Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
Consonant system:
Number:211
Language:Dagara
Alternate Name:Dagaare
Location:Burkina Faso
Population:75,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
Grammar:GD: Prost, A. and L. Girault . 1958. Abrégé de langue dagara: Grammaire et dictionnaire. Bobo-Dioulasso: Diocèse de Bobo-Dioulasso.
Other Sources:Girault, L. 1967. Description phonologique du dagara. Dakar: Univ of Dakar.
Consonant system:
p t̪ c k kp ʔ b ʔb d̪ ɡ ɡb f s̪ s h v z̪ ɣ m ʔm n̪ ŋ ŋm l̪ l̪ɯ r
Stops:p b ʔb t̪ d̪ c k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
Fricatives:f v s̪ z̪ š ɣ h
Nasals:m ʔm n̪ ŋ ŋm
Laterals:l̪ l̪ɯ
Vibrants:r
Modified Consonants:
c̄ b m n l r cj all but ʔb c ʔm r cw all but ʔb c kp ɡb h ʔm ŋ ŋm r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u e o ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o ɔ
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Nasal Vowels:
ı̃ ẽ ã ũ õ ı̃̄ ẽ̃̄ ã̄ ũ̄ ȭ
Diphthongs:ie iɛ iu io uo oɔ (ai ɔi)
Syllable:(C)V(ɣ)(C)
Tones:hi mid low
Stress:always on root
Noun Number:s p
Noun Classes:7
Articles:def
Syntax:SVO NA GN ND POSS-N
Prep/Post:POST
Number:212
Language:Kusaal
Location:NE Ghana (Upper)
Population:517,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
Other Sources:
Spratt, David and Nancy Spratt. 1968 The Phonology of Kusal. Accra: Institute of African Studies, Univ of Ghana. Spratt, David and Nancy Spratt. 1972. Kusal Syntax. Accra: Institute of African Studies, Univ of Ghana.
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
Consonant system:
Number:214
Language:Talne
Location:Ghana
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
Consonant system:
Number:215
Language:Nabte
Location:Ghana
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
Consonant system:
Number:216
Language:Mampelle
Location:Ghana
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
Consonant system:
Number:217
Language:Dagbani
Location:N Ghana (Northern)
Population:409,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
Other Sources:
Wilson, W. A. A. 1963. "Relative Constructions in Dagbani," JAL 2, 139-44. Laguage Guide (Dagbani Edition). 1968. Accra: Bureau of Ghana Languages. Wilson, W. A. A. and J. T. Bender-Samuel. 1969. "The Phonology of the Nominal in Dagbani," Linguistics 52, 56-82.
Consonant system:
p t k kp b d ɡ ɡb č ɡ̌ f s š (h) v z ž m n̪ ñ ŋ ŋm l
Stops:p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
Affricates:č ɡ̌
Fricatives:f v s z š ž (h)
Nasals:m n̪ ñ ŋ ŋm
Laterals:l
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u e ǝ o a
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:ǝ a
Back Vowels:u o
Long Vowels:v̄ all but ǝ
Tones:hi lo downstep
Noun Number:s p
Noun Classes:noun classes
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3ai 6ai
Syntax:SVO NA ND N-NUM POSS-N
Prep/Post:POST
Number:218
Language:Dagbani
Dialect:Mampruli
Location:N Ghana (Northern)
Population:409,000 (85,000)
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
Dictionary:Arana, Evangelina and Mauricio Swadesh. 1967. Diccionario analitico del mampruli. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia.
Consonant system:
p t̪ k kp ʔ b d̪ ɡ ɡb (č) (ɡ̌) f s̪ (h) v z̪ m n̪ ñ (ŋ) ŋm l̪ (ɾ)
Stops:p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
Affricates:(č) (ɡ̌)
Fricatives:f v s̪ z̪ (h)
Nasals:m n̪ ñ (ŋ) ŋm
Laterals:l̪
Vibrants:(ɾ)
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
I ʋ ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels:I ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels:ī ē ā ū ō
Syllable:(C)(C)V(C)
Tones:hi lo ris fall
Stress:root initial
Noun Number:s p
Demonstratives:3
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SVO NA ND
Prep/Post:POST
Number:219
Language:Hanga
Population:3,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
Consonant system:
Number:220
Language:Kasele
Location:Togo
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta