Баскская этимология : Результат запроса

PROTO: *sul

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: wood, timber, lumber

BZK: zur, (Arratia, Orozko) zul

GIP: zur

ANV: zur

BNV: zur

SAL: zur

LAB: zur

BZT: zur

AZK: zur

ZBR: zur

RNC: zũr

COMMENTS: Primary form was originally *sul, with definite article *sul-a, which regularly became /sura/, from which a new base form /sur/ developed, written zur, except in parts of BZK, which retained /sul/ = zul.

PROTO: *sumhV

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 a kind of elm tree 2 grove 3 a kind of willow or osier 4 a kind of oak (kermes)

BZK: zumar 1, zumetz 3, zumalakar 3, zumel 4

GIP: zumar 1, zumaldi 2, zumalikar, zumalakar 3,

ANV: zumar 1, zumalakar 3, (Narbarte) zuar 1, zumarika 3

BNV: zuhar 1, zumarika 3

SAL: zugar 1, basa-zume 3, ur-zume 3

LAB: zuhar 1, zumarika, zumelika, zumalakar 3, (Ainhoa) basa-zume 3

BZT: zuar 1

ZBR: zǘnhar 1, zume 3

RNC: basa-zume 3, ur-zume 3

PROTO: *sunda

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 odor, stench 2 sniff(ing), smell(ing) 3 burnt (smell and taste)

BZK: sunda 1, (Txorierri) zunda 1, (Arratia, Gernika, Markina) gar-zunda 3

COMMENTS: The probable PEC cognate is *sHwinṭV ‘snuff, smell, snot’, to which we would expect Bsq *sund-. Note that /s/ and /ś/ have merged in most of BZK. Azkue cites the compounds lizun-sunda 'moldy smell' (as in a long-closed room), izerdi-sunda 'odor of sweat', zunda dabil 's/he goes about sniffing'.

PROTO: *suri

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: white

BZK: zuri

GIP: zuri

ANV: zuri

BNV: zuri

SAL: zuri

LAB: zuri

BZT: zuri

AZK: zuri

ZBR: zúri

RNC: zuri

COMMENTS: The expressive palatal variant xuri /šuri/ is also widespread, esp. in the East (BNV,LAB, ZBR) = GIP txuri /čuri/. In some dialects the expressive form has supplanted the unmarked form in everyday use.

PROTO: *-sur̄in (in *gult-sur̄in)

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: kidney

BZK: kuntzurrun, guntzurrun, (Araba) gultzurrun

GIP: gultzurrin, gultzurdun, gultzurdin, geltzurrin, giltzurrin

ANV: giltzurdin, gultxurrun, (Lezaka) giltzurrin, (Esteribar) giltzurrun

BNV: giltzurdin, (Aldude) giltzurrin

SAL: giltzurrin, giltzurrun, giltzurdin

LAB: geltzurrin, giltzurrin

BZT: gultxurrin

ZBR: gültzürrün

RNC: giltzurrin, beltzarrún, beltzurrún, beltxurrin, (Uztárroz) beltzurrin

COMMENTS: A bewildering array of variants, of which we think the first element is originally *gult- (q.v.) = PEC *kwɨlṭV. There are several secondary ‘folk-etymological’ associations with *urdin ‘blue, gray’, *gilc ‘joint’, and *belc ‘black’ (q.v.).

PROTO: *susen, *sin

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 right, correct 2 right(s), justice 3 oath 4 true, faithful

BZK: zuzen 1

GIP: zuzen 1, zin 3

ANV: zuzen 1, 2

BNV: zuzen 1, 2, zin 3

LAB: zuzen 1, 2, zin 3, 4

ZBR: zǘzen 1, 2, zĩn 3

RNC: zuzen 1

COMMENTS: The root *sin is also found in the verb *sin-eući 'to believe' (EB sinetsi).

PROTO: *śuś-ke-r̄

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: lizard

BZK: muskar, musker

GIP: muskar, musker

BNV: suskandela

SAL: musker

LAB: musker, (arc) {xuxquerrua} /šušker̄ua/

ZBR: sǘsker, süskhándera

RNC: musker

COMMENTS: Analyzed here as root *śuś- (= PNC *čVrčV / *č̣Vrč̣V 'lizard, snake, worm') + diminutive/expressive *-ke + fossilized plural marker *-r̄. Some of the Bsq forms also have an expressive prefix *m=. For *kandela, see *linda(ra) 'lizard'.

PROTO: *śuśt(V)r(V)

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 root 2 stubble (of crops) 3 sting, prick (of snake) 4 foundation, origin

BZK: sustrai, zustrai 1, sustar, suster 1, 2, 3

GIP: sustrai 1, 4

ANV: sustrai 1

COMMENTS: A western Bsq isogloss. Cf. sirats 'nerve, vein, tendon' (Trask 1995; not in Azkue with this meaning). The BZK form zustrai is anomalous (not having the usual assimilation of sibilants) - influenced by *sul 'wood, tree'?

PROTO: *susun

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: aspen, poplar

BZK: zuzun

COMMENTS: Cf. PNC *swɨ̆nē 'barberry, currants', reduplicated in Bsq *susun (cf. Lak sus < *suns). The Bsq-NC semantic commonality is ‘tree or shrub with berries’: Populus bears brown or reddish male fruit (catkins).

PROTO: *sutik

MEANING: (be) erect, standing (with auxiliary verb)

BZK: zutik

GIP: zutik

ANV: xutik

BNV: xutik

LAB: xutik

ZBR: xüti

RNC: zutik

PROTO: *tak-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: heel (of shoe)

BZK: takoi

GIP: takoi

LAB: takoin

COMMENTS: *tak-hoin is a compound with *hoin 'foot', thus originally 'back of foot'. Span. tacón and Port. tacão have no Latin etymology and likely come from Vasconic.

PROTO: *tako, *taket

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 stake, post 2 circular piece of wood

BZK: taket 1, tako 2

GIP: taket 1

ANV: taket 1

COMMENTS: Aulestia & White cite taket 'stake, wedge, block, chock, stopper' (adj. 'stupid'); tako 'wedge, block, chock, stopper'. Spanish taco is of obscure origin, probably < Vasconic.

PROTO: *tala

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: twig, young branch

BNV: tara, talika

ZBR: talika

PROTO: *tanka ~ *tanko

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 drop (of liquid) 2 a little (bit) 3 a moment

BZK: (Arratia, Orozko, Txorierri) tanga 1, (Arratia, Orozko) tanka 2, (Arratia, Galdakano, Mundaka) tango 2, (Arratia, Galdakano) 3

ZBR: tanka 1

RNC: (Uztárroz) tanka 1

COMMENTS: A relic etymon, preserved only at the western (BZK) and eastern (ZBR, RNC) peripheries.

PROTO: *tanta ~ *tanto

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 drop (of liquid) 2 dripping, drop-by-drop 3 dung pellets (as of goats) 4 gutter, eaves-trough

BZK: tanta 1, tantaka 2

GIP: tanto 1, tantaka 2, (Burunda) tanta 1

ANV: tantaka 2

BNV: (Hazparren, Garazi) tanto 3

LAB: (Ainhoa) tanto 3

BZT: tanta 1

RNC: tanto 3

PROTO: *tantai

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 wild tree 2 large log or branch 3 mast (of a ship)

BZK: tantai 1

GIP: tantai 1, 2, 3

ANV: tantai 1, 2, 3

BNV: tantai 1

LAB: tantai 1

PROTO: *tini

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 top, summit (of hill, mountain) 2 tip, extremity (e.g. of maize) 3 treetop

BNV: thin 1, thini 2, (Amikuse) thini 1

ZBR: thini 1, 2, 3

PROTO: *tintV

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 uvula 2 glands hanging from a goat 3 earring

LAB: tintola 1, tintilla 2

RNC: tintilla 2, 3

COMMENTS: Note the similar expressive suffixes, e.g. Bezhta ṭoṭi-lo 'pimple' ~ Bsq tinto-la 'uvula', etc.

PROTO: *ti-pi, *ti-n-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 small, little 2 a little 3 a tiny bit

BZK: tin-gi 2, tintin 3

BNV: (Amikuse) ttipi 1

LAB: txipi 1, (Ainhoa) tipi 1

BZT: tipi, ttipi 1

ZBR: ttipi, txipi, xipi 1

COMMENTS: See the note to *čiki.

PROTO: *tor-to

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: bud (of a flower); compact bunch or cluster of roots or branches

BZK: torto

COMMENTS: Analyzed here as root *tor̄- (cf. Lezgi ṭur 'bud, twig, pimple') + [diminutive] *-to. Cf. Bsq *laś-to 'straw', *ɦorś-to 'leaf'.