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Баскская этимология :

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\data\sinocauc\basqet
PROTO: *si(n)ho
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 fat, grease, tallow 2 cover oneself with grease, (oil) to coagulate
BNV: ziho 1
BZT: zigo 1
ZBR: zího 1
RNC: zĩa-tu 2
PROTO: *sinV
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 acorn 2 acorn cup
SAL: zi 1, zii-kaxola 2
BZT: zii-kaxola 2
ZBR: zĩ 1, (Garazi) ziĩ 1
RNC: zĩ 1, (Vidángoz) ziĩ 1
COMMENTS: For semantics of Bsq ‘acorn’ ~ PNC ‘fruit’, cf. Eng. acorn ~ Old Norse akarn ‘fruit of wild trees, mast’, including but not restricted to acorns ~ Gothic akarn ‘fruit of the field, harvest’.
PROTO: *siri-n
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 excrement (of birds) 2 dysentery 3 to have dysentery
BZK: zirin 1
GIP: zirin 1
SAL: zirin-du 3
LAB: zirin-eri 2, zirin-du 3
BZT: zirin 1, zirin-eri 2, zirin-du 3
ZBR: zirin-eri 2, zirin-tü 3
RNC: zirin-tu 3, (Uztárroz) zirin-eri 2
COMMENTS: Azkue cites zirin 'diarrhea' as "c" (common Bsq).
PROTO: *sirsu- > *sincu-r̄
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 throat 2 nape
GIP: zintzur 1
ANV: zintzur 1, zurzuil 2
BNV: zintzur, zinzur 1
LAB: (Ainhoa) zintzur 1
BZT: zurzulo 2
ZBR: züntzür 1, (Maule) zursuil
RNC: tzuntzur, txuntxur 1
COMMENTS: Apparently *sirsu-r̄ > *sincu-r̄; *sirsu-lo > sursulo; Cf. PEC *ćwĭrs_V 'gullet'. Or zurzulo could be by haplology < *sincur̄-suɫɦo 'throat-tube' (see *suɫɦo).
PROTO: *sisa-li / *sisa-ni
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 worm 2 leech
BZK: uzan 2
GIP: zizari 1, txitxare 1, izaiñ, izai 2
ANV: zizari, zizare 1, izaiñ, izai 2, (Elkano) zirain 2
BNV: zizari 1, xixain 2, itxain 2
SAL: xixare 1
LAB: zizari, zizare 1, xixain 2
BZT: zizari 1, xixari 1
AZK: zirain 2
ZBR: zizari 1, xixari 1, zizein, zizeñ 2, xixain, xixein 2
COMMENTS: In some but not all dialects the default form (zizari, zizare) denotes 'earthworm' and palatal forms (xixari, txitxare, etc.) denote intestinal worms. It is also possible that all or some of the Bsq words are related instead to PEC *ǯimǯV (~ *ʒ́imʒ́V) ‘leech; a biting insect’, or that the latter is an expressive variant of PEC *sēmsā.
PROTO: *sisVr̄ / *sistor̄
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 icicle 2 hail
ANV: ziztor 1, zizor-ka 2
BNV: (Aldude) ziztor 1
SAL: ziztor 1
BZT: zizer-kora 2
COMMENTS: Cf. PEC *sɨ̄rVsV 'hoar-frost, icicle'. Cf. Basque ziztor 'a special sausage made for St. Thomas' day (Dec. 21)', (LAB) zizter 'chorizo, a kind of sausage', probably based on shape like an icicle.
PROTO: *soc
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: spigot, faucet
BZK: zotz, upa-zotz
GIP: zotz, upa-zotz, upa-txotx
COMMENTS: Common Bsq *soc (zotz) ‘stick, toothpick’. The western Bsq meaning ‘tap, spigot’ is apparently a development of ‘stick (inserted into hole of a cask)’. Apparently NC has preserved only the specialized meaning, though attested in only three languages (Chechen, Lezgi, Kryz).
PROTO: *soha-r̄
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 clear, serene 2 clear sky 3 to clear (sky, weather)
BNV: zohar-di 2
ZBR: zohar 1, zohar-di 2, zohar-tü 3
COMMENTS: The Bsq-NC comparison requires metathesis such as *HúǯV ~ *ǯúHV = Bsq *soha-. Note similar rhotic suffixes in Bsq *soha-ṙ ~ Udi mu=č̉:u-r.
PROTO: *śoin
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 shoulder 2 (upper) back 3 midsection of pig (tenderloin) 4 garment, vestment
BZK: soin 1, 4, soin-buru 2, sor-buru 2
GIP: soin 1, 4, sor-buru 2
ANV: soin 1, 3, 4, soin-buru 2, soin-gain 1
BNV: soin 1, 3, soin-gain 1, soiñ-egi 1, soin-buru 2
SAL: soin 1, soin-buru 2
LAB: soin 1, 3, 4, soin-buru 2, soin-gain 1
BZT: soin 1, soin-buru 2
ZBR: suin, suñ 1, 3, süñ-hegi 1
RNC: soin 1, 4, soin-buru 2, soin-gain 1
COMMENTS: This word has a stem variant *śor̄-: see BZK, GIP sor-buru (above) and *śor̄-ba[r]da (q.v.).
PROTO: *solhi
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 luck, fortune 2 (propitious) moment 3 omen 4 ripe, mature 5 nimble, agile, keen (sense) 6 sore, inflamed
BZK: zori 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; zoli 4, 5, 6
GIP: zori 1, 2, 4
ANV: zori 1, 2, 4
BNV: zori 1, 2, 4
LAB: zori 1, 2, zorhi 4
ZBR: zórhi 1, 2
RNC: zori 2, 4
PROTO: *śolho
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 meadow 2 field 3 field (prepared for sowing) 4 aftergrowth, second cutting (of grass, hay) 5 small plot or plaza where the youth gather to dance 6 estate, farm
ARB: soro 6
BZK: solo 3
GIP: soro 2
ANV: (Irun) soro 1
BNV: sorho 4
LAB: sorho 1
BZT: soro 4, 5
ZBR: sórho 1
COMMENTS: This word is usually thought to be a loanword from Lat. solum, but it is phonetically and semantically distinct from the actual Bsq loanword zoru 'ground, floor'. Cf. PNC *č_Häɫu 'earth, ground, sand' (31).
PROTO: *śor̄-
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: shoulder
BZK: sor-buru
GIP: sor-buru
LAB: sor-balda
COMMENTS: Azkue cites sorbalda as common Basque, but dialects use various other words for 'shoulder', cf. *śoin. It is also possible that *śor̄- is a stem variant of *śoin.
PROTO: *sor̄i
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 louse 2 tick
BZK: zorri 1, lapa-zorri 2
GIP: zorri 1, lapa-zorri 2
ANV: zorri 1, lapa-zorri 2
BNV: zorri 1
SAL: zorri 1
LAB: zorri 1
BZT: zorri 1
AZK: zorri 1
ZBR: zorri 1
RNC: zorri 1
COMMENTS: Rather surprisingly, there seems to exist no expressive/diminutive form, which would be *xorri /šor̄i/ or *txorri /čor̄i/, depending upon dialect.
PROTO: *sor̄oc
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 whetted, sharpened 2 shrewd, sly 3 severe, exacting
BZK: zorrotz 1, 2
GIP: zorrotz 1, 2
ANV: zorrotz 1, 2
BNV: zorrotz 1, 3
LAB: zorrotz 1, 3
ZBR: zorrotz 1, 2, 3
RNC: zorrotz 1
COMMENTS: Cf. *o=r̄ac 'needle, pin', another configuration of the same root.
PROTO: *soso ~ *šošo
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: blackbird (Turdus merula)
BZK: zozo
GIP: zozo
ANV: zozo
BNV: xoxo, (Aldude) zozo
LAB: xoxo
BZT: zozo
ZBR: xoxo
RNC: xoxo
COMMENTS: xoxo [šošo] is the diminutive/expressive variant, generalized as the unmarked term in northeastern dialects. Cf. PNC *šVnšV / *čVnčV 'a kind of bird' (Chechen šoršal 'thrush, blackbird', etc.).
PROTO: *śu
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: fire
BZK: su
GIP: su
ANV: su
BNV: su
SAL: su
LAB: su
BZT: su
AZK: su
ZBR:
RNC: su
COMMENTS: An exceptional form with a fossilized class prefix is Araban itsu 'fire' in itsu arri 'flint' < *i=ću har̄i 'fire stone' = (c) su(h)arri 'flint'.
PROTO: *su
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: you (2nd person singular unmarked)
BZK: zu
GIP: zu
ANV: zu
BNV: zu
SAL: zu
LAB: zu
BZT: zu
AZK: zu
ZBR:
RNC: zu
COMMENTS: Vasconists agree that this pronoun was originally 2nd person plural, changed to singular (polite) in present-day Bsq, following the spread of a "T-V distinction" in western Europe. Some dialects (SAL, BNV-Garazi) also have a palatalized variant xu [šu], "intermediate in familiarity between hi and zu" (Trask 1997: 96). A new 'you' (plural) has developed by the addition of the plural marker -k: (c) zu-ek, etc. Cf. PNC *źwĕ 'you (2d p. plur. pron.)'.
PROTO: *śudu-r̄
MEANING: nose
BZK: sur, (Markina) suur
GIP: sudur
ANV: sudur, sugur
BNV: sudur
SAL: sudur
LAB: sudur
ZBR: südür
RNC: sudur
COMMENTS: So far this word has eluded any firm external cognate. Speculatively, cf. PEC šHīwṭV 'whistle, reed-pipe', if Bsq *śudu-r̄ resulted from a jocular or slangy usage, analogous to English whistle in "wet one's whistle," i.e. 'throat'.
PROTO: *śuge
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: snake
BZK: suge, (Lekeitio, Ubidea) sube
GIP: suga, (Iziar) sube
ANV: suge, sube
BNV: suge, (Aldude) sube
LAB: suge
ZBR: süge
RNC: suge
PROTO: *suɫɦo
PRNUM: PRNUM
MEANING: 1 hole 2 cave 3 make holes, dig holes 4 hollow, gully
BZK: zulo, zilo, zillo 1, zulotu, zilotu 3, (Aulestia) sulo 1
GIP: zulo 1
ANV: zulo 1, ziloka 2, xillotu 3, (Goizueta) zolo 1
BNV: zulho, zilho 1, ziloka 2, zilotu, xillotu 3, (Isturitze) ziloka 4
SAL: zilo, zillo 1
LAB: zulho, zilho, xilho 1, ziloka 2, zilotu, zilhatu 3
BZT: ziloka 4
ZBR: zilo, xilo 1, ziloka 2, zila(tü) 3
RNC: xillo 1, xillotu 3
COMMENTS: The diminutive/expressive forms xilo, xillo, etc. have become usual in ZBR and RNC. As noted by Mitxelena, medieval place names have only zulho or zulo, thus the oldest form is postulated to have been *suɫɦo. This is a component of compounds such as (GIP) ipurt-zulo 'anus', eztar-zulo 'pharynx', (ZBR) südür-xílo 'nostril', etc. Cf. Lezgi sulu-r 'throat'.
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