSA: MHR hǝbhōm 'not to make up one's mind' [JM 45], JIB bɛhɛ́m 'to be ashamed, hangdog' [JJ 24], with possible meaning shifts.

    [Maizel 170]: ARB, GEZ; [LGz 89]: ETH, ARB, HBR; [DRS 48]: ARB, ETH (a connection with bhm 'cattle' is assumed)

Number: 2251
Proto-Semitic: *bṣḳ {} *bc̣ḳ
Meaning: to spit
Arabic: bṣḳ 'cracher' [BK 1 132]; cf. bzḳ do. [ibid. 121]
Tigre: bärč̣äḳä 'to spit out, to quirt through the lips' [LH 281]
Tigrai (Tigriñña): bǝrč̣ǝḳč̣ǝḳ bälä 'sentir nausea, voglia di vomitare' [Bass 320] (partial reduplication).

    Note that bǝrč̣ǝḳ bälä 'spit out' quoted in [LGur 131] is not found in [Bass], while comparison with bäč̣äḳ bälä 'scolare da una piaga (pus, marcia)' [Bass 342] made by Leslau [LGur 131] is questionable semantically

Amharic: tän/mborač̣č̣äḳä 'to spray, splatter (water being poured into a container)' [K 894]
East Ethiopic: SEL bǝč̣ǝḳ bälä 'spit' [LGur 131]
Notes: Only ARB and MOD ETH.

    Note a variant stem with a secondary (?) -r- in most ETH (and CUSH examples with no -r- [LGur 131]); cf. a possible variant root with m- in [LGur 390].

    [DRS 77] (ARB only); [LGur 131]: ETH, ARB

Number: 2252
Proto-Semitic: *dbš/t_
Meaning: to be hump-backed
Hebrew: dabbäšät 'hump (of a camel)' [KB 213]
Tigre: däbbisotat 'hunch-backs' (pl.); däbbas 'stooping' [ibid.], dǝbǝs 'being hump-backed' [LH 528]
Notes: Very scarce attestation: HBR and TGR only.

    Hardly related to TGR däbsä 'to bend' [LH 528], AMH dǝbuš 'round, rolypoly' [K 1783].

    [KB 213]: HBR, TGR (also fantastically compared to UGR gbt_t 'hump', HBR PB, JUD gbš 'to pile up' and AKK gu/ipšu 'mass of water'); [DRS 216]: HBR, TGR

Number: 2253
Proto-Semitic: *dny
Meaning: to conceive, be pregnant
Arabic: dny (IV) 'être près de mettre bas' [BK 1 740].

    Note that the first meaning of the verb is 'être près' in general; cf. also wdn 'mettre au monde un enfant maigre et chetif' [BK 2 1512]

Gurage: (?) CHA däna, EZHA dänna, END dätna 'to be coupled, conceive (cattle)' [LGur 210].

    According to Leslau, < därra (see [ibid. LI]), which is possible, but not necessarily so in view of comparative data

Mehri: dáyni 'to conceive' [JM 72]
Jibbali: díní 'to conceive' [JJ 40]
Harsusi: denō 'to become pregnant, conceive' [JH 25]
Soqotri: dínih 'être enceinte' [LS 130]
Notes: Not quite reliable. Only ARB (possibly with contamination with the homonymous verb 'to be near'), MSA and probably GUR.

    [LS 130]: MSA, ARB; [DRS 281]: MSA, ARB

Number: 2254
Proto-Semitic: *dnḳ
Meaning: deaf, stupid
Arabic: dāniḳ- 'sot, bête' [BK 1 739]
Geʕez (Ethiopian): danḳawa 'to be deaf, be hard of hearing, ignorant, stupid' [LGz 138]
Tigrai (Tigriñña): (?) dännäḳä 'stupirsi, meravigliarsi, restar meravigliato' [Bass 787]
Amharic: (?) dännäḳä 'to be admirable, wonderful, marvellous; to astonish, surprise' [K 1793]
East Ethiopic: HAR SEL dōnḳa, WOL donḳä 'deaf' [LGur 214].

    Cf. HAR dänäḳä 'to be amazing, surprising' [LHar 57]

Gurage: END dǝnuʔ do. [ibid.], donäʔä 'to be deaf' (cf. likely related ENN dǝrõʔä, CHA GYE ṭǝräḳʷä, EZHA ṭǝräḳḳʷä do. [ibid.])
Notes: Poorly attested: ARB and ETH only.

    The meanings 'deaf and 'stupid' are often related in SEM.

    Note MOD ETH *dänḳʷärä 'to be deaf, dumb, stupid' [LGur 215] (discussion on the relations with the present root see [ibid.]); very likely related with suffixed -r.

    [DRS 285]: ETH, ARB

Number: 2255
Proto-Semitic: *dwm
Meaning: to be giddy; to have pain in the head
Akkadian: dâmu 'to be giddy, to stagger' SB [CAD d 80], [AHw 146].

    Not to confuse with damû 'to suffer from convulsions' SB on [CAD d 80], which may be derived either from *dmy/w (and then compared to the present root as a metathesis) or from *dwy 'to be ill' (see No. )

Arabic: duwām- 'vertige, tournoiement de la tête' [BK 1 753].

    Unless from dwm 'tourner, voltiger, etc.' [ibid. 753-3]

Jibbali: (?) edmím 'not to sleep because of ophtalmia pains' [JJ 39]
Notes: Scarcely attested and not quite reliable: chance coincidence of AKK and ARB (if derived from the verb 'to turn', see above) cannot be ruled out.

    Cf. END dām, ENN GYE dām_ 'sick person possessed by a spirit' [LGur 207]; semantically the connection is hard to prove (Leslau tends to connect it with dām 'master' [ibid.]).

    Cf. what can be probably regarded as a variant root (with *h- as a triconsonantizer?): ARB hdm 'avoir des vertiges et des nausées, avoir le mal de mer' [BK 2 1402] and GEZ haddama (also ḥaddama) 'to sleep, slumber; tell idle stories', mahaddamt (and maḥaddamt) 'dreaminess, reverie, phantom, idle stories, insanity, imagination, hallucination, etc.' [LGz 214-15].

    [DRS 236]: AKK, ARB

Number: 2256
Proto-Semitic: *d_bb {} *ǯbb
Meaning: to be mad, crazy
Akkadian: zabābu 'to be in a frenzy, to act crazily' SB [CAD z 1].

    Considered a hapax [ibid.]; in [AHw 1065] united with ṣbb 'unflattern'. This semantic and phonetic ambiguity is, however, irrelevant in view of the widespread SB derivative zabbu 'a type of ecstatic' recognized by both dictionaries ([CAD z 7], [AHw 1501])

Arabic: d_ibb- 'folie aiguẽ, fureur' [BK 1 762]; d_ubāb- 'folie, fureur' [ibid. 763]
Notes: Only AKK and ARB.

    [DRS 326]: AKK, ARB

Number: 2257
Proto-Semitic: *g(ʷ)ʕt_̣ {} *g(ʷ)ʕč̣
Meaning: to (be about to) vomit
Syrian Aramaic: gǝʕaṭ 'evomuit' [Brock 127]
Arabic: ǧaʕad_̣- 'qui fait le dégoûté, dificile à contenter dans la nourriture' [BK 1 300].

    In [DRS 165], LIB ǧaʕʕaṭ 'avoir du dégoût, avoir l'air de vouloir vomir' is also quoted with a remark "sans doute < syriaque"

Amharic: gʷaggʷäṭä 'to stimulate the throat in order to induce vomiting' [K 2058] (partial reduplication)
Notes: Cf. MND giuṭa 'disgrace, discomfiture, anger, retribution, malediction, anathema' [DM 89], with a plausible meaning shift; note also an ARM variant root *gʕṣ: MND GAṢ 'to loath, reject, vomit, abhore' [DM 78] and SYR gʕṣ 'taeduit eum, contempsit' [Brock 128].

    Cf. *gʕŝ, No. .

    [DRS 165]: SYR, MND (giuṭa), ARB (examples different from quoted above), AMH

Number: 2258
Proto-Semitic: *gbh_
Meaning: to be bald (usually on the forehead)
Akkadian: gubbuh_u (also ḳubbuh_u) 'bald' OB on [CAD G 117], [AHw 295]
Hebrew: gibbēăḥ 'with receding hair-line' [KB 173], gabbaḥat 'receding hair-line; bare spot' [ibid.]
Syrian Aramaic: gǝbāḥā 'calvus fronte' [Brock 101]
Notes: All forms attested belong to various deverbal patterns (note the purrus- pattern in AKK and the ḳiṭṭēl pattern in HBR, both typical of adjectives denoting various physical defects).

    Semantically and phonetically very likely contaminated with *gabh-(at-) 'forehead' (see Noun, No. ); cf. ARB ʔaǧbah- 'chauve' [BK 1 250] (-h instead of *-h_ through contamination with ǧabhat-?).

    [Maizel 174]; [KB 173]: HBR, SYR, AKK (ARB with -h also compared); [Brock 101]: SYR, HBR (ARB with -h also compared); [DRS 95]: AKK, HBR, SYR

Number: 2259
Proto-Semitic: *g(ʷ)ŝ1ʕ/ʔ {} *g(ʷ)ŝʕ/ʔ
Meaning: to belch, retch, vomit
Akkadian: gešû (u) 'to belch' SB [CAD G 64], [AHw 287]
Hebrew: gʕš (hitpo) 'to vomit loudly' [KB 200] (metathesis); cf. PB gʕš 'to cough or sneeze' [Ja 261-2]; gāsā 'to belch; to swallow large quantities at a time, glut; feel inflated, nauseous' [ibid. 260]
Syrian Aramaic: gǝsā 'eructavit' [Brock 126] (<*gsʔ)
Mandaic Aramaic: GSA, GUS 'to vomit, to belch' [DM 96, 84]
Arabic: ǧšʔ (a) 'roter' [BK 1 295]; DAT_ taǧaššaʕ do. [GD 283].

    Cf. ǧʕs 'rendre des excréments' [BK 1 300]

Geʕez (Ethiopian): gʷaŝʕa (ā) 'to belch, vomit' [LGz 205]
Tigre: gäsʕa 'to belch' [LH 580]
Tigrai (Tigriñña): gʷäsʕe 'erruttare' [Bass 873]
Amharic: gässa 'to belch, to emit blood' [K 1954], ARG (as)gessa [LGur 297]
East Ethiopic: HAR (?) giziʔ āša 'to belch' [LHar 77] (with unexpected -z-); SEL atgēsä, WOL atgesä (t-stem), ZWY gäsa 'to belch' [LGur 297]
Gurage: CHA, GYE gäsa, EZHA, MUH, MSQ, GOG, SOD agässa, END agässaʔa do. [ibid.]
Mehri: gǝŝō 'to belch, eructate' [JM 126]
Jibbali: s̃ǝgéŝi 'to belch' [JJ 80] (caus.), yǝŝgɛ́ŝaʕ (jussive) [ibid. 80] (a misprint for yǝs̃gɛ́ŝaʕ ?)
Harsusi: geŝō 'to belch (from over-eating)' [JH 42]
Soqotri: gšʕ 'roter' [LS 117]
Notes: [Fr 40] *-gšaʕ- 'ruttare': GEZ, ARB (ǧsʕ), HBR, AKK (in notes [ibid. 52], ARB ǧšʕ and SYR gǝsō are also compared); [DRS 167]: HBR (gʕš 'remuer, frémir' ascribed a meaning 'vomir' in PB is compared to ARB ǧʕs 'déféquer'); [DRS 194]: AKK, HBR PB (gāsā), ARM, ARB (ǧšʕ/ʔ 'roter', incl. dial.), MSA, ETH; [LGz 205]: GEZ, HRS, ARB (ǧšʔ), ARB DAT_ (ǧšʕ), SYR, MND, AKK, HBR; [KB 200]: HBR, ARB (ǧʕš 'to shit', ǧsʕ 'to vomit'), GEZ, TGR, AKK; [Brock 126]: SYR, ARB (ǧšʔ), GEZ, TNA
semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-hbr,semet-ara,semet-dial,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-hbr,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-ara,semet-gzz,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-dial,semet-gzz,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-uga,semet-hbr,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-hbr,semet-dial,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-hbr,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-gzz,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-uga,semet-hbr,semet-mnd,semet-tgr,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-tgr,semet-tgy,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-can,semet-hbr,semet-arm,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-east,semet-gur,semet-mhr,semet-jib,semet-hss,semet-soq,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-tgy,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-tgr,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-east,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-hbr,semet-tgr,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-gur,semet-mhr,semet-jib,semet-hss,semet-soq,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-gzz,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-east,semet-gur,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-ara,semet-jib,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-ara,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-syr,semet-ara,semet-amh,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-hbr,semet-syr,semet-notes,semet-proto,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-hbr,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-east,semet-gur,semet-mhr,semet-jib,semet-hss,semet-soq,semet-notes,
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