Basque etymology : Query result

Proto-Basque: *lar̄e

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 pasture, meadow 2 fallow land 3 heather, desert

Bizkaian: larra 1, larratz 2

Gipuzkoan: larre 1

High Navarrese: larre 1

Low Navarrese: larre 1, 3

Lapurdian: larre 1, 2

Zuberoan: lárre 1, 2

Roncalese: larratz 2

Comments: PEC *ŁwĕɫV 'enclosure, fence', with lateral assimilation.

Proto-Basque: *lar̄i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 sadness, anguish 2 anxiety, worry, worried 3 apprehensive 4 intimidation, fear

Bizkaian: larri 1, 2

Gipuzkoan: larri 2

Low Navarrese: larderia 4

Lapurdian: larri 2, larderia 4

Zuberoan: larde 3, larderia 4

Comments: Cf. PNC *Ł_wĕrV 'hard, severe, stern'. Alternatively cf. PEC *=V̄rƛ̣V(r) ‘to be afraid’ (NCED 1031) and Bsq *bi=ldur̄ ‘fear, fright’ (q.v.).

Proto-Basque: *lar̄i

Meaning: big, large, voluminous

Gipuzkoan: larri

High Navarrese: larri

Low Navarrese: larri

Lapurdian: larri

Zuberoan: larri

Roncalese: larri

Comments: Cf. Avar ƛ̣:ara 'fett, feist' / 'жирный, тучный' (Zhirkov 1936). Bouda (1948) Bsq + Avar.

Proto-Basque: *-lari / *-le

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: agent suffix, suffix of profession

Bizkaian: -lari / -la

Gipuzkoan: -lari / -le

High Navarrese: -lari / -le

Low Navarrese: -lari / -le

Lapurdian: -lari / -le

Zuberoan: -lari / -le

Roncalese: -lari / -le

Comments: These seem to be specialized developments of PSC *ŁĭwlV̆ ~ *ɫĭwŁV̆ 'male, man', parallel with Nakh: Chechen belχa-lō 'worker', etc. = Bsq. *egi-le 'doer, maker', etc. Bsq *-lari is usually lumped together with the suffix -ari, claimed to be from Latin -ārium, but this does not account for the /l/ in words such as guda-lari 'soldier' (gudu 'war'), margo-lari 'painter' (margo 'color, paint'), etc. Possibly both -ari and -lari are native Basque.

Proto-Basque: *lar̄u

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: skin, leather

Bizkaian: narru

Gipuzkoan: larru

High Navarrese: larru

Low Navarrese: larru

Salazarese: larru

Lapurdian: larru

Baztanese: larru

Aezkoan: larru

Zuberoan: lárrü

Roncalese: larru

Comments: Dissimilation (l > n) in Bzk.

Proto-Basque: *las

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: beam, rafter

Lapurdian: laz

Comments: An isolated LAB word. Cf. PNC *ƛ̣_VćV 'log, pole'.

Proto-Basque: *laś-to

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 straw (of wheat, barley, rye) 2 straw (of maize) 3 straw (of oats)

Bizkaian: lasto 1, 2

Gipuzkoan: lasto 1

Baztanese: lasto 1

Zuberoan: lásto 1

Roncalese: lasto 1, 3

Comments: Cf. PNC *ƛ̣ačă 'leaf, kind of plant' (incl.Budukh q̇ǝč̣ 'straw'). The Bsq word seems to have the diminutive suffix *-to.

Proto-Basque: *lau

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: four

Bizkaian: lau

Gipuzkoan: lau

High Navarrese: lau

Low Navarrese: laur, lau

Lapurdian: laur, lau

Zuberoan: laur

Comments: Michelena compared the Aquitanian names LAURCO (= Lat. Quartus?) and LAURINA.

Proto-Basque: *lega-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 small stone, pebble, gravel 2 gravelly land

Bizkaian: legar 1

Gipuzkoan: legar 1

High Navarrese: legatx 2

Low Navarrese: legar 1, legartsu 2

Lapurdian: legar 1, legarri 1, legatx, legartsu 2

Comments: PSC *ƛ̣ắnχwV: PSC *ƛ̣̊- > Bsq *l- and PSC *-nχ- > Bsq *-g- [ɣ] are regular changes. Bsq *lega-r̄ 'ulcer, rennet' (q.v.) is a homonym of distinct origin.

Proto-Basque: *legar̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ́1 rennet 2 ulcer in the mouth

Bizkaian: legar, alegar 1

High Navarrese: legar 2

Lapurdian: legar 2

Comments: *lega-r̄ 'pebble, gravel' (q.v.) is a homonym of distinct origin.

Proto-Basque: *leher̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to burst, explode, smash 2 to be burst, exploded, smashed

Bizkaian: ler-tu 1, 2

Gipuzkoan: ler-tu 1, 2

Low Navarrese: leher 1, leher-tu 1, 2

Salazarese: leer-tu 1, 2

Lapurdian: leher 1, leher-tu 1, 2

Baztanese: leer-tu 1, 2

Zuberoan: leher 1, leher-tu 1, 2

Comments: The radical *leher̄ is used with the auxiliary *e=gin 'to do, make' (q.v.). Secondarily this word also has meanings like 'to be exhausted, tired, break down', etc.

Proto-Basque: *leher̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 pine (tree) 2 pine tree (diminutive) 3 pine grove 4 pitch, resin 5 torch (made from pine branch)

Low Navarrese: ler-ki 5

Salazarese: ler 1, ler-do 4

Zuberoan: (Garazi) leher 1

Roncalese: ler 1, ller-ko 2, ler-doi 3, ler-ki 5

Comments: A northeastern Bsq isogloss: other dialects use pinu (< Rom.). Cf. PNC *ʎ_ɦwaɫū 'a kind of tree' (Avar 'yew').

Proto-Basque: *lehia

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 wish, desire, zeal 2 haste, hurry 3 persistence, longing

Bizkaian: leia 1, 2, 3

Gipuzkoan: (Andoain) leia 1, 2, 3

Low Navarrese: lehia 1, 2, 3

Lapurdian: lehia 1, 2, 3

Baztanese: leia 1, 2, 3

Zuberoan: lehía 1, 2, 3

Comments: The Bsq form is archaic, reflecting PSC *ŁinHwV, while PEC *=inŁwV represents a frequent PNC/PEC transposition, common in verbal roots.

Proto-Basque: *leka

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 pod, husk 2 sheath (for knife)

Bizkaian: leka 1, 2

Gipuzkoan: leka 1

High Navarrese: leka 1

Low Navarrese: leka 1

Lapurdian: leka 1

Zuberoan: leka 1

Roncalese: leka 1

Comments: Some (e.g. Trask 1997: 308) derive *leka < Lat. thēca 'case, envelope'. Some Bsq dialects have teka (BZK), theka (BNV,ZBR) 'pod, husk'. Possibly both words, of distinct origin, have partially merged.

Proto-Basque: *lema

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: rudder

Bizkaian: lema

Gipuzkoan: lema

High Navarrese: lema

Lapurdian: lema

Comments: The Bsq-NC semantic connection is not very compelling, but nevertheless both rudders and shelves, up to modern times, were made of large flat planks.

Proto-Basque: *lepo

Meaning: 1 neck 2 shoulder

Araban: lepo 1

Bizkaian: lepo 2

Gipuzkoan: lepo 1

High Navarrese: lepo 1

Low Navarrese: lep(h)o 1

Lapurdian: lep(h)o 1

Zuberoan: lépho 1

Roncalese: lepo 1

Comments: ? Cf. PST *ƛĕp ( ~ *ƛăp) 'border, side'.

Proto-Basque: *ler̄a

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 slip, slide, skid (noun) 2 to slip, slide, skid

High Navarrese: (Arakil) ler-tu 2

Low Navarrese: lerra 1, lerra-tu 2

Lapurdian: lerra 1, lerra-tu 2

Baztanese: lerra-tu 2

Zuberoan: lérra 1, lerrá-tu 2

Comments: Cf. PNC *ʔVƛ_V(r) 'to crawl, glide'.

Proto-Basque: *lercoin

Meaning: crane (bird)

Gipuzkoan: lersoin

High Navarrese: lertxun, lertxoin

Low Navarrese: lertzun, lertsun, lertxoin, letxon, letxun

Lapurdian: lertzun, lertxun

Comments: Bouda (1949) compared Bsq with Avar lačen, Darg. lačin, Chech. leči 'Falke' (not in NCED). Zhirkov has Avar lacen сокол. Xajdakov (1973) lists Lak, Andi, Darg. lačin, Avar lačen, Chech. leča, also Kumyk lačin, Azeri lačɨn белый сокол, Mong. način. This looks like a loanword from Azeri (or some other Altaic language) to scattered Cauc languages, and a chance resemblance with Bsq, not a genetic Bsq-NC cognate.

Proto-Basque: *ler̄o

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: line, file, row

Bizkaian: lerro

Gipuzkoan: lerro

Low Navarrese: lerro

Lapurdian: lerro, lerrun

Baztanese: lerro

Comments: Cf. PNC *ƛ̣_wăr(ɦ)ǝ̆ 'boundary'.

Proto-Basque: *le-t-hagin

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: eye-tooth, canine tooth, fang

Bizkaian: latagin, betagin

Gipuzkoan: letagin, (Ernani) betagin, (Etxarri) matagin

High Navarrese: letagin, litagin, latagin

Low Navarrese: letagin, letain

Lapurdian: litagin, letain

Baztanese: litain

Zuberoan: letágin

Comments: A compound of *le- (a reduced form of PSC *ʡwĭlʡí 'eye') + Bsq *hagin 'tooth' (q.v.). The intervening *-t- is a fossilized oblique marker, familiar from other Bsq compounds (cf. sutargi 'firelight' < *śu + *-t- + *argi, etc.). Western Bsq betagin is an innovative reinterpretation, based on Bsq *begi 'eye' (q.v.).