COMMENTS:If Bsq *-ɦarde is related to PEC *jă[l]ƛwV, the segment *śa- indicates some kind of compound word (there is no Bsq prefix *śa-), perhaps a haplologic compound with Bsq *śarha-tu 'to clear land', i.e. *śarha-ɦarde > *śáɦarde (?), suggested by the meaning 'rake'. The oldest meanings denote various kinds of wooden implements, with varying numbers of wooden prongs or tines, with 'dinner fork' being the most recent. ZBR sardieta was apparently blended with Rom. (cf. Fr. fourchette).
COMMENTS:Azkue interpreted *zaki (our *saki) as 'bone', appearing only in compounds, here with *lepo 'neck', *urde 'pig', and berna 'calf (of leg)' (< Lat. perna).
COMMENTS:*čakur̄ / *šakur̄ was originally the diminutive form, but has lost that connotation in some dialects and become the default word for 'dog'. With metathesis, cf. Sp. cachorro 'puppy', Port. cachorro 'dog' (hardly < Lat. catulus!).
MEANING:1 net(work) 2 grill in front of manger 3 manger 4 sheepfold, barn
BZK:sare, sale 1, 2, sal-etxe 4
GIP:sare 1, saroi, sal-etxe 4, (Andoain) sarobe 4
ANV:sare 1, 2, saroe, saroi 4, (Erroibar) sario 4
BNV:sare 1, 3, saroi 4
SAL:saure 4
LAB:sare 1, (Ainhoa) saroi 4
BZT:sare 2
AZK:sario 4
ZBR:sare 1, sarĩ 4
RNC:sare 1, saroĩ 4
COMMENTS:In compounds, e.g. BZK burdin-sare 'iron grill', etc. Words of the type saroi, saroe, saure, sarobe are < *sar- + *ohe 'bed' (q.v.); sal-etxe, see Bsq *e=će 'house'.
COMMENTS:Cf. PEC *š_VmV / *mVš_V 'edge, spine'. This word also occurs in compounds: sama-ko min ‘angina’, sama-ste ‘gullet’ (‘beginning of the neck’), sama-zulo ‘gullet’ (‘neck hole’), etc. Azkue denotes this word as BZK, but also remarks that the Gipuzkoan writer Joan Antonio Mogel (Moguel, 18th c.) used it.
COMMENTS:Apparently < PSC *sɨ̄́nŏ + (diminutive) *-ḳV. Bouda (1948) compared Bsq zanko, zango + Lak s:an 'foreleg'. The commonly supposed derivation from Old Persian zanga ‘leg’ (REW, etc.) is historically and geographically fanciful. As can be seen, this word is deeply embedded in Bsq and apparently has a long history in the language. Vasconic > Spanish > Italian is much more plausible.
MEANING:1 bramble, thicket 2 brush, undergrowth 3 kermes oak 4 scrub of evergreen oak or holm oak 5 hedge, fence
BNV:sapar 1, saparr-ondo 1, (Amikuse) saphar 5
SAL:txaparro 4
LAB:(Bardos) saphar 5
RNC:txapar 2, 3
COMMENTS:A northeastern Bsq (Pyrenean) etymon. SAL and RNC forms with expressive palatal /č/. This word is the source of Spanish chaparro 'low bushy oak', chaparral 'oak thicket'.
COMMENTS:Oihenart (17th c.) cited the archaic Bsq form çarci = zarzi [sarsi]; Bsq (Vasconic) is the likely source of Span. zarza, Port. sarça. These forms (and Burushaski *ćhaṣ ‘buckthorn’) suggest that the word originally had two different sibilants, later assimilated in most SC languages: Bsq *śarsi > *śaśi.
COMMENTS:The forms zeren and zegen are by irregular expressive changes, common in words for insects and other small creatures.Cf. PNC *sindV 'a k. of insect' (moth, tick, spider).
