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Back: 1 Forward: 1 20 50 100 200 \data\typol\typology
Number: 321
Language: Kulaal
Location: Chad
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Adamawa: Bua
Number: 322
Language: Koke
Location: Chad
Population: 1,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Adamawa: Bua
Other Sources: LA
Syntax: SVO NG
Number: 323
Language: Nielim
Location: Chad
Population: 2,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Adamawa: Bua
Other Sources: LA
Syntax: SVO NG ND POSS-N
Number: 324
Language: Tunya
Location: S Chad (N Moyen-Chari)
Population: 2,250
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Adamawa: Bua
Other Sources: LA
Syntax: SVO/(SOV [with infinitive]) NG N-NUM POSS-N
Number: 325
Language: Gbaya
Dialect: Bossangoa
Location: W Central African Repulic
Population: 600,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Gbaya
Grammar: GD: Samarin, William J. 1966. The Gbeya Language. UCPL 44.
Consonant system: p t k kp ʔ b ɓ d ɗ ɡ ɡb f s h v z m ʔ m n ʔ n ŋ ŋm l v̊ ɾ v̊ is a labiodental flap.
Stops: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
Fricatives: f v s z h
Nasals: m ʔ m n ʔ n ŋ ŋm
Laterals: l
Vibrants: v̊ ɾ
Modified Consonants: N c b d ɡ ɡb
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u e o ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i e ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all but e o v̄̃ all but e o
Modified Vowels: vowel harmony
Syllable: (C)V(C)
Demonstratives: 2
Articles: def
Syntax: SVO AN NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 326
Language: Gbaya
Dialect: Kara
Location: W Central African Republic
Population: 600,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Gbaya
Other Sources: Roulon, Paulette. 1971. "Rapport sur la phonologie d'un dialecte gbaya: le gbaya-'bodoe du groupe kara," Études bantoues I, 90-115. Monino, Yves and Paulette Roulon. 1972. Phonologie du gbaya kara 'bodoe. Paris: SELAF. Roulon, Paulette. 1975. Le verbe en gbaya. Paris: SELAF.
Consonant system: p t k kp ʔ b ʔ b d ʔ d ɡ ɡb f s h v z m n ñ ŋ ŋm l v̊ ɾ v̊ is a labiodental flap.
Stops: p b ʔ b t d ʔ d k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
Fricatives: f v s z h
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ ŋm
Laterals: l
Vibrants: v̊ ɾ
Modified Consonants: N c b d ɡ ɡb
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u e o ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i e ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ ?
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all but e o
Syllable: CV(C)
Tones: hi lo ris fall
Demonstratives: 4: near, less near, far, very far
Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 + indef politeness: familiar/polite distinction for 2 3 5
Syntax: SVO AN/NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 327
Language: Gbaya
Alternate Name: Mbodomo
Dialect: Buli
Location: SW Central African Republic
Population: 600,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Gbaya
Other Sources: Monino, Yves. 1971. "Note sur la phonologie d'un dialecte gbaya de Berberati," Études bantoues I, 116-8. WALS
Consonant system: p t k kp ʔ b ʔ b d ʔ d ɡ ɡb f s h (v) z m n ñ ŋ ŋm l
Stops: p b ʔ b t d ʔ d k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
Fricatives: f (v) s z h
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ ŋm
Laterals: l
Modified Consonants: N c b d ɡ ɡb
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u e o ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i e ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o ɔ
Nasal Vowels: ɛ̃ ɔ̃ (ı̃ ũ)
Tones: hi lo ris fall
Syntax: SVO
Number: 328
Language: Bangando
Location: Cameroon
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Gbaya
Number: 329
Language: Manza
Location: Central African Republic
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Gbaya
Number: 330
Language: Ngbaka
Location: SW Central African Repulic
Population: 600,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Gbaya
Dictionary: Maes, V. 1959. Dictionnaire ngbaka-français-néerlandais. Tervuren: Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge.
Grammar: Thomas, Jacqueline M. C. 1963. Le parler ngbaka de Bokanga. Paris: Mouton.
Other Sources: AGT
Consonant system: p t k kpʷ ʔ b ɓ d (ɗ) ɡ ɡbʷ f s h v z m n ñ (ŋ) ŋm l
Stops: p b ɓ t d (ɗ) k ɡ kpʷ ɡbʷ ʔ
Fricatives: f v s z h
Nasals: m n ñ (ŋ) ŋm
Laterals: l
Modified Consonants: N c b d ɡ ɡbʷ z
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u e o ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i e ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ ?
Nasal Vowels: (ı̃) ẽ ã (ũ) õ
Syllable: CV
Tones: hi mid lo hi-fall mid-ris mid-fall lo-ris
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2 + ref
Articles: def indef
Syntax: SVO AN NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 331
Language: Ngbandi
Location: NW Democratic Republic of Congo
Population: 137,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Ngbandi
Dictionary: Lekens, Benjamin. 1952. Dictionnaire ngbandi. Tervuren: Annales du Musée du Congo Belge.
Other Sources: LA
Consonant system: p t c k kp b d ɟ ɡ ɡb ts č dz ɡ̌ f s š x h v z ž ɣ m n ñ ŋ v̊ r v̊ is a labiodental flap.
Stops: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ kp ɡb
Affricates: ts dz č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f v s z š ž x ɣ h
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Vibrants: v̊ r
Modified Consonants: N c b d ɟ ɡ ɡb v z
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u e o ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i e ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o ɔ
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all
Modified Vowels: vowel harmony
Tones: hi mid lo
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 3
Syntax: SVO NA/(AN) NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Number: 332
Language: Sango1
Location: Central African Republic
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Ngbandi
Other Sources: WALS
Syntax: SVO
Number: 333
Language: Yakoma
Location: Central African Republic
Population: 5,300
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Ngbandi
Other Sources: Boyeldieu, Pascal. 1973. "Phonologie du yakoma," in Problèmes de phonologie, Paris, SELAF, 11-72. Boyeldieu, Pascal. 1975. Études yakoma. Paris: SELAF.
Consonant system: p t k kp ʔ b d ɡ ɡb f s h v z m n (ñ) l (r)
Stops: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
Fricatives: f v s z h
Nasals: m n (ñ)
Laterals: l
Vibrants: (r)
Modified Consonants: N c b d ɡ ɡb v z
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u e o ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i e ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o ɔ
Nasal Vowels: ı̃ æ̃ ũ ɒ̃
Syllable: CV
Tones: hi mid lo lo-ris-to-mid lo-ris-to-hi hi-fall mid-fall
Demonstratives: 2
Syntax: SVO AN NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 334
Language: Feroge
Location: SW Sudan
Population: 8,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Sere
Grammar: Santandrea, Stefano. 1969. Note grammaticali e lessicali sul gruppo Feroge e sul Mundu. Naples: Instituto Universitario Orientale.
Consonant system: p t k kp b ʔ b d ʔ d ḍ ɡ ɡb č dz ɡ̌ m n ñ ŋ l v̊ ɾ r v̊ is a labiodental flap.
Stops: p b ʔ b t d ʔ d ḍ k ɡ kp ɡb
Affricates: dz č ɡ̌
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: v̊ ɾ r
Modified Consonants: N c b d k ɡ kp ɡb v
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u I ʋ e ǝ o ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i I e ɛ
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u ʋ o ɔ
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all ?
Syntax: SVO AN NG ND NUM-N N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 335
Language: Indri
Location: S Sudan
Population: 700
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Sere
Number: 336
Language: Ndogo
Location: S Sudan
Population: 20,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Sere
Other Sources: LA
Front Vowels: i ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u ɔ
Nasal Vowels: ṽ
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Syntax: SVO AN/NA NG ND N-POSS
Number: 337
Language: Sere
Location: Democratic Republic of Congo
Population: 2,500
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Sere
Other Sources: LA
Front Vowels: i e ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o ɔ
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Syntax: SVO NA/AN NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Number: 338
Language: Tagbu
Location: Democratic Republic of Congo
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Sere
Number: 339
Language: Bai1
Location: Sudan
Population: 2,500
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Sere
Other Sources: LA
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Syntax: SVO NG ND N-POSS
Number: 340
Language: Viri
Alternate Name: Bviri
Location: W Sudan
Population: 16,000
Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Adamawa-Ubangian: Ubangian: Gbaya-Gbanzili: Sere
Grammar: Santandrea, Stefano. 1965. "The Birri Language," Afrika und Übersee 49, 81-105 & 196-234. [Reprinted 1966 by Editrice Nigrizia, Bologna]
Other Sources: LA
Consonant system: t̪ ṭ c k kp ʔ (b) ɓ d̪ ɗ̪ ḍ ɟ ɡ ɡb ṭr ḍr (ɡ̌) f θ s v ð z (ž) m n̪ n ñ ŋ l v̊ r v̊ is a labiodental flap.
Stops: (b) ɓ t̪ d̪ ɗ̪ ṭ ḍ c ɟ k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
Affricates: ṭr ḍr (ɡ̌)
Fricatives: f v θ ð s z (ž)
Nasals: m n̪ n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: v̊ r
Modified Consonants: N c b ɡb ɡ̌ v
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u I ʋ e ǝ o ɛ ɔ a
Front Vowels: i I e ɛ
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u ʋ o ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄
Nasal Vowels: ṽ
Tones: hi lo
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Syntax: SVO NA NG/GN ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP/POST
typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-tones,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,
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