Баскская этимология : Результат запроса

PROTO: *guti

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: few, a little

BZK: (gitxi)

GIP: (gutxi)

ANV: guti

BNV: guti

SAL: guttu

LAB: guti, gutti

BZT: (gutxi)

ZBR: gǘti

COMMENTS: Variants with /č/ have been attributed to expressive palatalization, but more likely to a separate etymon: *giči.

PROTO: *habe

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 beam, rafter 2 column 3 sticks used to prop plants 4 tree 5 pillar

BZK: abe 1, (arc) 4

GIP: abe 1, 2

ANV: abe 1, 2, 3

LAB: habe 1

ZBR: hábe 1, 5

COMMENTS: Some writers have used this word to denote the (Holy) Cross.

PROTO: *hać

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 breath, breathing 2 stench, stink 3 air, atmosphere 4 anger

BZK: ats 2, egur-ats, egur-as 3, as-erre, as-arre 4

GIP: asa 1, ats 2, egur-ats, egur-as 3, as-erre, as-arre 4

ANV: ats 1

BNV: hats 1, has-erre 4

LAB: hats 1, 2, has-erre, has-arre 4

BZT: as-erre, as-arre 4

ZBR: hats 1

RNC: ats, as 1, 2

COMMENTS: The words for 'air, atmosphere' are literally 'day breath' (*egur-hać), the words for anger probably 'hot breath' (cf. *er̄e 'to burn'). As far as we know, the only NC cognates are in Nakh languages (*ħač̣ 'odor').

PROTO: *Hace

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 back part, posterior 2 stranger, outsider 3 track, footprint 4 tail

BZK: atze 1

GIP: atze 1, atze-gi 4

ANV: atze 1

BNV: hatz 3

SAL: atze 2

LAB: atze 2, hatz 3

ZBR: atze 2

COMMENTS: For meaning cf. Ubykh ǯa 'back part' (< *'back half').

PROTO: *hac, *be=hac

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 finger 2 fingernail 3 toe 4 hoof 5 thumb 6 inch 7 paw

BZK: atz 1, 6; beatz, biatz 3, atzazal, atzazkol, atzoskol 2

GIP: azkazal, azkazkal 4, beatz, biatz 1, 5, beatzal, beatzazal 2

ANV: azkazal 4, beatz, biatz 1, 5

BNV: hatz 7, behatz 1, 5, (Aldude) bihatz 1, 5

SAL: atz 7

LAB: hatz 7, 8, behatz 2, (Ainhoa) behatz 2, 5

BZT: beatz-andi 5

ZBR: hatz 7, behatz 1, 5, ehi-behatz 5, azazkǘlü, azüzkülü 2

RNC: atz 7

COMMENTS: Only some of the many derivates of this prolific root are listed. The homonyms *hac 'track, footprint' and *hac 'breed, race' are separate etyma: see *hace 'back part' and *hasi 'grow', respectively.

PROTO: *(hac)-tapa-r̄

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 finger 2 paw 3 claw (of bird), talon 4 (worker's) hand

BZK: atzamar 1

GIP: atzapar 3

ANV: atzapar 3, (Esteribar) aztapar 2

BNV: aztapar 2

LAB: atzapar 3

BZT: aztapar 2

ZBR: aztápar 2, 4

RNC: aztapar 2

COMMENTS: Analyzed here as a compound of Bsq *hac 'finger' (q.v.) + PSC *[ṭ]wǝbí 'finger'. The difficult cluster /tst/ was simplified to /st/ in the East, /ts/ in the West, and in BZK folk etymology has changed the last two syllables to match *hamaṙ ‘ten’ (q.v.).

PROTO: *haga

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: long pole, rod; rod (measurement)

BZK: aga

GIP: aga

ANV: aga

BNV: haga

LAB: haga

ZBR: hága

PROTO: *hagin

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 tooth (incisor) 2 to bite 3 molar tooth 4 eye-tooth, canine 5 teeth (teeth and molars)

BZK: agin 1, aginka egin 2

GIP: agin 3, ortzagin 4, 5

ANV: agin 3, ortzagin 5

BNV: hagin 3, ortzagin 5

LAB: hagin 3, ortzagin 5

ZBR: hágin 3, ortzagin 5

RNC: ortzagin 5

COMMENTS: See also *le-t-hagin 'eye-tooth, canine tooth, fang', *horc 'tooth'.

PROTO: *hag^(w)une ~ *gahune

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: foam, froth

ANV: hagun, (Garazi) agun

SAL: agun

LAB: habuiñ, (Ainhoa) haboin

ZBR: gahǘn

RNC: águn

PROTO: *haice

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 tree 2 suffix on tree names 3 wild tree

BZK: (Markina, Txorierri) zu-gatz 3

GIP: (Bidania, Usurbil) zu-gaitz 3, (Andoain) zu-aitz 1

BNV: zu-haitz 1, -tze 2

LAB: zu-haitz 1

ZBR: zü-haitz, zü-haintze 1, -tze 2

RNC: atze 1

COMMENTS: ZBR -haintze probably blended with *-hamu (q.v.). Cf. the similar, but originally distinct, *haraic 'oak'. A reduced form *(h)es- appears in some words: see Bsq *es-pel 'box (tree)', *(h)es-kur̄ 'acorn'.

PROTO: *(H)aiɫa

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 tail (of animals) 2 stem (of fruits, leaves)

BZK: ailla 1, 2

COMMENTS: Cf. PEC *χǖɫV 'stalk, grass'.

PROTO: *Hainc-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 (hard) frost 2 very strong ice 3 very cold wind

BZK: antzigar, (Oñate) aintzigar, (Orozko) intziar 2, (Galdakano) 3

GIP: antzigar, intziar, (Andoain) aintzigar

COMMENTS: A compound of *Hainc- + *eihar̄ 'dry'. Cf. PNC *jămʒĂ 'snow'.

PROTO: *hai(n)cur̄

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 hoe 2 spade 3 pickax, mattock

BZK: atxur 2

GIP: aitzur 2

ANV: aitzur 2

BNV: haitzur, aintzur 1, 2

LAB: haintzur 2

ZBR: háitzür 1, 2, 3

RNC: aintzur 1

COMMENTS: It is unclear whether the words mean 'hoe' or 'spade': Span. azada can mean either. Larrasquet (1939) has 'pioche (mais non bêche ni houe)' (for ZBR). Jacobsen (1995: 131) mentions "Eastern forms for 'hoe' ... (h)aintzur, antxur, and altxur," and mentions the association (probably secondary) with *ɦaic 'rock' (q.v.). Several external parallels are possible: PNC *HăjʒV̄ 'chisel'; PNC *Hrājc_ū 'wooden plow, mattock'; PEC *ɦwālźV 'axe'; or *=ämźŬ 'to plow, sow', or perhaps some contamination between two or more of these. *hai(n)cur̄ may have influenced *haiskora 'axe' (usually derived from Lat. asciola). Cf. also Trask (1997: 289).

PROTO: *hain, *honi

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 so, so much 2 many, much 3 complete, complete number

BZK: ain 1

GIP: ain 1, anitz 2

ANV: ain 1, (Esteribar) anitz 2

BNV: hain 1, hanitz 2, honi 3

SAL: anitz 2

LAB: hain 1, anhitz 2

AZK: anitz 2

ZBR: hain, han 1, hanitx 2

RNC: ain 1, anitx 2

COMMENTS: H. Berger (1956) compared Bsq honi with Bur. *jṓn.

PROTO: *hai(n)sto / hai(n)stu-r̄

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 knife 2 (large) shears 3 pincers, pliers

ANV: ainzto 1, aiztur 2

BNV: haiztur 2, haixtur 2

SAL: aiztur 2

LAB: haiztur 2, haixtur 2

BZT: aiztur 2

ZBR: háxtür 2

RNC: ainzto, aizto 1, aiztur, aizter, ainzter 2, ainztur 3

COMMENTS: Apparently some of these words and Bsq *hai(n)cu-r̄ ‘hoe, axe’ (q.v.) have cross-contaminated with each other and with *ɦaic ‘rock’ (q.v.).

PROTO: *ha, *ha-u(r)

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: this (near deictic)

BZK: au

GIP: au

ANV: au, (Elkano) gau

BNV: hau, haur

SAL: kau

LAB: hau

BZT: au

AZK: gau

ZBR: hau(r)

RNC: kau(r)

PROTO: *ha[l]i

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: thread, yarn, wire

BZK: ari / al-

GIP: ari / al-

ANV: ari / al-

BNV: hari / hal-

LAB: hari / hal-

ZBR: hari / hal-

RNC: ari / al-

COMMENTS: The variant *hal- appears in derivates and compounds, e.g. haliko (BNV), halliko (ZBR), aliko (RNC) 'ball of thread'. Cf. PEC *χ_āɫV 'sinew, thread'.

PROTO: *hama-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: ten

BZK: amar, ama-

GIP: amar, ama-

ANV: amar, ama-

BNV: hamar, hama-

LAB: hamar, hama-

ZBR: hámar, hama-

RNC: amar, ama-

COMMENTS: Cf. PEC *χ_ŏmHχ_ɨ ~ *mHŏχ_ɨ 'handful'. 'Ten' < 'hand' is common in the world's languages.

PROTO: *ha[m]ar̄

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: worm

BZK: aar, (arc) haar

GIP: ar

ANV: ar

BNV: har

LAB: har

ZBR: har

RNC: ãr

COMMENTS: haar was an Old BZK recording from 1596 (Michelena 1961: 114). Evidence for nasal only in RNC. Words for worms, snakes, lizards often show irregular reflexes: cf. *linda(ra), *śuśker̄ 'lizard', *erluli 'salamander'.

PROTO: *hamu

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: tree

BNV: zu-hamu

LAB: zu-hamu

ZBR: zü-hain, zü-háñ, zü-háintze

COMMENTS: Cf. PNC *ʁwōnV 'tree'. Compound with *sul (q.v.). ZBR zü-háintze seems to be contaminated with *haice 'tree' (q.v.).