A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 2361

Language: Mien

Alternate Name: Yao

Location: N Thailand (Chiengrai)

Population: 1 million

Classification: Austric: Miao-Yao: Yao

Dictionary: Lombard, Sylvia J. 1968. Yao-English Dictionary. Ithaca: Dept of Asian Studies, Cornell Univ.

Other Sources:

Downer, G. B. 1961. "Phonology of the Word in Highland Yao," BSOAS 24, 531-41.
Purnell, Herbert Charles, Jr. 1965. Phonology of a Yao Dialect Spoken in the Province of Chiengrai, Thailand. HSL 15.
Callaway, Lois and C. W. Callaway. 1976. "Mien (Yao)," PL C43, 221-37.

Consonant system:

p p^h b t̪ t̪^h d̪ k k^h ɡ ʔ
t̪^s t̪^s^h d̪^z č č^h ɡ̌
f s̪ h
m m̥ n̪ n̪̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥
l l̥

Stops: p p^h b t̪ t̪^h d̪ k k^h ɡ ʔ

Affricates: t̪^s t̪^s^h d̪^z č č^h ɡ̌

Fricatives: f s̪ h

Nasals: m m̥ n̪ n̪̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥

Laterals: l l̥

Modified Consonants:

c^j
cʷ

Glides: j j̥ w w̥

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e æ

Central Vowels: (ǝ) a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ a only

Diphthongs: iǝ uǝ

Syllable: (C)(C)CV(C) (No CCCVC) Nˈ

Tones: hi-ris-fall hi-mid-lev mid-fall lo-mid-ris lo-mid-ris-fall lo-level

Syntax: SVO AN/NA GN DN NUM-N

Number: 2362

Language: Mien

Alternate Name: Yao

Dialect: P'u K'amteng

Location: NW Laos

Population: 1 million

Classification: Austric: Miao-Yao: Yao

Other Sources: AL 7:4

Consonant system:

p p^h t t^h k k^h ʔ
t^s t^s^h
f s h
m m̥ n n̥ ŋ ŋ̥
l l̥

Stops: p p^h t t^h k k^h ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^s^h

Fricatives: f s h

Nasals: m m̥ n n̥ ŋ ŋ̥

Laterals: l l̥

Modified Consonants: c^j = k k^h n n̥

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: (ɨ) (ǝ) a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: ā

Tones: hi-lev hi-ris-fall hi-mid-lev hi-mid-fall lo-mid-ris lo-lev lo-fall-glot lo-ris-fall

Number: 2363

Language: Mien

Alternate Name: Yao

Dialect: Pa-P'ai

Location: S China (NE Kwangtung)

Population: 1 million

Classification: Austric: Miao-Yao: Yao

Other Sources: AL 7:4

Consonant system:

p b t d ḍ c k ɡ ʔ

f v š h
m n ṇ ñ ŋ
l

Stops: p b t d ḍ c k ɡ ʔ

Fricatives: f v š h

Nasals: m n ṇ ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Syllable: mˈ Nˈ

Tones: hi-lev hi-fall mid-lev mid-fall lo-lev

Number: 2364

Language: Mien

Alternate Name: Yao

Dialect: Kwangsi

Location: S China (Kwangsi)

Population: 1 million (326,000)

Classification: Austric: Miao-Yao: Yao

Other Sources: Mao Tsung-wu and Chou Tsu-yao. 1972. "A Brief Description of the Yao Language," in MYLS, 239-55.

Consonant system:

p p^h b t t^h d k k^h ɡ (ʔ) (ıIt is highly likely that there were no native aspirated initials in Mien.ı p. 240
t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌
f s š h
m m̥ n n̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥
l ɬ

Stops: p p^h b t t^h d k k^h ɡ (ʔ) (ıIt is highly likely that there were no native aspirated initials in Mien.ı p. 240

Affricates: t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌

Fricatives: f s š h

Nasals: m m̥ n n̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥

Laterals: l ɬ

Modified Consonants:

c^j p p^h b m m̥ f t^s t^sh d^z s t t^h d n n̥ l ɬ
cʷ p p^h b m m̥ f t^s t^sh d^z s t t^h d l ɬ č č^h ɡ̌ ñ ñ̥ š k k^h ɡ ŋ h
c^jʷ k k^h ɡ h

Glides: j ɥ w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: (ɨ) (ǝ) a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄

Diphthongs: ei ai ɔi ui iu eu au ou

Tones: mid-lev lo-mid-fall hi-fall lo-mid-ris-fall lo-mid-ris lo-ris hi-lev

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA GN DN POSS-N

Number: 2365

Language: Proto-Austroasiatic

Location: SE Asia

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic

Other Sources:

Benedict, Paul K. 1975. "Austro-Thai and Austroasiatic," in Austro-Thai: Language and Culture, by Paul K. Benedict, 464-90. [Also in AAS 1, 1-36.]
Pinnow, H. J. 1965. "Personal Pronouns in the Austroasiatic Languages: A Historical Study," Lingua 14, 3-42.

Consonant system:

p b ^mb t d c ɟ k ɡ q G ʔ

s h
m n ñ ŋ
l
r

Stops: p b ^mb t d c ɟ k ɡ q G ʔ

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o

Pronouns:

1 4die 4ie
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SVO

Number: 2366

Language: Korku

Location: C India (NW Madhya Pradesh)

Population: 284,000

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: North

Other Sources:

Zide, N. H. 1960. Korku Phonology and Morphophonemics. Philadelphia: Univ of Pennsylvania Diss.
Zide. Norman H. 1979. "Korku Syllables and Syllable Stress," PL C45, 161-86.
AL 8:4
WALS

Consonant system:

   p p^h t t^h c c^h k k^h ʔ
b b̤ d d̤ ɟ ɟ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    s h
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r ɾ̣

Stops: p b p^h b̤ t t^h d d̤ c c^h ɟ ɟ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤ ʔ

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r ɾ̣

Glides: j w w̃

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Tones: hi lo

Stress: phonemic

Syntax: SOV

Number: 2367

Language: Santali

Location: NE India (Assam)

Population: 3.7 million

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: North: Kherwari: Santali

Dictionary: Bodding, P. O. 1929-36. A Santal Dictionary, 5 vols. Oslo: Jacob Dybwad.

Other Sources:

Sebeok, Thomas A. 1943. "Phonemic System of Santali," JAOS 63, 66-7.
AL 8:4

Consonant system:

p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤
č ɡ̌ č^h ɡ̤̌
v s̪ h
m n̪ ñ ŋ
l̪
r ṛ

Stops: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

Affricates: č ɡ̌ č^h ɡ̤̌

Fricatives: v s̪ h

Nasals: m n̪ ñ ŋ

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: r ṛ

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: GN

Number: 2368

Language: Turi

Location: India (Madhya Pradesh)

Population: 3,000

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: North: Kherwari: Santali

Consonant system:

Number: 2369

Language: Mundari

Alternate Name: Bhumij

Location: NE India (N Orissa)

Population: 1.5 million

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: North: Kherwari: Mundari

Other Sources:

Gumperz, John J. 1957. "Notes on the Phonology of Mundari," IL 17, 6-15.
Stampe, David L. 1966. "Abstracts and Translations," IJAL 32, 74-80.
AL 8:4

Consonant system:

p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ d̤̣ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤ (ʔ)
č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
s h
m n̪ ṇ
l̪ ḷ
r

Stops: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤ (ʔ)

Affricates: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n̪ ṇ

Laterals: l̪ ḷ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: I e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ʋ o

Nasal Vowels: (ṽ)

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Diphthongs: ai ui oi ae oe au ou oa ua ia ea eo

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Gender: a i

Syntax: SOV

Number: 2370

Language: Mundari

Dialect: Hasada

Location: NE India (Bihar)

Population: 1.5 million

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: North: Kherwari: Mundari

Other Sources: Sinha, N. K. 1974. Mundari Phonetic Reader. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.

Consonant system:

p b t d ṭ ḍ k ɡ (ʔ)
č ɡ̌
s h
m n ŋ ṇ
l
r (ɾ̣)

Stops: p b t d ṭ ḍ k ɡ (ʔ)

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n ŋ ṇ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r (ɾ̣)

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: (ǝ) ɐ

Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ

Long Vowels: ī ē ū ō ɑ̄

Diphthongs: ae ai ao au ea eo ia iu oa oe ui ua

Stress: non-phonemic

Syntax: SOV

Number: 2371

Language: Ho

Location: NE India (Bihar)

Population: 800,000

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: North: Kherwari: Mundari

Grammar: Denney, J. n.d. Ho Grammar and Vocabulary. Chaibasa, Bihar: Xavier Ho Publications.

Consonant system:

p b t̪ d̪ ṭ ḍ k ɡ
č ɡ̌
s̪ h
m n̪ ṇ ñ ŋ
l̪
r ṛ

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ ṭ ḍ k ɡ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: s̪ h

Nasals: m n̪ ṇ ñ ŋ

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: r ṛ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

Modified Vowels:

vowel harmony
v̰ (=glottalized=vʔv) all
ṽ̰ all

Stress: VH

Noun Number: s d p

Gender: a i

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4die 4ie
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 2372

Language: Korwa

Location: India (Bihar)

Population: 66,000

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: North: Kherwari: Mundari

Consonant system:

Number: 2373

Language: Birhor

Location: India (Bihar)

Population: 10,000

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: North: Kherwari: Mundari

Consonant system:

Number: 2374

Language: Asuri

Location: India (Bihar)

Population: 5,800

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: North: Kherwari: Mundari

Consonant system:

Number: 2375

Language: Kharia

Location: NE India (Bihar)

Population: 160,000

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: South: Central

Grammar: GD: Biligiri, Hemmige Shriniwasarangachar. 1965. Kharia. Poona: Deccan College.

Consonant system:

p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ d̤̣ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤
č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
s ɦ
m n ñ ŋ
l
ɾ ɾ̣

Stops: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ d̤̣ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

Affricates: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

Fricatives: s ɦ

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ ɾ̣

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Noun Number: s d p (anim only)

Gender: a i

Demonstratives: 4: 3 + that invisible

Articles: indef

Pronouns:

1 4die 4ie
2 5d 5
*3 *6d *6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS(kinship terms, body parts) D+Num+A+N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 2376

Language: Juang

Dialect: Phulbadi

Location: E India (Orissa)

Population: 17,000

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: South: Central

Grammar: Matson, D. M. 1964. A Grammarical Sketch of Juang. Madison: Univ of Wisconsin Diss.

Consonant system:

p b t d ṭ ḍ k ɡ
č ɡ̌
s
m n ṇ ñ ŋ
l ḷ
r

Stops: p b t d ṭ ḍ k ɡ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: s

Nasals: m n ṇ ñ ŋ

Laterals: l ḷ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Number: 2377

Language: Juang

Dialect: Suakati

Location: E India (Orissa)

Population: 17,000

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: South: Central

Other Sources:

Pinnow, H. J. 1966. "Abstracts and Translations," IJAL 32, 76.
AL 8:4

Consonant system:

p p^h b b̤ t t^h d d̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ d̤̣ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤
č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
s h
m n ṇ ñ ŋ
l ḷ
r ṛ

Stops: p p^h b b̤ t t^h d d̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ d̤̣ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

Affricates: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

Fricatives: s h

Nasals: m n ṇ ñ ŋ

Laterals: l ḷ

Vibrants: r ṛ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i (e) ɛ

Central Vowels: (ǝ) a

Back Vowels: u (o) ɔ (ɑ)

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Diphthongs: ei ɛi ai ɑi ɔi oi ui au ɑu ɔu ae ɑe ɔe iɛ uɛ io ao aɔ uɔ ua

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Number: 2378

Language: Gorum

Location: NE India (Orissa)

Population: 10,000

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: South: Koraput: Sora-Gorum

Other Sources:

Bhattacharya, Sudhibhushan. 1954. "Studies in the Parengi Language," IL 14, 512-28.
Zide, Arlene R. K. 1963. Parengi Phonology. Philadelphia: Univ of Pennsylvania M.A. Thesis.
Zide, Arlene R. K. 1972. "Transitive and Causative in Gorum," JL 8, 201-15.
Aze, F. Richard. 1973. "Clause Patterns in Parengi-Gorum," in PCSD I, 235-312.
Aze, Richard and Trish Aze. 1973. "Parengi Texts," in PCSD III, 213-362.

Consonant system:

p b t̪ ḍ k ɡ ʔ
ɡ̌
s
m n ñ ŋ
l
r ɾ̣

Stops: p b t̪ ḍ k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: ɡ̌

Fricatives: s

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r ɾ̣

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

Noun Incorporation: pronoun incorp

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 2379

Language: Sora

Location: E India (S Orissa)

Population: 220,000

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: South: Koraput: Sora-Gorum

Other Sources:

Biligiri, H. S. 1965. "The Sora Verb," Lingua 15, 231-50.
Stampe, David L. 1965. "Abstracts and Translations," IJAL 31, 332-41.
Starosta, Stanley. 1971. "Derivation and Case in Sora Verbs," IL 32, 194-206.
AL 8:4

Consonant system:

p b t̪ ḍ k ɡ ʔ
ɡ̌
s
m n ñ ŋ
l
r ṛ

Stops: p b t̪ ḍ k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: ɡ̌

Fricatives: s

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r ṛ

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a

Back Vowels: ɯ u ɔ

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Syntax: SOV GN DN POSS-N/N-POSS

Noun Incorporation: noun incorp

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 2380

Language: Juray

Location: E India

Classification: Austric: Austroasiatic: Munda: South: Koraput: Sora-Gorum

Consonant system: