Meaning:to be imbecile, weak-minded, mad; mocked at
Akkadian:ulālu '(geistig) Schwacher' OB on [AHw 1407]
Hebrew:hll 'to be infatuated', (po.) 'to make look foolish; to make a mockery of', (hitpo.) 'to pretend to be mad; to act like a madman' [KB 249], hōlēlūt 'foolishness, blindness' [ibid. 242]
Both with a full stem reduplication. Cf. CLASS wahl- 'opinion, idée fausse qu'on se fait sur quelque chose' [BK 2 1616]. Cf. also MGHR (t-stem) thawwǝl 'se mettre en état d'excitation extatique' [DRS 387]
Geʕez (Ethiopian):hawlaya (also ḥawlaya, a graphic variant) 'to ridicule, mock, make fun of, jeer at, etc.' [LGz 220]
Uconvincingly compared [ibid.] to MHR ḥáywǝl (see in *ḥly 'to be sick, infirm') and HBR ʔä̆wīl 'foolish'
Notes:Originally rather a "biconsonantal" stem. Note various ways of triconsonantization in ETH and a full reduplication in ARB and SOQ.
[KB 249]: HBR, SYR, GEZ, TGR; [LGz 220]: GEZ, TGR, HBR, SYR (alternatively, the ETH forms are regarded as a variant of hbly "with a weakening of b", which is impossible)
Number:2262
Proto-Semitic:*ḥly
Meaning:to be sick, infirm
Akkadian:(?) h_alû 'to be sick' Mari [CAD 54].
Considered [ibid.] a W. SEM loan
Hebrew:ḥālā 'to grow weak, tired; to fall sick, to be ill' [KB 316]
Mandaic Aramaic:HLA 'to be weak, sick' [DM 148], haliuta 'a disease of the grain crops, a form of blight' [ibid. 121]; MAL ḥaila 'krank' [Berg 37] (under ḥyl)
Arabic:ḥll 'avoir des douleurs aux cuisses ou aux genoux (se dit de l'homme), avoir des douleurs aux jarrets (se dit du cheval)', ḥalal- 'affaiblissement des nerfs du pied (chez le cheval); douleur dans les cuisses et les genoux; faiblesse des jarrets (chez un chameau)' [BK 1 473]
Tigre:ḥǝlla 'agony, last hour of a dying person', ḥallälä 'to render unable' [LH 52]; cf. ḥalat 'a disease (of hair?)' [ibid. 55]. Cf. also täḥawälä 'to become unconscious' (otherwise < ḥawälä 'to calm', v.i.) [ibid. 89]
Mehri:ḥǝyūl 'to be afflicted with senile dementia' [JM 197]; ḥáywǝl 'to be mad' [ibid. 193]
Jibbali:ḥɛ́l 'to be senile' [JJ 121]
Soqotri:ḥáyil 'senile' [JJ 121] (not in [LS])
Notes:Cf. GEZ taḥalala (and tah_alala) 'to be restless, become tired' [LGz 261], with a plausible meaning shift.
Likely related is AMH allälä 'to mark out, set aside a place of isolation or quarantine, e.g. for s.o. who has a dangerous, contagious disease' [K 1102]; another meaning of the same verb, 'to be in heat (equines); to desire sex' [ibid.] may be a semantic shift from 'to be sick', but may alternatively relate to *hll 'to be imbecile, weak-minded, mad; mocked at'.
Note CAN: EG h_a=ru2=ʔu 'ailment of the eyes' [*h_alūʔu] сompared in [Hoch 248]. The comparison is difficult phonetically (SEM ḥ versus h_ in the Egyptian source); UGR h_l quoted by Hoch presumably to support the reconstruction with h_ does not mean 'sickness' but 'to have labour pains' and belongs to *h_ll/*h_yl, No. .
[KB 316]: HBR, ARM, TGR (also unconvincingly compared to ARB h_lw 'to be empty' and SAB ḥlʔ 'to do penance')
Number:2263
Proto-Semitic:*ḥlm
Meaning:to dream; to have nocturnal ejaculations when dreaming
Ugaritic:ḥlm 'sueño' [DLU 176]
Canaanite:PHO ḥlm 'to dream' [T 105]
Hebrew:ḥlm 'to dream' [KB 320].
Note the commentary to Ḳal: "to dream sexual dreams, then dreams in general" [ibid.]
Mandaic Aramaic:HLM 'to dream' [DM 149], also 'to be healthy, to recover health, to be cured' (ethpa.) [ibid.]; MAL ḥlm IV 'gnädig sein, träumen' [Berg 37]; HRT ḥelma ' Traum' [JHert 189]
Arabic:ḥlm 'rêver quelque chose; avoir la pollution nocturne' [BK 1 482]
Tigre:ḥalmä 'to dream', täḥallämä 'to dream; to have a pollution' [LH 53]
Tigrai (Tigriñña):ḥalämä 'sognare' [Bass 33]; cf. ḥǝlǝmḥǝlǝm bälä 'peritarsi, essere timido e vergognoso, p.e. ragazzo innanzi a persone estranee' [ibid. 34]
Amharic:allämä 'to dream'.
Note ḥǝlmä lelit and ḥǝlmä zǝmut 'wet dream' [ibid.] which look like a loan from GEZ because of the initial ḥ- (cf. GEZ ḥǝlm za-zǝmut given without translation in [Dillman 67])
Mehri:ḥáylǝm (yǝḥlōm) 'to dream' [JM 179]; ǝḥtǝlūm 'to have a nocturnal ejaculation when dreaming' [ibid.]
Jibbali:ḥélm (yaḥlúm) 'to dream' [JJ 110]; ḥɔ́tlǝm, aḥtélím 'to have a nocturnal ejaculation while dreaming' [ibid.]
Harsusi:ḥáylem 'to dream' [JH 59]
Soqotri:ḥlm 'rêver' [LS 176]
Notes:Note that t-stem everywhere (in SYR, TGR, MHR and JIB) means 'to have a nocturnal pollution'. Cf. SEM *ḥlm 'to become healthy, mature' (semantic development from 'to attain puberty, to have nocturnal ejaculations'?): UGR ḥlm 'animal desarrollado, maduro' [DLU 176], syllabic /ḥulmatu/ 'strength, potency, soundness' [Huehner 125]; HBR ḥlm 'to become strong (animals)', (Hip̄) 'to restore to health' [KB 320]; JUD ḥallīm 'sound, capable of restoration to the original strength or form' [Ja 468], ḥălam 'to have good humors, to be well' [ibid. 471], SYR ḥallīmā 'sanus, validus' [Brock 235], MND HLM 'to be healthy, to recover health, to be cured' (ethpa.) [DM 149]; ARB ḥalīm- 'doux, bon; arrivé à l'âge de la raison; gras (animal)' [BK 1 483].
[KB 320]: HBR, ARM, ARB, GEZ (united with ḤLM 'to be strong, to attain puberty': HBR, SYR, ARB, TGR); [Brock 234]: SYR, JUD, HBR, ARB, GEZ (treated separately from ḤLM 'to be strong, healthy'); [LGz 230]: GEZ, ARB, ARM, MSA, HBR, SAB, UGR
Number:2264
Proto-Semitic:*ḥlṣ {} *ḥlc̣
Meaning:to feel pain, be sick
Mandaic Aramaic:HLṢ 'to feel pain, give pain, cause pain' [DM 149]
Epigraphic South Arabian:SAB ḥlṣ 'sickness, malady' [SD 68].
Cf. also ḥlẓ 'to suffer from sickness' [ibid.], a variant root?
Notes:Not quite reliable: scarce evidence in MND and SAB only. Probably also ARB ḥṣl 'avoir la gravelle dans la vessie' [BK 1 442], with metathesis and a meaning change
Number:2265
Proto-Semitic:*h_yl
Meaning:to be in labor; have labor pains
Akkadian:h_âlu 'to be in labour' SB [CAD h_ 55], OB on [AHw 342]; h_īlū (pl.t.) 'labour pains' NA, SB [CAD h_ 189], [AHw 346]; h_ayyāltu 'woman in labour' SB [CAD h_ 32], [AHw 309]
Ugaritic:h_l 'retorcerse (de dolor de parto) [DLU 190], h_llt 'procreación, parto' [ibid. 192]
Canaanite:PHO (?) ḥl 'avoir des douleurs de l'enfantement' [JH 87].
Not found either in [T] or in [HJ]
Hebrew:ḥyl 'to be in labour' [KB 310]; also ḥīl, ḥīlā 'labour pains' [KB 312]
Amharic:ARG aliha 'pregnant' [LGur 37].
-h- needs to be explained
East Ethiopic:ZWY alu 'pregnant' [LGur 37]
Jibbali:mah_tél 'unborn baby which dissapears in the womb for a long time before coming back' [JJ 310].
Form with m- prefixed derived from the verbal t-stem
Notes:Note MSA *h_lš 'to give birth prematurely, abort': MHR ǝh_tōlǝh [JM 440], E. and C. JIB h_ɔ́tlǝš [JM 440], SOQ ḥlš [LS 178] (quoted as ḥtǝ́lǝhoh in [JM 440]); cf. also HRS eh_telōf 'to abort' [LH 140]. In both cases, the third radical remains unexplained.
Cf. ARB h_yl (IV) 'avoir du lait (se dit d'une chamelle)' [BK 1 657]; related with a meaning shift?
Meaning:'to have a notch, cut in the skin (nose, ear, lip)'
Hebrew:ḥārūm 'with a slit nose' [KB 354]
Judaic Aramaic:ḥărīm 'flat-nosed' [Ja 503]
Arabic:h_rm (i) 'percer a qn. l'isthme du nez', (a) 'avoir l'oreille percé, ou avoir le nez percé à l'isthme de manière à pouvoir y passer une boucle' [BK 1 565], ḫarmāʔ- 'oreille percée', ʔah_ram- 'qui a les narines percées; qui a l'isthne du nez fendu', ḫarmat- 'endroit où le nez est percé pour y passer une boucle' [ibid.]
Mehri:h_ǝrmīt 'notch, cut in the skin; hare-lip or comparable physical formation' [JM 447]
Jibbali:h_armét 'hare-lip; notch in the ear, nose, eyelid etc' [JJ 305]
Notes:Probably to be connected with SEM *h_rm 'to cut, split, divide' (cf. [LGz 264], [KB 354]).
Cf. *ŝ1rm {} *ŝrm 'to have a nose with a cut-off tip; to have a slit lip' (No. ).
[KB 354]: HBR, ARB
Number:2267
Proto-Semitic:*h_rš (1)
Meaning:to give birth, be in childbed
Akkadian:h_arāšu 'im Kindbett liegen' SB, NA [AHw 324] (left untranslated in [CAD h_ 96]); h_arištu 'woman in confinement' SB [CAD h_ 103], [AHw 326]
Arabic:h_arūs- 'femme qui conc̣oit pour la première fois; accouchée à qui on donne la nourriture qui convient à son état; femme qui a peu du lait' [BK 1 558]; h_rs (II) 'préparer et donner à l'accouchée l'aliment' [ibid. 557]
Geʕez (Ethiopian):h_aras, h_araŝa 'to bear a child, lie in bed when giving birth to a child' [LGz 264].
Note also h_arasa, h_araŝa 'to feed, nourish, take good care of someone by poperly feeding him' [ibid.]; see Leslau's comment: h_arasa is separated here from h_araŝa ... but in fact it is probably the same root with a different spelling and means 'to bear a child' and 'to feed (or take care of) the woman in childbed' [ibid.]
Tigre:ḥaras 'woman in childbed' [LH 67]
Tigrai (Tigriñña):ḥaräsä 'partorire' [Bass 43]
Amharic:aras 'woman in childbed', arräsä 'to take care of a parturient woman' [K 1146]; ARG haras 'accouché' [LGaf 182]
Gafat:aras 'accouché' [LGaf 182]
East Ethiopic:SEL arās, WOL ZWY aras 'woman in childbed' [LGur 91]
'binden, anbinden' SB [AHw 324]; in [CAD h_ 96] commented as: uncertain meaning, said of parts of the human body. However, at least two contexts clearly refer to mouth: (1) šumma pâ h_a-riš 'if (the) mouth is dumb (?)', (2) ina KA-ya /pīya/ h_a-riš) 'in(to) the dumb mouth of mine (?)' (cf. [ibid.])
Ugaritic:/h_a(r)rašu/ 'deaf' [Huehner 130] (alphabetically not attested)
Hebrew:ḥrš 'to be deaf' [KB 357]
Aramaic:DALLA ḥršn (pl.) 'deaf, deaf and dumb' (šmʕw ḥršn mn rḥḳ 'the deaf ones hear from afar'), OFF ḥrš 'deaf of ears' (ḥrš ʔdnyn), URUK h_a-ri-iš 'dumb' [HJ 409]
Judaic Aramaic:ḥrš 'to be choked, obstructed, deaf' [Ja 507]
Syrian Aramaic:ḥreš 'mutus fuit, tacuit' [Brock 259]
Mandaic Aramaic:HRS̆ 'to be deaf(-mute)' [DM 153]
Arabic:h_rs 'être muet' [BK 1 557]
Notes:Note ETH (related with a meaning shift?): GEZ note ḥarrasa 'sleep' [LGz 244] (Leslau compares it to TNA harräsä 'dormire' [Bass 4], AMH ǝrräš alä 'to sleep calmly, to be peaceful' [K 1147]).
Note what looks like a series of variant or contaminated roots: (1) *ḥgs > SYR ḥǝgīsā 'claudus' [Brock 214] (quoted by [LGz 237] as ḥaggīsā); (2) *ʕks > HBR ʕks 'to walk with jingling anklets' [KB 824] (connection with the present root considered unlikely in [LGz 237]), ARB ʕks 'attacher la bride du chameau à une des ses jambes de devant' [BK 2329] (for the semantic shift, cf. SYR ḥǝgīrā 'claudus' [Brock 214] < SEM ḥgr 'to bind, impede movement'); (3) *ʕkz > ARB ʕkz 's'appuyer sur son bâton', ʕakwaz- 'jambe de bois dont se sert celui qui est amputé d'une jambe' [BK 2 328]; (4) *ḥgz > ARB ḥǧz 'faire agenouiller un chameau', VII 'être retenu, contenu, et empêché de faire un movement', ḥāǧiz- 'corde avec laquelle on lie les pieds des chameaux' [BK 1 382-3]; *Hnḳs > GUR: CHA END GYE näḳäṣä (-ṣ <*-s due to -ḳ-), GOG aneḳḳäsä, EZHA MUH MSQ näḳḳ'äsä (EZ̆A also näḳḳ'äzä, another variant root?) 'to limp' [LGur 459-60].
[Brock 214]: SYR, GEZ; [LGz 237]: GEZ, ARB DAT_, SYR
Number:2272
Proto-Semitic:*ḥyṣ̂ {} *ḥyĉ̣
Meaning:to menstruate
Arabic:ḥyḍ 'avoir ses règles' [BK 2 526]
Epigraphic South Arabian:SAB ḥyḍ 'menstruating woman' [SD 74]
Soqotri:ḥyḍ 'avoir ses règles' [LS 173].
Cf. maḥḍéḍoh (part. f.) 'chèvre dont le lait ne doit pas être bu par une femme ni être mis dans une outre' [ibid. 187]
Notes:Scarcely attested in South SEM area only.
TGR ḥed 'menstruation' [LH 94] is a borrowing of ARB ḥayḍ-.
Note MHR ḥīŝôt, with -ŝ- instead of the expected -ṣ̂-, quoted in [LS 173] without translation implying the same meaning as in SOQ, i.e. 'to menstruate'; not found in [JM]. Cf. JIB aḥbéz_́ (caus.) 'to bleed profusely' (also 'to make a cistern') [JJ 121] placed under ḥwẓ̂ and probably derived from the present root with a meaning shift.
[LS 173]: SOQ, ARB, SAB
Number:2273
Proto-Semitic:*kʔb
Meaning:to suffer pain
Hebrew:kʔb (a) 'to be in pain' [KB 454]
Judaic Aramaic:kǝʔēb 'to be heavy, to feel pain' [Ja 606]
Arabic:ḳdḥ (II) 's'enfoncer dans l'orbite (se dit de l'oeil); amaigrir exprès (son cheval)' [BK 2 684]
Geʕez (Ethiopian):ḳadḥa 'to be sick, perspire, have diarrhea' [LGz 421]
Amharic:ḳädda 'to have copious diarrhea'.
Cf. another meaning of the same verb, 'to pour a liquid' [K 817]
Notes:Represents various manifestations and after-effects of this condition (such as fever, perspiration, eye-disease, emaciation, diarrhea, etc.). A wide diversity of meanings makes a common semantic reconstruction somewhat difficult.
Must be eventually derived from SEM *ḳdḥ 'to light up fire': HBR ḳādaḥ 'to set fire to' [KB 1067], PHO ḳdḥ 'to light' [T 284]; SYR ḳǝdaḥ 'incendit' [Brock 645]; ARB ḳdḥ 'chercher à tirer du feu à l'aide d'un briquet' [BK 2 683]; SOQ ḳadaḥ 'to catch fire' [LS 367].
Note ETH EAST: SEL ḳōže, WOL ḳože, ZWY ḳuǯi 'to have dysentery, rust' [LGur 514] and GUR: CHA ḳʷäžä, EZHA MUH MASQ ḳʷäžžä do. [ibid. 514]. These examples may be related to the present root or go down to *ḳzy, as Leslau asserts comparing them to AMH ḳäzzänä 'to have dyzentery', AMH ARG ḳǝzän 'excrement' [ibid. 513], with -z- clearly coming from *z and not *d; on palatalization of d to ž see [ibid. XLIV], on d:ǯ and z:ž see [ibid. LVII].
[AHw 921]: AKK, HBR, ARM, ARB; [KB 1067]: HBR, ARM; [LGz 421]: GEZ, HBR (Leslau tends to derive the GEZ and AMH verbs meaning 'to have diarrhea' from "an original meaning of piercing the stomach", GEZ ḳadḥa; at the same time, he admits the possibility of connecting it with SEM *ḳdḥ 'to burn' and HBR ḳaddaḥat, in Leslau's transcription qad_aḥat_, 'fever')
Number:2275
Proto-Semitic:*ḳry/ʔ
Meaning:to have effusion (menstruation, pollution)
Only in Dt 23:11; in spite of SEM cognates quoted in [KB 1138], still strangely interpreted there as a derived noun of the verb ḳry 'to meet, befall, happen'. Note also PB māḳōr 'the interior of the womb from where the menses are discharged' [Ja 830]
Judaic Aramaic:ḳaryā 'pollution' [Ja 1419].
United under the same heading with ḳaryā 'accident, mishap' < ḳry (Ithpe.) 'to do something by accident, to happen' [ibid. 1418]
Arabic:ḳrʔ 'avoir ses règles finies (se dit d'une femme qui vienne de les avoir)' [BK 2 701]; ḳarʔ-, ḳurʔ- 'menstrues des femmes, temps où la femme a ses règles' [ibid. 702]
Gurage:(?) CHA EZHA yǝšta ḳar, GYE ǝʔǝšta ḳar 'menses' [LGur 697] (also ENN ǝʔǝ̃šča aʔar, MUH yǝšǝttuʔe do. [ibid.]).
Explained by Leslau as 'the thing of the women': ǝšta, etc. meaning 'women' [ibid. 102]; ḳar, aʔar, ʔe representing *ḳal 'word, voice, sound, thing' < SEM *ḳāl- 'word; voice' [ibid. 474]. The second component of this word-combination, ḳar, is better comparable to the present root
Notes:Alternatively, a nominal root *ḳVry/ʔ- 'effusion (menstruation, pollution)' can be reconstructed, verbal forms to be considered as denominal.
Note AKK ḳurḳurû 'blood soup' SB (LL) [CAD ḳ 319], 'eine Suppe' [AHw 930] (= SUM tu7.mud.gar.ra). Can it be a reduplication of the present root with a specific meaning shift from 'blood effusion'?
Cf. MSA: JIB eḳǝrér '(cow) to be in rut' [JJ 148] (note also mǝḳǝrɛ́rt 'anus' [ibid.]), with a very likely semantic development.
Meaning:to have/make a hairless spot (on the head), to become/make bald
Hebrew:ḳrḥ 'to have one's head shaved' [KB 1140]; ḳorḥā 'bald patch' [ibid. 1141]
Judaic Aramaic:ḳǝraḥ 'to make bald, to become bald' [Ja 1415], ḳurḥătā, ḳūraḥtā 'baldness of the back of the head' [ibid. 1342]; ḳrḥ 'to make bald' [Sok 504], ḳrḥh, det. ḳrḥth 'baldness' [ibid.], ḳryḥh, det. ḳryḥth do. [ibid. 505]
Arabic:ḳurḥat- 'petite tache blanche au front d'un cheval' [BK 2 707].
Note that the basic meaning of the verb is 'être couvert d'ulcères' [ibid.]. Cf. ḳrʕ 'être chauve' [ibid. 717] (a variant root)
Tigre:ḳärḥit '(horse) with a blaze and white hoofs' [LH 239]; ḳǝruḥ 'with a white forehead, with a blaze and white hoofs' [ibid.]
Tigrai (Tigriñña):ḳʷärḥe 'fare qualche segno in fronte ecc. ad una bestia per riconoscerla' [Bass 289].
Cf. ḳäränḳära 'teschio (fig. - calvo)' [ibid. 255] (reduplicated stem with a secondary -n-); semantic interpretation should possibly be reverse: 'bald' > 'skull'
Gurage:SOD ḳʷärrärä 'to become bald', ḳorara 'bald' [LGur 500]
Notes:Choice of anatomic meanings related to 'baldness' as the primary ones is rather arbitrary as they are hard to separate from the verb with a non-anatomic meaning 'to shave'; note that only the latter is represented in GEZ ḳarrǝḥa, ḳʷarrǝḥa, ḳarḥa 'to shave, to make bald' (ḳʷǝrḥat 'clipping, shaving, tonsure, coronation') [LGz 441] and MSA: MHR ḳáwrǝḥ 'to shave' [JM 235], HRS ḳerōḥ 'to shave' [JH 77], JIB ḳérḥ 'to cut all the hair off' [JJ 149].
A nominal stem *ḳʷVrḥ-at- or *ḳurḥ-at- reflected in HBR, ARM, ARB and GEZ is reliably reconstructed as common SEM.
AKK ḳarruh_u 'kahlköpfig' NA [AHw 905] is considered an Aramaic loanword [ibid.].
AMH ḳʷǝrḥat 'tonsure' [K 718] is borrowed from GEZ [LGz 441].
[Maizel 166,183] (ARB ʔaḳraʕ- 'bald' is compared); [KB 1140]: HBR, ARM, GEZ, ARB (ʔaḳraʕ- and ḳarāḥ- 'mown field'); [Brock 693]: SYR, JUD, HBR, ARB (ʔaḳraʕ- and ḳarāḥ-, ḳirwāḥ- do.); [LGz 441]: GEZ, HBR, MHR, ARB ḳarāḥ- (no ETH forms except AMH are quoted)
Arabic:ḳurd- 'teigne qui attaque les chevaux, les chameaux' [BK 2 709]; cf. ḳarad- 'laine qui tombe des animaux vivants' [ibid], ḳrd (a) 'tomber (se dit de la laine qui tombe de la brebis); être rongé par les vers (se dit du cuir); être crêpu (les cheveux)' [ibid.]
Notes:As an anatomic term only in AKK and ARB.
Note HBR PB ḳrd 'to scrape, curry' [Ja 1412], with a possible meaning shift from 'to remove hair'. SYR ḳerdā 'ricinus, r. communis' [Brock 693] is also probably related with the underlying meaning 'the parasite insect causing fall of hair'.
Cf. what looks like a variant root *g(ʷ)rd 'to scrape, remove hair by scraping' which, for its non-anatomic meaning in most languages, is not included as a separate entry: AKK gurrudu 'bald' in PN (?) OB [CAD g 141] (variant of ḳurrudu [ibid. ḳ 319]), gardu 'mit schütterem Haar?' (variant of ḳardu) [AHw 903]; PHO mgrdm (pl.) 'scraper' [T 165], HBR grd (hitpa) 'to scrape oneself' [KB 202]; JUD gǝrad 'to scrape, comb, strip' [Ja 265], SYR grd 'abrasit', gǝrādā 'calvus' [Brock 132], MND grida 'scraped' [DR 96]; ARB ǧrd (-a-) 'n'avoir pas de cheveux ou de poil; dépouille la peau du poil, raser le poil' [BK 1 276]; MHR agōrǝd [JM 124], JIB egōrd [JJ 78] 'to cut the hair of the forehead (us. women)'. Cf. various semantic developments in ETH (GEZ grd 'remove chaff' [LGz 201], TGR gǝrǝd 'chaff' [LH 577], TNA gurdi do. [not in Bass], gʷärädä 'mozzare, tagliare orecchi, etc.' [Bass 871], gʷärrädä 'granire cereali' [ibid.], AMH gǝrd, gʷǝrdo 'chaff and other trash from grain' [K 1940], gʷärrädä 'to cut off, to chap off' [ibid.]) and MSA 'to undress; cut (a branch)' (MHR gǝrōd [JM 124], JIB gɔ́rɔ́d [JJ 78]).
Amharic:ḳʷǝḳḳ alä 'to break winds almost imperceptibly, to let a series of farts, to make a noise in vomiting'' [K 761].
Note reduplication in the quasi-verbal element ḳʷǝḳḳ
Mehri:ḳáwya [JM 246]
Jibbali:ḳéʔ [JJ 156]
Harsusi:ḳéwya [JH 80]
Soqotri:ḳéʔ 'cracher' [LS 370]
Notes:
[Fr 39]: *-ḳyiʔ- 'vomitare', *ḳayʔ- 'vomito' (GEZ, ARB, HBR, AKK) ; [KB 1096]: HBR, AKK, GEZ, TGR, ARB; [LGz 456]: GEZ, AKK (glossed as "West Semitic", probably misinterpretation of [AHw 284], where "wsem ḳyʔ" is evidently compared as a cognate, not as a source of borrowing into AKK), ARB, HBR, SOQ
Number:2279
Proto-Semitic:*mh_ṣ̂ {} *mh_ĉ̣
Meaning:to have labor pains
Arabic:mh_ḍ (a/i/u) 'éprouver les douleurs de parturition' [BK 2 1073]
Amharic:mǝṭ 'pangs of labour or childbirth' [K 352]
East Ethiopic:WOL amaṭ-ti, ZWY tāmǝṭǝ-nāt 'to feel labour pains' [LGur 436]
Gurage:CHA EZ̆A MUH MSQ GOG SOD (a)mäṭä-čč, GYE am_ā̃ṭä-č, END amāʔä-čč, ENN am_ǟ̃ʔä-čǝ do. [ibid.]
Notes:Though likely derived from SEM *mh_ṣ̂ 'to smite' (see in [KB 571], [LGz 338]), a parallelism in ARB and ETH is hardly a fortuitous result of independent semantic development.
